gần (mqh) thân thiết chặt chẽ đóng khép kết thúc 
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necessary ☊ 
cần thiết ☊ Adjectives 1 Patience is really necessary. ☊ Sự kiên nhẫn thật sự cần thiết. ☊ Common Phrases 3 She took my design. ☊ Cô ấy đã lấy thiết kế của tôi. ☊ Abstract Objects 1 design ☊ thiết kế ☊ Abstract Objects 1 The architects are designing the landscape of this town. ☊ Các kiến trúc sư đang thiết kế cảnh quan của thị trấn này. ☊ Nature I do not understand the role of this equipment. ☊ Tôi không hiểu vai trò của thiết bị này. ☊ Miscellaneous equipment ☊ thiết bị ☊ Miscellaneous The government mobilized many armored cars. ☊ Chính phủ đã huy động nhiều xe thiết giáp. ☊ Military Their armored car is attacked. ☊ Xe thiết giáp của họ bị tấn công. ☊ Military an armored battalion ☊ Một tiểu đoàn thiết giáp ☊ Military armored ☊ thiết giáp ☊ Military like: thiết → →
planning chart ☊ bản đồ thiết kế chiến thuật ☊ completely unnecessary ☊ chẳng cần thiết chút nào ☊ must ☊ cần thiết phải ☊ basic construction ☊ kiến thiết cơ bản ☊ to dream of impractical things ☊ mơ màng những điều không thiết thực ☊ planner ☊ nhà thiết kế ☊ office planner ☊ nhà thiết kế văn phòng ☊ it is imperative to do so ☊ nhất thiết phải làm như vậy ☊ earnest desire, wish ☊ tha thiết ước mong ☊ device, equipment, gear ☊ trang thiết bị ☊ electrical equipment ☊ trang thiết bị điện ☊ armored cruiser ☊ tuần dương hạm thiết giáp ☊ to reconstruct the economy ☊ tái thiết kinh tế ☊ armored vehicle ☊ xe thiết giáp ☊ 
ruinieren ☊ gây thiệt hại, tàn phá ☊ 
败坏 ☊ bàihuài unentbehrlich ☊ rất cần thiết, không thể thiếu ☊ 必不可少的 ☊ bì bù kě shǎo de anbeten ☊ tôn thờ, sùng bái, yêu say đắm, yêu tha thiết ☊ 朝拜 ☊ cháobài der Schaden ☊ thiệt hại ☊ ☊ der Ausfall ☊ sự thiệt hại ☊ ☊ ruinieren ☊ gây thiệt hại, tàn phá ☊ ☊ unentbehrlich ☊ rất cần thiết, không thể thiếu ☊ ☊ der Grundriss ☊ bản vẽ, thiết kế ☊ ☊ der Schalldämpfer ☊ thiết bị giảm thanh ☊ ☊ der Rußfilter ☊ thiết bị lọc muội ☊ ☊ die Plage ☊ mối gây thiệt hại, mối làm phiền ☊ ☊ das Design ☊ thiết kế ☊ ☊ die Ausrüstung ☊ trang thiết bị ☊ ☊ anbeten ☊ tôn thờ, sùng bái, yêu say đắm, yêu tha thiết ☊ ☊ Ich könnte etwas Nützliches besuchen. ☊ Anh muốn đi đến những nơi cần thiết. ☊ (Lektion 17, Nr. 189) Sie muss sich ja nicht unbedingt an ihm rächen, aber sie sollte sich in Zukunft wirklich nicht mehr ausnutzen lassen. ☊ Chị cũng không nhất thiết phải trả thù anh ta, nhưng thực sự trong tương lai chị không nên để bị lợi dụng nữa. ☊ (Lektion 61, Nr. 866) Ich hoffe, der Mechaniker wird sich bis morgen das Auto anschauen und alle nötigen Teile besorgen. ☊ Anh hy vọng, tới sáng mai người thợ cơ khí sẽ xem xét xe và chăm sóc tất cả các bộ phận cần thiết. ☊ (Lektion 68, Nr. 977) Trang und Tri entwerfen die Einladungen zu ihrer anstehenden Hochzeit. ☊ Trang và Trí thiết kế thiệp mời cho lễ cưới sắp tới của họ. ☊ (Lektion 75, Nr. 1067) Leider ist unser Faxgerät zur Zeit außer Betrieb. ☊ Rất tiếc thiết bị nhận fax của chúng tôi hiện đang gặp trục trặc. ☊ (Lektion 93, Nr. 1423) Du musst das System neu aufsetzen. ☊ Anh / Chị phải thiết lập mới hệ thống. ☊ (Lektion 113, Nr. 2076) Bitte ändern Sie die Sicherheitseinstellungen Ihres Rechners. ☊ Xin hãy thay đổi việc thiết lập an toàn cho máy tính của anh / chị. ☊ (Lektion 113, Nr. 2078) The damage couldn't have been caused accidentally. ☊ accidentally ☊
The building plans include much needed new office accommodation. ☊ accommodation ☊
acknowledge sth: She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform. ☊ acknowledge ☊
How long will it take to acquire the necessary skills? ☊ acquire ☊
Sweden has a reputation for advanced and stylish design. ☊ advanced ☊
Val works for an advertising agency (= a company that designs advertisements). ☊ advertising ☊
agree (with sb) (about/on sth): He agreed with them about the need for change. ☊ agree ☊
Teamwork is required in order to achieve these aims. ☊ aim ☊
a burglar/fire/smoke alarm ☊ alarm ☊
a close ally and friend of the prime minister ☊ ally ☊
Although small, the kitchen is well designed. ☊ although ☊
The server is designed to store huge amounts of data. ☊ amount ☊
appeal to sb: The design has to appeal to all ages and social groups. ☊ appeal ☊
Children should be disciplined when the need arises (= when it is necessary). ☊ arise ☊
She's good at art and design. ☊ art ☊
Have you seen that article about young fashion designers? ☊ article ☊
assistance with sth: She offered me practical assistance with my research. ☊ assistance ☊
Antique furniture is used to make an attractive contrast with a modern setting. ☊ attractive ☊
the Housing Design Award ☊ award ☊
He was awarded damages of £50 000. ☊ award ☊
badly designed/organized ☊ badly ☊
An independent body has been set up to investigate the affair. ☊ body ☊
a device to measure brain activity during sleep ☊ brain ☊
camping equipment ☊ camping ☊
catch sb + adv./prep.: He was caught with bomb-making equipment in his home. ☊ catch ☊
to set in motion a chain of events ☊ chain ☊
When installing electrical equipment don't take any chances. A mistake could kill. ☊ chance ☊
chew sth (up): teeth designed for chewing meat ☊ chew ☊
claim sth from sth: She claimed damages from the company for the injury she had suffered. ☊ claim ☊
classic design ☊ classic ☊
She and her father are very close. ☊ close ☊
combine sth: We are still looking for someone who combines all the necessary qualities. ☊ combine ☊
come to do sth: This design came to be known as the Oriental style. ☊ come ☊
These tennis shoes are designed for comfort and performance. ☊ comfort ☊
a commission to design the new parliament building ☊ commission ☊
I do not wish to complicate the task more than is necessary. ☊ complicate ☊
computer-aided design ☊ computer ☊
it is concluded that...: It was concluded that the level of change necessary would be low. ☊ conclude ☊
a necessary condition for economic growth ☊ condition ☊
connection (between A and B): Scientists have established a connection between cholesterol levels and heart disease. ☊ connection ☊
it is considered that...: It is considered that the proposed development would create much-needed jobs. ☊ consider ☊
Damage to the building was considerable. ☊ considerable ☊
Fire has caused severe damage to the contents of the building. ☊ content ☊
This speech needs to be set in the context of Britain in the 1960s. ☊ context ☊
They copied the designs from those on Greek vases. ☊ copy ☊
to take/do a course in art and design ☊ course ☊
He won the court case and was awarded damages. ☊ court ☊
Craft, Design and Technology (= a subject in some British schools) ☊ craft ☊
criminal damage (= the crime of damaging sb's property deliberately) ☊ criminal ☊
a flag with a design of two crossed keys ☊ cross ☊
serious/severe/extensive/permanent/minor damage ☊ damage ☊
fire/smoke/bomb/storm damage ☊ damage ☊
The earthquake caused damage to property estimated at $6 million. ☊ damage ☊
The storm didn't do much damage. ☊ damage ☊
Let's take a look at the damage. ☊ damage ☊
I insist on paying for the damage. ☊ damage ☊
Make sure you insure your camera against loss or damage. ☊ damage ☊
emotional damage resulting from divorce ☊ damage ☊
damage to a person's reputation ☊ damage ☊
This could cause serious damage to the country's economy. ☊ damage ☊
I'm going—I've done enough damage here already. ☊ damage ☊
Police are trying to establish the cause of death. ☊ death ☊
floral/abstract/geometric designs ☊ design ☊
The tiles come in a huge range of colours and designs. ☊ design ☊
a course in art and design ☊ design ☊
a design studio ☊ design ☊
computer-aided design ☊ design ☊
the design and development of new products ☊ design ☊
designs for aircraft ☊ design ☊
new and original designs ☊ design ☊
The basic design of the car is very similar to that of earlier models. ☊ design ☊
special new design features ☊ design ☊
The machine's unique design prevents it from overheating. ☊ design ☊
The magazine will appear in a new design from next month. ☊ design ☊
design sth (for sth): The method is specifically designed for use in small groups. ☊ design ☊
design sth (as sth): This course is primarily designed as an introduction to the subject. ☊ design ☊
design sth to do sth: The programme is designed to help people who have been out of work for a long time. ☊ design ☊
We need to design a new syllabus for the third year. ☊ design ☊
design sth: to design a car/a dress/an office ☊ design ☊
a badly designed kitchen ☊ design ☊
He designed and built his own house. ☊ design ☊
design sth for sb/sth: They asked me to design a poster for the campaign. ☊ design ☊
design sb sth: Could you design us a poster? ☊ design ☊
determine sth: An inquiry was set up to determine the cause of the accident. ☊ determine ☊
This piece of equipment is an exciting new development. ☊ development ☊
a water-saving device ☊ device ☊
This device enables deaf people to communicate by typing messages instead of speaking. ☊ device ☊
electrical labour-saving devices around the home ☊ device ☊
a serious/severe/considerable disadvantage ☊ disadvantage ☊
Designs for the new sports hall are on display in the library. ☊ on display ☊
The prosecution was able to establish beyond reasonable doubt that the woman had been lying. ☊ beyond (any) doubt ☊
set against the dramatic backcloth of Mont Blanc ☊ dramatic ☊
Your duties will include setting up a new computer system. ☊ duty ☊
Early booking is essential, as space is limited. ☊ early ☊
This computer is popular for its good design and ease of use. ☊ ease ☊
She writes with a great economy of words (= using only the necessary words). ☊ economy ☊
efficient heating equipment ☊ efficient ☊
The company has invested a great deal of time and effort in setting up new training schemes. ☊ effort ☊
electrical equipment/appliances ☊ electrical ☊
The speech was deliberately designed to embarrass the prime minister. ☊ embarrass ☊
damage to the environment ☊ environment ☊
environmental damage ☊ environmental ☊
office equipment ☊ equipment ☊
new equipment for the sports club ☊ equipment ☊
an essential part/ingredient/component of sth ☊ essential ☊
essential services such as gas, water and electricity ☊ essential ☊
The museum is closed while essential repairs are being carried out. ☊ essential ☊
Even in small companies, computers are an essential tool. ☊ essential ☊
The charity will be taking food and essential supplies to six refugee camps. ☊ essential ☊
This book is essential reading for all nature lovers. ☊ essential ☊
essential to sth: Money is not essential to happiness. ☊ essential ☊
essential for sth: Experience is essential for this job. ☊ essential ☊
it is essential to do sth: It is essential to keep the two groups separate ☊ essential ☊
it is essential that...: It is essential that you have some experience. ☊ essential ☊
The essential character of the town has been destroyed by the new road. ☊ essential ☊
I only had time to pack the bare essentials (= the most necessary things). ☊ essential ☊
The studio had all the essentials like heating and running water. ☊ essential ☊
the essentials of English grammar ☊ essential ☊
The new treaty establishes a free trade zone. ☊ establish ☊
Let's establish some ground rules. ☊ establish ☊
The school has established a successful relationship with the local community. ☊ establish ☊
Traditions get established over time. ☊ establish ☊
establish sth: Police are still trying to establish the cause of the accident. ☊ establish ☊
establish that...: They have established that his injuries were caused by a fall. ☊ establish ☊
establish where, what, etc...: We need to establish where she was at the time of the shooting. ☊ establish ☊
At least 5 000 people were killed, and that's a conservative estimate (= the real figure will be higher). ☊ estimate ☊
examine sth/sb for sth: The goods were examined for damage on arrival. ☊ examine ☊
It is a classic example of how not to design a new city centre. ☊ example ☊
exhibit sth (at/in...): They will be exhibiting their new designs at the trade fairs. ☊ exhibit ☊
No expense was spared (= they spent as much money as was needed) to make the party a success. ☊ expense ☊
Facts can be established by observation and experiment. ☊ experiment ☊
Bomb disposal experts exploded the device under controlled conditions. ☊ explode ☊
Bomb Squad officers carried out a controlled explosion of the device. ☊ explosion ☊
You could be exposing yourself to unnecessary risks when driving alone. ☊ expose ☊
The fire caused extensive damage. ☊ extensive ☊
It is difficult to assess the full extent of the damage. ☊ extent ☊
conference facilities ☊ facility ☊
shopping/banking/cooking facilities ☊ facility ☊
The day was set fair with the spring sun shining down. ☊ fair ☊
a fashion designer/magazine/show ☊ fashion ☊
a major fault in the design ☊ fault ☊
Does the bank charge a fee for setting up the account? ☊ fee ☊
'How big was the bomb, if it did all that damage?' 'I don't know. Not my field' (= that is not one of the subjects I know about). ☊ field ☊
The project will only go ahead if they can raise the necessary finance. ☊ finance ☊
flood damage ☊ flood ☊
When the Ganges floods, it causes considerable damage. ☊ flood ☊
form sth: I formed many close friendships at college. ☊ form ☊
Formal diplomatic relations between the two countries were re-established in December. ☊ formal ☊
a close/good friend ☊ friend ☊
It is too early to assess the full extent of the damage. ☊ full ☊
This design aims for harmony of form and function. ☊ function ☊
The movie is set in the future. ☊ future ☊
to change gear ☊ gear ☊
to shift gear ☊ gear ☊
Fake designer watches are sold at a fraction of the price of the genuine article. ☊ genuine ☊
Thieves got away with computer equipment worth $30 000. ☊ get away with sth ☊
growth hormones (= designed to make sb/sth grow faster) ☊ growth ☊
Happily, the damage was only slight. ☊ happily ☊
It wouldn't do you any harm to smarten yourself up. ☊ it wouldn't do sb any harm (to do sth) ☊
It was a chance to heal the wounds in the party (= to repair the damage that had been done). ☊ heal ☊
help in doing sth: The organization offers practical help in dealing with paperwork. ☊ help ☊
helpful (for sb) (to do sth): It would be helpful for me to see the damage for myself. ☊ helpful ☊
They hired a firm of consultants to design the new system. ☊ hire ☊
the basic essentials of life, i.e. housing, food and water ☊ i.e. ☊
If necessary I can come at once. ☊ if ☊
Increasing numbers of people are using hand-held devices to access the Internet. ☊ increase ☊
the essential ingredients for success ☊ ingredient ☊
Three people were killed and five injured in the crash. ☊ injure ☊
No damage or injuries were reported. ☊ injury ☊
Can you claim for the loss on your insurance? ☊ insurance ☊
intend to do sth: I fully intended (= definitely intended) to pay for the damage. ☊ intend ☊
A windproof jacket is an essential item of clothing for hillwalking. ☊ item ☊
Three people were killed in the crash. ☊ kill ☊
He'll only wear clothes with a designer label. ☊ label ☊
The bomb blast left 25 people dead. ☊ leave ☊
The floods caused a massive loss of life (= many people were killed). ☊ life ☊
link (with sth): to establish trade links with Asia ☊ link ☊
link A to/with B: Exposure to ultraviolet light is closely linked to skin cancer. ☊ link ☊
These backpacks are designed to carry a heavy load. ☊ load ☊
A working party has been set up to look into the problem. ☊ look into sth ☊
Many people lost their lives (= were killed). ☊ lose ☊
He'll go mad when he sees the damage. ☊ mad ☊
Her designer clothes were from the pages of a glossy fashion magazine. ☊ magazine ☊
male bonding (= the act of forming close friendships between men) ☊ male ☊
the damage caused by man to the environment ☊ man ☊
There is a range of programs on the market which may be described as design aids. ☊ may ☊
mean sb for sth/sb: I was never meant for the army (= did not have the qualities needed to become a soldier). ☊ mean ☊
a device that measures the level of radiation in the atmosphere ☊ measure ☊
Police in riot gear were in attendance as a precautionary measure. ☊ measure ☊
mobile equipment ☊ mobile ☊
The more expensive articles are not necessarily better. ☊ not necessarily ☊
'We're going to lose.' 'Not necessarily.' ☊ not necessarily ☊
It may be necessary to buy a new one. ☊ necessary ☊
Only use your car when absolutely necessary. ☊ necessary ☊
I'll make the necessary arrangements. ☊ necessary ☊
Changes can easily be made where necessary. ☊ necessary ☊
She has the qualities necessary to be a successful teacher. ☊ necessary ☊
This is a necessary consequence of progress. ☊ necessary ☊
Food aid is urgently needed. ☊ need ☊
need (not) have done sth: You needn't have worried (= it was not necessary for you to worry, but you did) —it all turned out fine. ☊ need ☊
need (for sth): There is an urgent need for qualified teachers. ☊ need ☊
We will contact you again if the need arises. ☊ need ☊
He helped me in my hour of need. ☊ need ☊
old-fashioned clothes/styles/methods/equipment ☊ old-fashioned ☊
Operation of the device is extremely simple. ☊ operation ☊
The course offers options in design and computing. ☊ option ☊
Some designs are better than others. ☊ other ☊
I paid for the damage out of my savings. ☊ out ☊
The company will invest $1.6m overall in new equipment. ☊ overall ☊
At least ten people were killed in the crash. ☊ people ☊
The accident has not done any permanent damage. ☊ permanent ☊
the design phase ☊ phase ☊
a piece of equipment/machinery ☊ piece ☊
A basic sense of rhythm and pitch is essential in a music teacher. ☊ pitch ☊
a pleasing design ☊ pleasing ☊
We have to fit five of us plus all our gear in the car. ☊ plus ☊
Hundreds of police in riot gear struggled to control the violence. ☊ police ☊
This is one of our most popular designs. ☊ popular ☊
The possession of a passport is essential for foreign travel. ☊ possession ☊
'I'm sure he didn't mean to be rude.' 'Quite possibly (= you may be right), but the damage has been done.' ☊ possibly ☊
Total losses were estimated at over three million pounds. ☊ pound ☊
Bob's very practical. He does all the odd jobs around the house. ☊ practical ☊
Cool, loose-fitting clothes are practical in a hot climate. ☊ practical ☊
It was difficult to find a practical solution to the problem. ☊ practical ☊
practical advice/help/support ☊ practical ☊
It sounds like a good idea, but I don't think it will work practically. ☊ practically ☊
Careful preparation for the exam is essential. ☊ preparation ☊
It is essential that we present a united front (= show that we all agree). ☊ present ☊
According to French press reports, three people have been killed. ☊ press ☊
No previous experience is necessary for this job. ☊ previous ☊
a course designed primarily for specialists ☊ primarily ☊
Although not essential, some prior knowledge of statistics is desirable. ☊ prior ☊
to set up a project to computerize the library system ☊ project ☊
It was proving extremely difficult to establish the truth. ☊ prove ☊
The campaign is designed to increase public awareness of the issues. ☊ public ☊
The equipment can be purchased from your local supplier. ☊ purchase ☊
Previous teaching experience is a necessary qualification for this job. ☊ qualification ☊
There is a general recognition of the urgent need for reform. ☊ recognition ☊
recognize sth: They recognized the need to take the problem seriously. ☊ recognize ☊
to set a new record ☊ record ☊
recording equipment ☊ recording ☊
The equipment is checked on a regular basis. ☊ regular ☊
Under the new regulations spending on office equipment will be strictly controlled. ☊ regulation ☊
I have established a good working relationship with my boss. ☊ relationship ☊
It was too late to repair the damage done to their relationship. ☊ repair ☊
a repeating pattern/design ☊ repeat ☊
The new design will eventually replace all existing models. ☊ replace ☊
to replace the handset (= after using the telephone). ☊ replace ☊
to earn/establish/build a reputation ☊ reputation ☊
The company enjoys a world-wide reputation for quality of design. ☊ reputation ☊
This new paint is designed to resist heat. ☊ resist ☊
responsible (for doing sth): Mike is responsible for designing the entire project. ☊ responsible ☊
This latest design has no rivals (= it is easily the best design available). ☊ rival ☊
Tree roots can cause damage to buildings. ☊ root ☊
This watch is not designed for rough treatment. ☊ rough ☊
It's a sad fact that many of those killed were children. ☊ sad ☊
It was not until morning that the sheer scale of the damage could be seen (= how great it was). ☊ scale ☊
a scare story (= a news report that spreads more anxiety or fear about sth than is necessary) ☊ scare ☊
The new design just didn't sell (= nobody bought it). ☊ sell ☊
separate sth into sth: Make a list of points and separate them into 'desirable' and 'essential'. ☊ separate ☊
separation (between A and B): the need for a clear separation between Church and State ☊ separation ☊
Essential services (= the supply of water, gas, electricity) will be maintained. ☊ service ☊
set sth: Who will be setting (= writing the questions for) the French exam? ☊ set ☊
set sth for sth: What books have been set (= are to be studied) for the English course? ☊ set ☊
This could set a new fashion. ☊ set ☊
The police set up roadblocks on routes out of the city. ☊ set sth up ☊
I've set up a meeting for Friday. ☊ set sth up ☊
to set up a business ☊ set sth up ☊
The party suffered severe losses during the last election. ☊ severe ☊
Give the necessary information but keep it simple. ☊ simple ☊
The damage was slight. ☊ slight ☊
design/educational/music-sharing, etc. software ☊ software ☊
His advice was always solid and practical. ☊ solid ☊
sorry (about sth): We're very sorry about the damage to your car. ☊ sorry ☊
a specially designed diet plan ☊ specially ☊
liquid vitamins specifically designed for children ☊ specifically ☊
This course is designed so that students can progress at their own speed. ☊ speed ☊
The product is at the design stage. ☊ stage ☊
Who sets the standard for water quality? ☊ standard ☊
The equipment is slow and heavy by modern standards. ☊ standard ☊
When the band started out, they couldn't afford much equipment. ☊ start out ☊
A wasp or bee sting is painful but not necessarily serious. ☊ sting ☊
He hoped the electronic equipment was safely stored away. ☊ store ☊
storm damage ☊ storm ☊
stretch sth: The exercises are designed to stretch and tone your leg muscles. ☊ stretch ☊
succeed in sth: She doesn't have the ruthlessness required to succeed in business. ☊ succeed ☊
The damage was such that it would cost thousands to repair. ☊ such ☊
Such is the elegance of this typeface that it is still a favourite of designers. ☊ such ☊
The sun was just setting. ☊ sun ☊
The buildings have been designed to blend in with their surroundings. ☊ surroundings ☊
The next morning we surveyed the damage caused by the fire. ☊ survey ☊
suspect sb/sth of doing sth: I suspected her of damaging the equipment. ☊ suspect ☊
Our first task is to set up a communications system. ☊ task ☊
The movie is set at the time of the Russian Revolution. ☊ time ☊
It is the first car of its type to have this design feature. ☊ type ☊
unnecessary expense ☊ unnecessary ☊
They were found guilty of causing unnecessary suffering to animals. ☊ unnecessary ☊
All this fuss is totally unnecessary. ☊ unnecessary ☊
That last comment was a little unnecessary, wasn't it? ☊ unnecessary ☊
damage to both urban and rural environments ☊ urban ☊
The software is designed for use in schools. ☊ use ☊
What is needed is a frank exchange of views. ☊ view ☊
view (sb/sth as sth): When the car was first built, the design was viewed as highly original. ☊ view ☊
vital (for sth): the vitamins that are vital for health ☊ vital ☊
vote to do sth: Parliament voted to set up an independent inquiry into the matter. ☊ vote ☊
I hate unnecessary waste. ☊ waste ☊
Take whatever action is needed. ☊ whatever ☊
Your claim ought to succeed, in which case the damages will be substantial. ☊ which ☊
wish to do sth: This course is designed for people wishing to update their computer skills. ☊ wish ☊
We set to work on the outside of the house (= for example, painting it). ☊ get (down) to/set to work ☊
There were 79 killed and 230 wounded. ☊ wounded ☊
shrink wrapping (= plastic designed to shrink around objects so that it fits them tightly) ☊ wrapping ☊