向 * 3 xiang4 direction/ orientation/ to face/ to turn toward/ to/ towards/ shortly before/ formerly/ to side with/ to be partial to/ all along (previously)/ surname Xiang

过去 * 3 guo4 qu5 (in the) past/ former/ previous/ to go over/ to pass by

以前 * 3 yi3 qian2 before/ formerly/ previous/ ago

不过 * 4 bu4 guo4 only/ merely/ no more than/ but/ however/ anyway (to get back to a previous topic)

往 * 4 wang3 to go (in a direction)/ to/ towards/ (of a train) bound for/ past/ previous

上 * 5 shang4 on/ on top/ upon/ first (of multiple parts)/ previous/ last/ upper/ higher/ above/ to climb/ to go into/ to go up/ to attend (class or university)

从前 * 5 cong2 qian2 previously/ formerly/ once upon a time

曾经 * 5 ceng2 jing1 once/ already/ former/ previously/ ever/ (past tense marker used before verb or clause)

则 * 5 ze2 conjunction used to express contrast with a previous sentence or clause/ standard/ norm/ rule/ to imitate/ to follow/ then/ principle/ classifier for written items (such as an official statement)

以来 * 5 yi3 lai2 since (a previous event)

先前 * 6 xian1 qian2 before/ previously

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