vinegar ☊ 
醋 → ☊ 
có thể nhà tù nhà giam bình ca đựng 
can like: giấm → →
abnehmen ☊ 
giảm cân, giảm sút ☊ 
减少 ☊ jiǎnshǎo senken ☊ giảm, hạ, chìm ☊ 降低 ☊ jiàng dī verschließen ☊ khóa , giam giữ ☊ 锁 ☊ suǒ schadstoffarm ☊ giảm chất độc hại ☊ 含少量有害物质的 ☊ hàn shǎo liàng yǒu hài wù zhì de beaufsichtigen ☊ giám sát, trông ☊ 监管 ☊ jiānguǎn die Ermäßigung ☊ sự giảm bớt ☊ ☊ der Schinken ☊ giăm bông ☊ ☊ abnehmen ☊ giảm cân, giảm sút ☊ ☊ senken ☊ giảm, hạ, chìm ☊ ☊ die Zinsen senken ☊ giảm lãi xuất ☊ ☊ verschließen ☊ khóa , giam giữ ☊ ☊ schadstoffarm ☊ giảm chất độc hại ☊ ☊ die Gehaltskürzung ☊ cắt giảm lương ☊ ☊ die Überwachung ☊ giám sát ☊ ☊ der Schalldämpfer ☊ thiết bị giảm thanh ☊ ☊ der Stoßdämpfer ☊ bộ giảm xóc, bộ đệm giảm xóc ☊ ☊ das Beruhigungsmittel ☊ thuốc giảm đau ☊ ☊ beaufsichtigen ☊ giám sát, trông ☊ ☊ die Aufsicht ☊ sự giám sát ☊ ☊ der Bischof ☊ giám mục ☊ ☊ Ermäßigungen für Gruppen. ☊ Giảm giá cho đoàn. ☊ (Lektion 7, Nr. 68) Vielen Mitarbeitern drohen Gehaltskürzungen oder Arbeitslosigkeit. ☊ Nhiều nhân công có nguy cơ bị cắt giảm lương hoặc bị thất nghiệp. ☊ (Lektion 82, Nr. 1163) Du würdest bestimmt schnell in eine Führungsposition aufsteigen und die Dominanz der Männer brechen. ☊ Em chắc chắn nhanh chóng sẽ leo lên một vị trí lãnh đạo và làm giảm bớt sự chiếm ưu thế của nam giới. ☊ (Lektion 83, Nr. 1190) Der Geschäftsführer ist im Moment nicht zu sprechen. ☊ Giám đốc hiện không thể tiếp chuyện được. ☊ (Lektion 86, Nr. 1255) Gewähren Sie Mengenrabatt? ☊ Qúy vị có giảm giá cho số lượng lớn không? ☊ (Lektion 98, Nr. 1579) Wir suchen zum 01.01. einen Projektmanager. ☊ Chúng tôi cần tìm một giám đốc dự án đến ngày 01.01. ☊ (Lektion 104, Nr. 1772) Ich bewerbe mich auf die Stelle als Projektmanager. ☊ Tôi nộp đơn xin việc vào vị trí giám đốc dự án. ☊ (Lektion 105, Nr. 1809) Bis jetzt war ich als Projektmanager für den internationalen Austausch in meiner Firma zuständig. ☊ Cho đến nay với tư cách giám đốc dự án tôi đã chịu trách nhiệm trong các chương trình trao đổi quốc tế của công ty. ☊ (Lektion 106, Nr. 1853) Kann ich bitte den Geschäftsführer sprechen? ☊ Tôi có thể nói chuyện với giám đốc công ty được không? ☊ (Lektion 110, Nr. 1993) Wo finde ich das Büro des Abteilungsleiters? ☊ Tôi có thể tìm thấy văn phòng giám đốc bộ phận ở đâu? ☊ (Lektion 110, Nr. 1994) Ich bin der Chef. ☊ Tôi là giám đốc. ☊ (Lektion 110, Nr. 1998) Ich bin befördert worden: Ich bin jetzt Projektleiter. ☊ Tôi được thăng chức: Hiện nay tôi là giám đốc dự án. ☊ (Lektion 110, Nr. 2010) Bitte schauen Sie sich nun diese Grafik an hier: Deutlich können Sie erkennen, dass der Umsatz im Sommer eingebrochen ist. ☊ Bây giờ quý vị làm ơn hãy nhìn vào hình đồ thị này: quý vị có thể nhận thấy rõ doanh thu đã sụt giảm trong mùa hè. ☊ (Lektion 114, Nr. 2102) Ich bin Projektleiter. ☊ Tôi là giám đốc dự án. ☊ (Lektion 116, Nr. 2167) Ich gebe Ihnen 20 Prozent Rabatt. ☊ Tôi giảm giá 20 phần trăm cho quý khách. ☊ (Lektion 118, Nr. 2259) Reichen Sie Ihre Rede bis zum 15.02. bei der Jury ein. ☊ Xin quý vị hãy gửi bài phát biểu của mình tới hội đồng giám khảo đến ngày 15.2. ☊ (Lektion 122, Nr. 2357) Reduzierte Ware ist vom Umtausch ausgeschlossen. ☊ Hàng giảm giá không đổi lại được. ☊ (Lektion 125, Nr. 2508) The parents were active in campaigning against cuts to the education budget. ☊ active ☊
aim at sth: The government is aiming at a 50% reduction in unemployment. ☊ aim ☊
aim to do sth: They are aiming to reduce unemployment by 50%. ☊ aim ☊
allow sb/sth + adv./prep.: The prisoners are allowed out of their cells for two hours a day. ☊ allow ☊
the rocket's angle of descent ☊ angle ☊
It appears unlikely that interest rates will fall further. ☊ appear ☊
John is the London area manager. ☊ area ☊
argument that...: His argument was that public spending must be reduced. ☊ argument ☊
the artistic director of the theatre ☊ artistic ☊
attach sth to sth: Attach the coupon to the front of your letter. ☊ attach ☊
attempt to do sth: Two factories were closed in an attempt to cut costs. ☊ attempt ☊
She fell back towards the end of the race. ☊ back ☊
He has been confined to bed with flu for the past couple of days. ☊ bed ☊
The new cuts will be seen as a crippling blow for people on low incomes. ☊ blow ☊
She has a seat on the board of directors. ☊ board ☊
The board is/are unhappy about falling sales. ☊ board ☊
A large body of people will be affected by the tax cuts. ☊ body ☊
Retirement usually brings with it a massive drop in income. ☊ bring ☊
We aim to bring down prices on all our computers. ☊ bring sth down ☊
budget cuts ☊ budget ☊
Today police launched (= began) a campaign to reduce road accidents. ☊ campaign ☊
Customers are offered a 10% discount if they pay cash. ☊ cash ☊
Reducing inflation is central to (= is an important part of) the government's economic policy. ☊ central ☊
Farmers are being urged to reduce their use of chemicals and work with nature to combat pests. ☊ chemical ☊
the chief financial officer of the company ☊ chief ☊
Stockholders took it on the chin yesterday as markets fell sharply. ☊ take sth on the chin ☊
It is clear from the graph that sales have dropped sharply. ☊ clear ☊
The price of gas is coming down. ☊ come down ☊
Gas is coming down in price. ☊ come down ☊
The government's primary concern is to reduce crime. ☊ concern ☊
A fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer confidence. ☊ confidence ☊
The soldiers concerned were confined to barracks (= had to stay in the barracks, as a punishment). ☊ confine ☊
The fall in retail sales is directly connected with the decline in employment. ☊ connected ☊
Tax cuts will boost consumer confidence after the recession. ☊ consumer ☊
The number of car accident deaths is continuing to decline. ☊ continue ☊
continue doing sth: The rain continued falling all afternoon. ☊ continue ☊
contribution (toward(s) sth/doing sth): These measures would make a valuable contribution towards reducing industrial accidents. ☊ contribution ☊
By convention the deputy leader was always a woman. ☊ convention ☊
The use of cheap labour helped to keep costs down. ☊ cost ☊
to cut/reduce costs ☊ cost ☊
We could write a letter to the director. ☊ could ☊
Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance. ☊ critical ☊
The supervisor is always very critical. ☊ critical ☊
cut sth: to cut prices/taxes/spending/production ☊ cut ☊
Buyers will bargain hard to cut the cost of the house they want. ☊ cut ☊
cut sth by...: His salary has been cut by ten per cent. ☊ cut ☊
The winner cut ten seconds off (= ran the distance ten seconds faster than) the world record. ☊ cut sth off ☊
If we don't sell more we'll have to cut back production. ☊ cut sth back ☊
to cut back on spending ☊ cut sth back ☊
The doctor told him to cut down on his drinking. ☊ cut sth down (to...), cut down (on sth) ☊
I won't have a cigarette, thanks—I'm trying to cut down (= smoke fewer). ☊ cut sth down (to...), cut down (on sth) ☊
price/tax/job cuts ☊ cut ☊
They announced cuts in public spending. ☊ cut ☊
debate whether, what, etc...: The committee will debate whether to lower the age of club membership to 16. ☊ debate ☊
a rapid/sharp/gradual decline ☊ decline ☊
The company reported a small decline in its profits. ☊ decline ☊
An increase in cars has resulted in the decline of public transport. ☊ decline ☊
Industry in Britain has been in decline since the 1970s. ☊ decline ☊
Support for the party continues to decline. ☊ decline ☊
The number of tourists to the resort declined by 10% last year. ☊ decline ☊
Her health was declining rapidly. ☊ decline ☊
decrease (from sth) (to sth): The number of new students decreased from 210 to 160 this year. ☊ decrease ☊
a decreasing population ☊ decrease ☊
Donations have decreased significantly over the past few years. ☊ decrease ☊
decrease by sth: The price of wheat has decreased by 5%. ☊ decrease ☊
decrease in sth: This species of bird is decreasing in numbers every year. ☊ decrease ☊
decrease sth: People should decrease the amount of fat they eat. ☊ decrease ☊
decrease (in sth): There has been some decrease in military spending this year. ☊ decrease ☊
decrease (of sth): a decrease of nearly 6% in the number of visitors to the museum ☊ decrease ☊
Further cuts in defence spending are being considered. ☊ defence ☊
The jury finally delivered its verdict. ☊ deliver ☊
A new type of painkilling drug has recently been developed. ☊ develop ☊
I decided to go on a diet (= to lose weight) before my holiday. ☊ diet ☊
the managing director ☊ director ☊
an executive/non-executive director ☊ director ☊
He's on the board of directors. ☊ director ☊
the musical director ☊ director ☊
a regional director ☊ director ☊
the director of education ☊ director ☊
to get/give/offer a discount ☊ discount ☊
discount (on/off sth): They're offering a 10% discount on all sofas this month. ☊ discount ☊
They were selling everything at a discount (= at reduced prices). ☊ discount ☊
a discount shop (= one that regularly sells goods at reduced prices) ☊ discount ☊
Do you give any discount? ☊ discount ☊
discount sth: We cannot discount the possibility of further strikes. ☊ discount ☊
discounted prices/fares ☊ discount ☊
Most of our stock has been discounted by up to 40%. ☊ discount ☊
Prices have gone down recently. ☊ down ☊
the downward trend in inflation ☊ downward ☊
Nine per cent of commuters used public transport in 2008 and the trend is downwards. ☊ downwards ☊
Official projections of the spread of AIDS have mercifully been revised downwards (= it has been predicted that the disease will not spread as fast as had earlier been suggested). ☊ downwards ☊
a dramatic increase/fall/change/improvement ☊ dramatic ☊
Prices have fallen dramatically. ☊ dramatically ☊
The temperature has dropped considerably. ☊ drop ☊
The price of shares dropped by 14p. ☊ drop ☊
Shares dropped in price by 14p. ☊ drop ☊
drop sth: She dropped her voice dramatically. ☊ drop ☊
You must drop your speed in built-up areas. ☊ drop ☊
a drop in prices/temperature, etc. ☊ drop ☊
a dramatic/sharp drop in profits ☊ drop ☊
If you want the job, you must be prepared to take a drop in salary. ☊ drop ☊
There was a substantial drop in the number of people out of work last month. ☊ drop ☊
a five per cent drop ☊ drop ☊
The doctor put me on a course of pain-killing drugs. ☊ drug ☊
The pain immediately eased. ☊ ease ☊
ease sth: This should help ease the pain. ☊ ease ☊
The plan should ease traffic congestion in the town. ☊ ease ☊
Patient education is important to minimize the risk of a second heart attack. ☊ education ☊
The company must reduce costs to compete effectively. ☊ effectively ☊
Evening was falling by the time we reached the house. ☊ evening ☊
a chief/senior/top executive in a computer firm ☊ executive ☊
a fall in the value of exports ☊ export ☊
to drop/lower your eyes (= to look down) ☊ eye ☊
The closure of the mine was the single most important factor in the town's decline. ☊ factor ☊
A power failure plunged everything into darkness. ☊ failure ☊
Their profits have fallen by 30 per cent. ☊ fall ☊
Prices continued to fall on the stock market today. ☊ fall ☊
The temperature fell sharply in the night. ☊ fall ☊
falling birth rates ☊ fall ☊
+ noun: Share prices fell 30p. ☊ fall ☊
a steep fall in profits ☊ fall ☊
You should cut down on fats and carbohydrates. ☊ fat ☊
reduced-fat margarines ☊ fat ☊
Aspirin should help reduce the fever. ☊ fever ☊
Viewing figures for the series have dropped dramatically. ☊ figure ☊
To order, fill in the coupon on p 54. ☊ fill sth in ☊
the finance director/department ☊ finance ☊
The dollar finished the day slightly down. ☊ finish ☊
Fish stocks in the Baltic are in decline. ☊ fish ☊
Cutting our costs is the only way forward. ☊ forward ☊
The exchange rate is likely to fall in the near future (= soon). ☊ future ☊
Gentlemen of the jury! ☊ gentleman ☊
The price of oil is going down. ☊ go down ☊
The government intends to go ahead with its tax cutting plans ☊ go ahead (with sth) ☊
Cuts have been made for the good of the company. ☊ good ☊
The Government has/have been considering further tax cuts. ☊ government ☊
a prison governor ☊ governor ☊
The jury found the defendant not guilty of the offence. ☊ guilty ☊
We'll need to reduce the weight by half. ☊ half ☊
to increase/reduce the heat ☊ heat ☊
help (to) do sth: This should help (to) reduce the pain. ☊ help ☊
hold sb + noun: He was held prisoner for two years. ☊ hold ☊
Many of those arrested refused to identify themselves (= would not say who they were). ☊ identify ☊
social support to cushion the impact of unemployment ☊ impact ☊
The impact of the blow knocked ******** balance. ☊ impact ☊
He criticized the Director and, by implication, the whole of the organization. ☊ implication ☊
The Dow Jones index fell 15 points this morning. ☊ index ☊
The article claims that an increase in crime indicates a decline in moral standards. ☊ indicate ☊
the panel of judges at the flower show ☊ judge ☊
The judge sentenced him to five years in prison. ☊ judge ☊
Inflation fell to just over 4 per cent. ☊ just ☊
Knocks and scratches will lower the value of valuable furniture. ☊ knock ☊
Share prices fell early on but rose again late in the day. ☊ late ☊
She's having lunch with the Director, no less. ☊ no less ☊
I've limited myself to 1 000 calories a day to try and lose weight. ☊ limit ☊
weight loss ☊ loss ☊
to maintain prices (= prevent them falling or rising) ☊ maintain ☊
My role is to act as a mediator between employees and management. ☊ management ☊
a growing/declining market for second-hand cars ☊ market ☊
Stress can be extremely damaging to your health. Exercise, meanwhile, can reduce its effects. ☊ meanwhile ☊
measure (to do sth): We must take preventive measures to reduce crime in the area. ☊ measure ☊
Temperatures will fall to a minimum of 10 degrees. ☊ minimum ☊
Each student's progress is closely monitored. ☊ monitor ☊
a decline in moral standards ☊ moral ☊
the musical director of the show ☊ musical ☊
When body temperature is beginning to fall there is a natural tendency to fall asleep. ☊ natural ☊
Profits fell from $11 million to nearer $8 million. ☊ near ☊
to reduce noise levels ☊ noise ☊
He used the occasion to announce further tax cuts. ☊ occasion ☊
the director of the company ☊ of ☊
All shirts have/are 10% off. ☊ off ☊
a customs/prison/welfare officer ☊ officer ☊
to be on the committee/staff/jury/panel ☊ on ☊
Kasparov had left his bishop open (= not protected, in a game of chess ). ☊ open ☊
He's a factory supervisor or something. ☊ or somebody/something/somewhere, somebody/something/somewhere or other ☊
The results, ranked in descending/ascending order, are as follows: ☊ order ☊
order that...: They ordered that for every tree cut down two more be planted. ☊ order ☊
They ordered that for every tree cut down two more should be planted. ☊ order ☊
She has only the director over her. ☊ over ☊
Congestion frequently reduces traffic to walking pace. ☊ pace ☊
The booklet contains information on pain relief during labour. ☊ pain ☊
This cream should help to relieve the pain. ☊ pain ☊
The theatre gives a 10% discount to parties of more than ten. ☊ party ☊
Membership of the club has fallen from a peak of 600 people in 2006. ☊ peak ☊
The aim is to reduce traffic at peak periods. ☊ period ☊
the director of photography (= the person who is in charge of the actual filming of a film/movie, programme, etc.) ☊ photography ☊
Insulation may reduce the danger of pipes bursting in winter. ☊ pipe ☊
He was a political prisoner (= one who was put in prison because he was thought to be harmful to the state). ☊ political ☊
to reduce levels of environmental pollution ☊ pollution ☊
I should like to apply for the position of Sales Director. ☊ position ☊
post sth (off) (to sb): Have you posted off your order yet? ☊ post ☊
it is predicted that...: It was predicted that inflation would continue to fall. ☊ predict ☊
rising/falling prices ☊ price ☊
It's amazing how much computers have come down in price over the past few years. ☊ price ☊
price rises/increases/cuts ☊ price ☊
the prison service/system ☊ prison ☊
The number of prisoners serving life sentences has fallen. ☊ prisoner ☊
a decline/an increase in production ☊ production ☊
It is important not to let production levels fall. ☊ production ☊
a rise/an increase/a drop/a fall in profits ☊ profit ☊
project sth to do sth: The unemployment rate has been projected to fall. ☊ project ☊
it is projected that...: It is projected that the unemployment rate will fall. ☊ project ☊
a decline in water quality ☊ quality ☊
When costs are cut product quality suffers. ☊ quality ☊
He rose through the ranks to become managing director. ☊ rank ☊
a rapid rise/decline in sales ☊ rapid ☊
His pulse rate dropped suddenly. ☊ rate ☊
The market reacted by falling a further two points. ☊ react ☊
There has been a mixed reaction to her appointment as director. ☊ reaction ☊
reduce sth: Reduce speed now (= on a sign). ☊ reduce ☊
Giving up smoking reduces the risk of heart disease. ☊ reduce ☊
reduce sth by sth: Costs have been reduced by 20% over the past year. ☊ reduce ☊
reduce sth (from sth) (to sth): The number of employees was reduced from 40 to 25. ☊ reduce ☊
The skirt was reduced to £10 in the sale. ☊ reduce ☊
a 33% reduction in the number of hospital beds available ☊ reduction ☊
There has been some reduction in unemployment. ☊ reduction ☊
a slight/significant/substantial/drastic reduction in costs ☊ reduction ☊
The report recommends further reductions in air and noise emissions. ☊ reduction ☊
There are reductions for children sharing a room with two adults. ☊ reduction ☊
modern methods of pain relief ☊ relief ☊
Massage can bring some relief from tension. ☊ relief ☊
a decrease in the number of reported cases of AIDS ☊ report ☊
resist doing sth: The bank strongly resisted cutting interest rates. ☊ resist ☊
AIDS lowers the body's resistance to infection. ☊ resistance ☊
respond that...: When asked about the company's future, the director responded that he remained optimistic. ☊ respond ☊
The government has failed to reverse the economic decline. ☊ reverse ☊
She rose through the ranks to become managing director. ☊ rise ☊
Inflation has fallen for the third month in a row. ☊ in a row ☊
He was kept in custody for his own safety. ☊ safety ☊
Retail sales fell in November by 10%. ☊ sale ☊
a sales and marketing director ☊ sale ☊
to achieve economies of scale in production (= to produce many items so the cost of producing each one is reduced) ☊ scale ☊
a fall in share prices ☊ share ☊
a sharp drop in prices ☊ sharp ☊
Profits fell sharply following the takeover. ☊ sharply ☊
The road fell sharply to the sea. ☊ sharply ☊
Campaigners are shining a spotlight on the world's diminishing natural resources. ☊ shine ☊
The government's popularity is declining rapidly, as the opinion polls show. ☊ show ☊
Reducing prison sentences would send the wrong signals to criminals. ☊ signal ☊
The car's improved suspension gives you a smoother ride. ☊ smooth ☊
Government sources indicated yesterday that cuts may have to be made. ☊ source ☊
He reduced speed and turned sharp left. ☊ speed ☊
a fall in academic standards ☊ standard ☊
The directors are responsible for preparing the company's financial statements. ☊ statement ☊
a steady decline in numbers ☊ steady ☊
a steep decline in the birth rate ☊ steep ☊
a studio executive ☊ studio ☊
The company's profits have been substantially lower this year. ☊ substantially ☊
This diet is suited to anyone who wants to lose weight fast. ☊ suited ☊
Five suspects have been detained for questioning. ☊ suspect ☊
Use ice to reduce the swelling. ☊ swelling ☊
That cut is taking a long time to heal. ☊ take ☊
I was given some pills to take away the pain. ☊ take sth away ☊
to raise/cut taxes ☊ tax ☊
tax increases/cuts ☊ tax ☊
a fall/drop in temperature ☊ temperature ☊
temporary relief from pain ☊ temporary ☊
We laughed and that helped ease the tension. ☊ tension ☊
He faces a maximum prison/jail term of 25 years. ☊ term ☊
a drop in profits from $105 million to around $75 million ☊ to ☊
rising/falling unemployment ☊ unemployment ☊
measures to help reduce/tackle unemployment ☊ unemployment ☊
to go down/fall/drop in value ☊ value ☊
Schools are the latest victims of cuts in public spending. ☊ victim ☊
to raise/lower your voice (= to speak louder/more quietly) ☊ voice ☊
Sales volumes fell 0.2% in June. ☊ volume ☊
She is trying to lose weight (= become less heavy and less fat). ☊ weight ☊
The wind has dropped (= stopped blowing strongly). ☊ wind ☊
The increase in taxes means that we'll be £30 a month worse off than before. ☊ be worse off (than sb/sth) ☊
Prices were cut yet again (= once more, after many other times). ☊ yet ☊
The thermometer had fallen to zero. ☊ zero ☊