ill

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1800 VI 1800 ML Beginner Level Intermediate Level Advanced Level
Composite Words Listening Comprehension Oxford Topics Duolingo Topics

Deutschtrainer Level A1- A2	Deu	Eng	Vie

Glossika Sentences

Oxford 3000	Vie	Eng

Goethe-Institut	Topic	Subtopic	Deu	Eng	Vie (?)

Goethe-Institut Sentences A1	Topic	Subtopic	Deu	Ger	Eng	Vie

Goethe-Institut Sentences A2	Topic	Subtopic	Deu	Ger	Eng	Vie

Goethe-Institut Sentences B1	Deu	Ger	Eng	Vie

KET	Eng	Wordtype	Definition

PET	Eng	Wordtype	Definition

A1 Sentences	Key	Eng

A2 Sentences	Key	Eng
A2	brilliant +	very good or clever ● I can’t ride a horse, but my sister is brilliant at riding. +
A2	artist +	a person who does painting, drawing or other kinds of art ● Leonardo Da Vinci was a brilliant artist. ➣ art (n), artistic (adj) +
A2	make sure +	do sth so that you know sth will happen or sth is true ● Phone Tom to make sure he knows about the basketball game. +
A2	creative +	with a lot of skill and imagination ● Cheryl is creative and she writes unusual stories. ➣ create (v), creation (n) Adjectives amazing better brilliant busy colourful creative crowded excellent famous incredible national noisy popular rich unusual well-known well-liked Vocabulary Pages 8-9 +
A2	cry +	have tears coming from your eyes usually because you are sad ● Don’t cry. Everything will be okay. +
A2	get well +	stop feeling ill ● Get well soon! We need you in the basketball team. +
A2	gorilla +	a big African animal like a really large monkey ● Gorillas are big and strong animals and they don’t eat meat. +
A2	champion +	sb who wins a competition ● Serena Williams was a world tennis champion in 2015. +
A2	so +	very ● Bill was so surprised when he won the competition. +
A2	ill +	sick; not well ● Our teacher wasn’t at school last week because she was ill. ➣ illness (n) +
A2	still +	not stopping up to a certain time ● Dad’s aunt is ninety and she still walks ten kilometres a day. +
A2	silly +	stupid ● Don’t be silly. Dogs can’t talk! +
A2	agree +	say you think the same as sb else about sth ● I think hairy spiders are horrible. Do you agree with me? ✎ Opp: disagree Personality annoying caring cheerful friendly funny horrible intelligent kind mean shy silly sociable social Grammar Pages 22-23 +
A2	oven +	the inside part of a cooker where food is cooked ● The cakes were still in the oven when we came home. +
A2	probably +	likely to be true; likely to happen ● Jill’s probably not at home. She isn’t answering her phone. ➣ probable (adj), probability (n) +
A2	pie +	a kind of food made from pastry filled with, e.g. meat, cheese, or fruit and baked in an oven ● To finish the meal, they had tasty apple pie and ice cream. +
A2	call off +	decide that sth will not happen at the planned time because it is too difficult or not possible ● They called off the football match because of the snow. +
A2	forward +	send an email that you get from one person to another person ● Jill forwarded the email from her brother to her aunt in Edinburgh. +
A2	post +	a way of sending letters and parcels to other people ● Daniel filled in a form for his new passport and sent it by post. ➣ post (v), postal (adj) +
A2	recently +	not long before now ● Liz recently bought a new smartphone and she’s still learning how to use it. ➣ recent (adj) +
A2	afterlife +	a life that some people believe they will have after they die ● The paintings showed how ancient Egyptians imagined the afterlife to be. 36 +
A2	grammatically +	in a way that follows grammar rules ● The teacher will check your spelling and make sure your sentences are grammatically correct. +
A2	feast +	a very large meal ● The people in the village were enjoying their last big feast before Lent. ➣ feast (v) +
A2	vacuum +	clean the floor with an electric cleaner ● Who will vacuum the floor after the party? ➣ vacuum (n) +
A2	till +	a machine that has a drawer where sb puts the money you pay for sth in a shop ● There are always alot of people waiting at the till in the supermarket at weekends. +
A2	cashier +	sb who works at the till in a shop, bank, etc. ● The cashiers at this bank are not always very friendly when Mum goes to pay her bills. 46 +
A2	product +	sth that is grown or made for selling ● All the products in the village shop come from farms in the area. ➣ produce (v), producer (n), production (n), productive (adj) Shopping & Money Verbs borrow lend pay rent spend make money save money Nouns cash cashier customer dollar product receipt shelf till trolley Containers & Quantity bar can carton loaf piece slice tin +
A2	prediction +	what sb says will happen in the future ● Karen didn’t believe Roger’s prediction that the team would win the match. ➣ predict (v), predictable (adj) +
A2	still water +	drinking water that is not fizzy ● I think still water is a more healthy drink than sparkling water. +
A2	takeaway +	a meal that you can collect at a restaurant to eat somewhere else ● We were too tired to cook, so we ordered a takeaway. Drinks Americano cappuccino espresso latte sparkling water still water Writing Pages 52-53 +
A2	hunt +	the action of trying to find sth/sb; the act of looking for sth/sb to catch or kill ● This year, our teacher planned an Easter egg hunt for the class and I found one egg. ➣ hunt (v), hunter (n) +
A2	healthy +	well and not getting ill easily ● Gordon keeps healthy by eating carefully and going for long walks. ➣ health (n), healthily (adv) ✎ Opp: unhealthy +
A2	running water +	water that comes straight from a tap ● Dad’s grandparents in the village didn’t have running water when they were young. +
A2	wood stove +	a device that burns wood for heating or cooking ● The air was filled with the smell of smoke from the wood stoves. +
A2	chill out +	relax ● Steven listens to music with his friends to chill out. Reading Pages 58-59 +
A2	wardrobe +	a cupboard to hang clothes in ● Millie’s room looked tidy because she quickly put everything into the wardrobe. +
A2	villa +	a large house, usually with a garden ● It’s my dream to live in a villa with a big garden. +
A2	shed +	a small building where you can keep things in ● Ian keeps his bicycle in the garden shed. Homes & Buildings cottage garage ger houseboat igloo shed villa +
A2	pillow +	a cloth bag filled with sth soft that you use to rest your head on in bed ● Jake lay down resting his head on the pillow and went to sleep. +
A2	ideal +	perfect for a certain purpose ● The hotel was in an ideal place close to the sea. ➣ ideally (adj) Phrasal Verbs chill out grow up put away put up pull up switch on/off hang up Grammar Pages 62-63 +
A2	possession +	the state of having sth ● The bank took possession of the Smiths’ house because they couldn’t pay their bills. ➣ possess (v) +
A2	pay attention +	take care to do sth carefully; listen to or watch sb carefully ● Your writing will get better if you pay attention to spelling and grammar. 57 +
A2	drawer +	sth like a box that you can pull out and close for keeping things in that is a part of a desk, cupboard, etc. ● Len put his socks away in the drawer. Furniture & Furnishings blanket blinds bookshelf curtain dining table drawer pillow poster rug towel wardrobe Speaking Page 65 +
A2	cancel +	say that sth planned will not happen ● They cancelled the football match because of the snow. ➣ cancellation (adj) +
A2	I’m afraid +	a polite way to say you’re sorry about sth ● I’m afraid I’ll have to cancel my party because I’m ill. Machines & Devices air conditioner cart cooker freezer fridge key lawnmower printer satellite dish solar panel tap tool tumble dryer washing machine wood stove Video 5 The Horse Nomads of Mongolia Page 68 +
A2	represent +	be a symbol that means sth ● The sign above the door represents Heracles and the lion that he killed in Nemea. ✎ Syn: symbolise +
A2	tub +	a bathtub ● After his long run, Kevin filled the tub with hot water and had a relaxing hot bath. Word Focus Page 70 +
A2	locked +	closed by using a key ● The killer broke the window to get into the house because the doors were locked. ➣ lock (v, n), locker (n) +
A2	far +	not near ● There were two small hotels at the far side of the village. ➣ far (adv) +
A2	kill +	to end the life of sb/sth ● The robbers killed a lot of people on their way out of the bank. ➣ killer (n) +
A2	evil +	very bad to others ● The evil prince killed his brother and became king. ➣ evil (n) +
A2	haunted +	that people say has ghosts inside ● At the top of the hill is a haunted castle where the prince killed his sons. ➣ haunt (v) Vocabulary Pages 72-73 +
A2	petrol station +	a place where you stop to put petrol, etc. in a car ● They were lucky to find a petrol station open in a village after driving so many miles. +
A2	fill up +	make sth full ● The walking group stopped to fill up their water bottles at the tap by the road. +
A2	come down with +	become ill because of ● I feel awful because I’ve come down with a cold. +
A2	flu +	an illness like a bad cold with headaches, fever and pains, etc. ● All the students in my class had the flu last month. +
A2	medicine +	sth you drink or eat to make you well when you’re ill ● The doctor told Tim to take his medicine every eight hours. +
A2	bill +	sth that shows an amount you have to pay for things or a service ● Has Sandra paid her electricity bill yet? +
A2	get to +	arrive at ● The train got to the station at six o’clock. Phrasal Verbs get off get on get to run away run out of put on look for break down work out come down with sell out fill up take up +
A2	contrast +	a clear difference between two things ● There is a big contrast between our quiet village and the centre of London. ➣ contrast (v) +
A2	app +	a piece of software on a smartphone ● This app is useful to see what the weather will be like. +
A2	teddy +	a toy bear ● Mum still has a very old teddy that she had when she was a baby. +
A2	exactly +	used to ask for more details ● Where exactly will I wait for you? ➣ exact (adj) 69 +
A2	administrator +	sb who organises things in a company ● Susan is an administrator in the university office and she organises the bills that students pay. +
A2	turbine +	a machine that liquid or wind goes through to give power ● There are three wind turbines on the hill above our village to make electricity. +
A2	skill +	sth you are good at ● Molly is learning new painting skills in her art class. ➣ skilful (adj) +
A2	baking +	preparing food and then cooking it in an oven ● The smell of fresh home baking filled the air when we reached grandma’s cottage. ➣ bake (v), baker (n), baked (adj) +
A2	controller +	a small device for controlling moves in a computer/video game ● This robot will do whatever you like when you move the controller. ➣ control (v, n) +
A2	hiking +	the activity of going for long walks in the countryside ● Chris goes hiking in the hills around Athens once a month. ➣ hike (v, n), hiker (n) +
A2	snowboarding +	the sport/activity of riding a board on snow down a hill ● Did you know that snowboarding is a sport in the Winter Olympics? ➣ snowboard (v, n), snowboarder (n) +
A2	audience +	the people who watch a performance in a cinema or theatre ● The audience were thrilled when the lead singer came down off the stage to sing among them. +
A2	offer +	say you will do sth; say you can give sth to sb ● Clive has offered to help carrying the band’s equipment. ➣ offer (n) +
A2	for sale +	ready for you to buy ● There were some snacks and drinks for sale at the exhibition. People audience DJ participant performer skateboarder Places circus course desert hill stage Scotland Taiwan the Highlands Video 7 Mechanical Lizard Car Page 94 +
A2	hill +	an area of land like a small mountain ● It wasn’t easy to ride our bikes up the hill. ➣ hilly (adj) +
A2	hold +	have sth in your hand (or arms) ● The gorilla picked up her baby and held it gently in her arms. 80 +
A2	steep +	this describes a slope that goes up or down very quickly ● I had to get off my bicycle and push it up the steep hill. +
A2	drill +	a way to learn sth by doing it many times ● Once a year, we do an earthquake drill at school to practise what we would do if it really happened. ➣ drill (v) +
A2	preview +	a performance for a few people before a film, play or show opens for the general public ● The reporters who attended the theatre preview said the actors gave a brilliant performance. ➣ preview (v) +
A2	brochure +	a small magazine with pictures and information about sth ● Jill brought home some holiday brochures to choose where to go this year. +
A2	bullfighting +	the activity of killing bulls in front of an audience ● Bullfighting was popular in ancient times, but many people believe it’s wrong now. ➣ bullfighter (n), bullfight (n) +
A2	war +	a long period of fighting between countries or groups ● Millions of lives were lost during the First World War between 1914 and 1918. ➣ warring (adj), warrior (n) +
A2	due to +	because of ● The bus couldn’t get to the village due to the snow on the road. +
A2	button +	a small round or square part of sth that you press to make sth work ● When you push this button, the door will open. +
A2	catch up +	reach others who are in front of you or at a higher level ● Sam is doing extra homework to catch up with the lessons that he missed when he was ill. +
A2	lifejacket +	a small plastic jacket that you fill with air to keep you up in the sea ● The island beach was covered with lifejackets from the people who arrived on the boats. +
A2	electric +	that produces a sense of thrilling excitement; that works with electricity ● The actor gave an electric performance of Hamlet. ➣ electrical (adj), electricity (n) +
A2	thrilled +	very excited ● I was thrilled to hear the result of the match. ➣ thrill (v, n), thrilling (adj) +
A2	upset +	unhappy and worried ● Ken was feeling ill and he was really upset about not being able to run in the marathon. ➣ upset (v), upsetting (adj) +
A2	ceremony +	a traditional event where people do things in a special way ● They had their wedding ceremony in a small village by the sea. ➣ ceremonial (adj) Adjectives & Adverbs amazed confident disappointed electric equal fascinating gentle independent rubber secure thrilled unbelievable upset brilliantly easily forever originally truly Video 8 A Muni Adventure Page 106 +
A2	endurance +	being able to do sth difficult for a long time without getting too tired ● Mountain climbing needs skills and endurance because you can’t stop when you’re half way up or down. ➣ endure (v) +
A2	waterfall +	a place where a river falls down from high rocks ● Hundreds of pretty little waterfalls flow down the steep hills into Loch Lomond in Scotland. +
A2	lagoon +	a lake of salt water that is cut off from the sea ● The beautiful lagoon was filled with colourful sea birds looking for fish. Word Focus Page 111 +
A2	population +	the number of people who live in an area ● The UK has a population of over 65 million and the number is growing every day. ➣ populate (v) +
A2	safari park +	a place where wild animals live and walk around safely while visitors can drive through to watch them from their vehicles ● Don’t feed the animals when you drive through the safari park because the wrong food could make them ill. +
A2	travel agent +	sb who makes arrangements for people to travel, e.g. organising tours, tickets, accommodation ● A good travel agent will find you the best rooms at the best prices in the area where you want to go. ➣ travel agency (n) +
A2	holiday resort +	a place where many people go on holiday ● The quiet fishing village of Benitses changed completely when it became a popular holiday resort. 100 Accommodation all-inclusive bed and breakfast campsite caravan caravan park chalet holiday resort +
A2	politely +	in a polite way ● If you ask Joe politely, he will lend you his bike. ➣ politeness (v), polite (adj) ✎ Opp: impolitely +
A2	take place +	happen ● When will the concert take place? Speaking Page 117 +
A2	empty +	with nothing/nobody inside ● The village streets are usually empty in the afternoon when the local people have their afternoon sleep. ➣ empty (v), emptiness (n) +
A2	enjoyable +	that you will enjoy ● The walk around the lake was an enjoyable experience. ➣ enjoy (v), enjoyment (n) +
A2	funicular railway +	a railway that goes up and down a steep hillside on a track by using strong metal ropes to pull the carriages ● The hill was too steep to climb quickly, so we went up on the funicular railway. Reading Page 122 +
A2	pick sb up +	collect sb (e.g. to take them with you in your car) ● The taxi will be here to pick us up in half an hour. +
A2	lowlands +	an area of land that has low hills and flat valleys ● Dylan has a sheep farm in the lowlands of Wales near the English border. ➣ lowland (adj), lowlander (n) +
A2	death +	the state of being dead; the time that sb dies ● After the death of Agamemnon, one of his killers, Aegistheus, became King of Mycenae. ➣ die (v), dead (adj) +
A2	local +	connected to one area ● The local bus stops at every village on the island. ➣ localise (v), local (n) +
A2	expect +	wait for sth that you think will happen ● I didn’t expect to see you at the library. I thought you didn’t like reading books. ➣ expectation (n) +
A2	weather forecast +	a description of how sb says the weather will be the next few days ● We should check the weather forecast before we go hiking. 11 117 +
A2	snowy +	with a lot of snow ● The snowy hills looked beautiful from the distance. ➣ snow (v, n) +
A2	serious +	with a bad effect; causing problems or danger ● There was a serious accident on the street and a famous singer was killed. ➣ seriousness (n), seriously (adv) +
A2	atmosphere +	all the gases in the air around the earth ● The atmosphere was filled with dust from the desert storm. ➣ atmospheric (adj), atmospherically (adv) +
A2	overfishing +	taking too many fish out of the sea so that there are not many left ● If overfishing doesn’t stop, many species of fish will die out. ➣ overfish (v) +
A2	chemical +	sth made using a scientific process ● Some of the chemicals used to kill insects on farms can be bad for our health. ➣ chemical (adj) +
A2	waste +	throw away sth that you don’t want which could still be useful ● If we stop wasting energy, we could help the environment and save money. ➣ waste (n), wasteful (adj), wastefully (adv) +

B1 Sentences	Key	Eng
B1	topography +	the physical features of an area of land, with the position of its rivers, mountains, etc ● This map shows the topography of the area and where the lakes, rivers, hills and mountains are. ➣ topographical (adj) +
B1	view +	look at sth ● Viewed from the top of the hill, the house looks really small. ➣ view, viewer (n) Reading page 6 +
B1	stimulant +	sth that makes the mind or body more active ● Coffee is a stimulant and will help you stay awake. ➣ stimulate (v), stimulation (n) +
B1	highlight +	make noticeable ● If you highlight the main points in the book in yellow, it will be easier to revise afterwards. ➣ highlighter (n) +
B1	focus (on) +	concentrate on ● ‘In the lesson today we will focus on colour in nature,’ said the biology teacher. ➣ focus (n) +
B1	sleeping pill +	medicine which helps you sleep ● If you can’t sleep, try taking a sleeping pill. +
B1	consume +	eat ● If you consume plenty of vegetables, your health will improve. ➣ consumer, consumption (n) +
B1	belief +	a feeling that sth is true ● It is my belief that you will be famous because you are very talented. ➣ believe (v) ✎ Opp: disbelief +
B1	peer +	sb who is the same age as you and does the same things ● If you have a problem, it’s easiest to ask your peers for advice as they will understand how you feel. +
B1	easy-going +	not easily upset, annoyed or worried ● John will do whatever we want to do; he’s very easy-going, you know. +
B1	challenge +	sth that tests your strength, skill or ability ● If you are bored, you need a challenge like learning a new language. ➣ challenge (v) +
B1	stand out +	be noticeable ● That bright green dress will make you stand out at the party! Adjective endings -ic specific synthetic -ous ambitious religious suspicious -al original -ive aggressive attractive supportive -ing caring easy-going -ful thoughtful -y nasty skinny sporty trustworthy -ed ashamed associated based cold blooded delighted depressed varied -ble sociable stable visible Use your English page 13 +
B1	save time +	be quicker ● If we catch the train instead of the bus, it will be quicker and save time. +
B1	keep in touch +	talk or write to sb ● William moved to Canada but he keeps in touch with his friends by email. +
B1	get engaged +	promise to marry sb ● Fred got engaged to Lily last week and they will get married in the summer. +
B1	share +	your part of sth ● My share of the bill for dinner came to 25 euros. +
B1	relating to +	about or connected with ● ‘We will only answer questions relating to the accident,’ the detective said. +
B1	wipe out +	kill; destroy ● Many animals have been wiped out by hunters and no longer exist. +
B1	epidemic +	If there is an epidemic of a particular disease somewhere, it spreads quickly to a very large number of people there. ● Last winter there was a flu epidemic and thousands of people became ill. +
B1	disease +	an illness ● Many diseases of the past can now be cured. +
B1	lie +	be located in a particular place ● The small fishing village lies on the south coast of Santorini. +
B1	approximately +	almost exactly ● The dinosaurs died out approximately 65 million years ago. ➣ approximate (adj) +
B1	abandon +	leave a place or thing permanently or for a long time ● The villagers abandoned their houses when the fire got dangerously near. +
B1	migration +	movement to another place to find a better life ● The migration of people from villages to cities has led to cities becoming overpopulated. ➣ migrate (v), migrant (n) +
B1	warfare +	the activity of fighting in a war ● Modern warfare can result in millions of deaths. +
B1	illusion +	sth we see that seems to be real but actually isn’t ● When it is very hot , the road in the distance looks wet, but that is just an illusion. +
B1	practical joke +	a trick that is intended to give sb a surprise or to make them look silly ● I heard a noise downstairs and thought it was a ghost, but it was my brother playing a practical joke on me. +
B1	come forward +	offer help or information ● Nobody came forward with any information about the accident. Strange but true? bizarre clue crop circle illusion legend phenomenon spirit Grammar page 21 +
B1	avalanche +	lots of snow which falls down the side of a mountain ● The village was destroyed by an avalanche which came down from the mountain. Nature avalanche cave drought mud rainforest riverbank vine volcanic eruption Speaking page 23 +
B1	adjust (to) +	get used to sth by changing the way you think or behave ● If you make some friends, you will soon adjust to living in a new town. ➣ adjustment (n) ✎ Syn: adapt (to) +
B1	thrilling +	very exciting and enjoyable ● The most thrilling moment of my life was when I bought my first car. ➣ thrill (v, n), thrilled (adj) +
B1	thrilled +	delighted ● Little Bobby was thrilled to get a toy spaceship for his birthday. ➣ thrill (v, n), thrilling (adj) +
B1	chilled +	very frightened ● He was chilled when he suddenly saw a shadow on the wall. ➣ chill (v, n), chilling (adj) +
B1	optical illusion +	sth that tricks your eyes and makes you think you can see sth which isn’t there ● The circles in this drawing appear to move, but that's just an optical illusion. +
B1	by mistake +	accidentally ● She dropped the old vase by mistake, but the archaeologist was still furious. +
B1	doubtful +	not certain ● It is doubtful if anyone is still alive after the building collapsed but rescue teams are still searching. ➣ doubt (v, n) Unit Opener page 31 +
B1	dementia +	a serious illness of the mind, especially in old people ● Grandma has got dementia and she often forgets who we are. +
B1	average +	a number or amount calculated by adding several amounts together and then dividing the total by the number of amounts ● Most people live to about 80 years old, but the average in this remote village is 95. ➣ average (adj) +
B1	chop +	cut with an axe ● We will need to chop a lot of wood because it’s going to be a cold winter. +
B1	affect +	make sth change in a particular way ● The decisions you make now will affect your future. Vocabulary page 34 +
B1	vaccination +	sth given to you to prevent you from getting a disease ● You will need some vaccinations before you go to Africa so that you don’t get ill. ➣ vaccinate (v) +
B1	treadmill +	an exercise machine you walk or run on ● How many kilometres did you do on the treadmill at the gym today? +
B1	tablet +	a pill ● If you have a headache, take two of these tablets and it will go away. +
B1	recover +	get better from an illness ● Grandpa has recovered from his bad cold and now he feels as fit as a fiddle. ➣ recovery (n) +
B1	reject +	refuse to accept or agree with sth ● I told the teacher I had been too ill to do my homework, but he rejected what I said as a lie. ➣ rejection (n) +
B1	physically +	to do with the body ● If you take up a sport, you will feel better physically. ➣ physical (adj) +
B1	fever +	when your body is too hot because you are ill ● She had a high fever and had to stay in bed. +
B1	nourishing +	providing good nutrition ● This nourishing meal will give me a lot of energy. ➣ nourish (v) +
B1	treat +	try to make a sick person better by using medicine, hospital care, etc ● Don’t worry. The doctor will treat that burn. ➣ treatment (n) +
B1	remedy +	a medicine to cure an illness or pain ● Hot tea with lemon and honey is my mum’s remedy for a cold. +
B1	flu +	an illness that makes you feel tired and weak, makes you cough and gives you a sore throat ● If you've got the flu, you should stay in bed. ✎ NB: flu is the abbreviated form of influenza +
B1	treatment +	medical attention given to sb who is ill ● The treatment for pneumonia is antibiotics. ➣ treat (v) Listening page 36 +
B1	dizzy +	feeling that you can't stand steadily, for example because you are ill ● He felt dizzy after he hit his head so he went to the hospital. ➣ dizziness (n) +
B1	memorable +	which can be remembered easily; unforgettable ● My first day at work was a memorable experience and I will never forget it. ➣ memory (n) +
B1	harm +	hurt; damage ● Eating too much food will harm you and make you put on weight. ➣ harm (n), harmful (adj) +
B1	come down with +	get ill ● I can’t go out with you. I’ve come down with a cold again. +
B1	recovery +	getting better after an illness or injury ● His recovery from the flu took two weeks but he’s better at last. ➣ recover (v) +
B1	resistance +	a person's natural ability to stop getting ill ● People who eat badly have less resistance to disease and get ill more easily. ➣ resist (v) +
B1	fight off +	prevent sth from happening ● Since I started exercising I’ve been able to fight off illness much better. +
B1	last, but not least +	used to emphasise that the last person or thing in a list is still important ● A healthy diet, exercise and a good home are important to a child. And last, but not least, there's love. +
B1	prevention is better than cu +	it is better to avoid getting ill than to try and get better after you have become ill ● Wash your hands before you eat or you might get ill. Prevention is better than cure. +
B1	bug +	an illness; a bacteria or virus that causes an illness ● Sue caught a bug and she has to stay in bed. Feeling unwell bug common cold dizzy flu infection runny nose sneeze sniffles sore throat stressed under the weather wound Video: The Science of Stress page 42 +
B1	optimism +	a tendency to believe that good things will happen ● I wish I shared her optimism about the future! ➣ optimistic (adj) ✎ Opp: pessimism +
B1	commercialise +	sell sth new to the public for the first time ● If space travel is commercialised, people will buy tickets to go to space. ➣ commercial (adj) +
B1	run +	work ● He stopped the car, but the engine was still running. +
B1	innovation +	a new idea or invention ● I think technological innovations will make life easier in the future. ➣ innovative (adj) +
B1	surveillance camera +	a camera that records everything that happens in a place ● Surveillance cameras were used in the shop to deter thieves. +
B1	visionary +	having the ability to imagine what sth will be like in the future ● HG Wells was a visionary author who wrote about space travel long before it was possible. ➣ vision (n) +
B1	structure +	the way in which the parts of sth are connected and form a whole ● We are studying the structure of the human body at school. ➣ structural (adj) Machines and equipment appliance cooker device gadget hardware sat nav surveillance camera tool vacuum cleaner video games console Speaking page 49 +
B1	security alarm +	equipment that makes a loud noise when sb enters a place illegally, when there is danger, etc ● Our hotel room had its own security alarm! +
B1	application +	a formal request for sth such as a job or place at university ● She filled in an application for a job at the factory. ➣ apply (v), applicant (n) +
B1	blast off +	leave the ground and head for space ● The Space Shuttle blasted off yesterday and will return to Earth in a week. ➣ blast-off (n) +
B1	regarding +	concerning ● Regarding space travel for the general public, I think it will be too expensive for most people. +
B1	constructive +	useful and helpful ● The teacher's constructive criticism will help us do better next time. +
B1	in advance +	before a particular time ● The boss thanked his staff in advance for being willing to work the following weekend. +
B1	resource +	sth such as land, water, oil or coal that exists in a country and can be used to increase its wealth ● What will humans do when the Earth’s resources run out? +
B1	megawatt +	one million watts (watt = a unit for measuring electrical power) ● The solar power plant produces 17.3 megawatts per hour. +
B1	path (to) +	a number of actions that will help sb do or achieve sth ● He sees that job as his path to success. +
B1	fortune +	a lot of money and possessions ● Many Hollywood actors are paid millions of dollars and quickly make a fortune. +
B1	valuable +	worth a lot of money ● This painting by Picasso is very valuable and will be sold for millions of euros. ➣ value (n, v) +
B1	worship +	love and admire sb very much ● It’s silly to worship celebrities because I don’t think they do anything important. ➣ worship (n) +
B1	benefit +	If you benefit from sth, you are helped by it in some way. ● Bill benefited from the advice his father gave him about money. ➣ benefit (n), beneficial (adj) +
B1	conference +	a large meeting when people with the same interests or jobs come together to discuss ● There will be a three-day conference at the hotel next week. Listening page 62 +
B1	willingness +	when you want to do sth ● Her willingness to learn is amazing! ➣ will (n), willing (adj) +
B1	drop out (of) +	leave a school or university before you have finished your course ● If you drop out of school at 16, you will regret it. +
B1	go on (to do sth) +	continue or move to the next thing ● Will Smith started out as a singer and went on to become an accomplished actor. Use your English page 65 +
B1	founder +	sb who establishes an organisation, a school, etc ● Paul Allen and Bill Gates are the founders of the company Microsoft. ➣ found (v) +
B1	get on in life +	be successful ● Hard work and a pleasant personality will help you to get on in life. +
B1	attend +	go to an event ● I am attending classes to learn some first aid skills. ➣ attendance (n) +
B1	live up to one’s expectation +	be as good as sb hopes ● I thought the film would be funny, but it didn’t live up to my expectations; it was silly. +
B1	journal +	a diary ● Every day my grandma writes in her journal, and one day she says she will let me read it. +
B1	fracture +	broken bone ● The doctor said the fracture in my arm isn’t very bad and will heal in a month. ➣ fracture (v) +
B1	hunter +	sb who chases and kills wild animals ● The hunters chased and killed the red deer. ➣ hunt (v, n) +
B1	virus +	a very small living thing that causes illnesses ● He caught a virus at school and has got a very high fever. +
B1	plot +	a secret plan to do sth wrong ● A plot to kill Che Guevara succeeded in 1967. ➣ plot (v) +
B1	hang +	kill sb by dropping them with a rope around their neck ● Criminals are no longer hanged in the UK because the death sentence has been abolished. ➣ hanging (n) +
B1	theorise +	think about sth and suggest an explanation for it ● The detective theorised that the victim knew his killer ➣ theory (n), theoretical (adj) +
B1	exceptional +	excellent ● The meal was exceptional and I will recommend the restaurant to my friends. ➣ exception (n) +
B1	time capsule +	a container with objects from a particular time so that people in the future will know what life was like then ● We wrote letters about our lives and put them in a time capsule to be opened in fifty years from now. +
B1	survivor +	sb who is still alive after an event or situation that could have killed them ● It was a terrible accident. There were no survivors. ➣ survive (v), survival (n) Video: Giza Pyramids page 80 +
B1	consist (of) +	be formed from two or more things ● This book consists of ten chapters and twenty illustrations. +
B1	derail +	make a train come off the tracks ● Bad weather derailed the train and three people were killed. ➣ derailment (n) +
B1	pyroclastic +	hot gas, lava and rock that comes out of a volcano and flows down its side at great speed ● The pyroclastic flow was so fast that it killed more than 25 people. +
B1	take sb/sth along for the ri +	force sb or sth to come with you unwillingly ● When the river overflowed, it took the ducks along for the ride. +
B1	deadly +	which can kill ● The deadly hurricane killed thousands of people. ➣ die (v), death (n), dead (adj) +
B1	victim +	sb who is hurt or killed ● The victims of the train accident were taken to hospital. +
B1	casualty +	sb who is hurt or killed in an accident or war ● There was a powerful earthquake and there were thousands of casualties. +
B1	tusk +	one of the two long pointed teeth that come out of the mouth of some animals ● It is illegal to kill elephants for their tusks, but hunters still do it. +
B1	in the wild +	in natural surroundings ● There are only a few tigers still alive in the wild. +
B1	massive +	enormous ● The massive earthquake caused a tsunami which killed thousands of people. ✎ Opp: tiny +
B1	barometric pressure +	force of the air around the earth ● The barometric pressure is high today so the weather will be fine. +
B1	functional +	working correctly ● He dropped the compass but it didn’t break and is still functional. ➣ function (v, n) +
B1	arrest +	If the police arrest sb, they take them to a police station because they think the person has done sth illegal ● How many hooligans were arrested after the football game? ➣ arrest (n) +
B1	annually +	once a year ● Payment will be made annually. ➣ annual (adj) +
B1	bill +	a piece of paper that shows how much money you must pay for sth ● I always pay the phone bill οn time. +
B1	aware +	If you are aware of sth, you notice it or you know it exists. ● Are you aware of the fact that films can cost millions of dollars to make? ➣ awareness (n) ✎ Opp: unaware +
B1	note +	say; point out ● He noted that my photography skills were improving. +
B1	fortune +	luck ● We were hungry and it was very late, but we had the good fortune to find a restaurant in the village. ➣ fortunate (adj) +
B1	craft +	a profession for which you need a special skill ● As a film director, he is very proud of his craft and wants all his work to be perfect. +
B1	candidate +	sb who is being considered for a job ● There are three candidates for this job, but only one will get it. +
B1	indefinitely +	for an unknown length of time ● The company has closed indefinitely and we don’t know if it will open again. ➣ indefinite (adj) +
B1	volunteer +	sb who works willingly and without payment ● Many people were volunteers for the Olympic Games. ➣ volunteer (v), voluntary (adj) +
B1	qualification +	If you have a qualification, you have passed an exam to show you have skill or knowledge in a subject ● What qualifications do you need for this job? ➣ qualify (v), qualified (adj) +
B1	give sb your word +	promise sb that you will do sth ● You have to help her. You gave her your word. +
B1	make an effort +	try ● If you want to learn another language, you will have to make an effort and study regularly. +
B1	part-time +	for only part of the day or week in which people work ● She’s still at college, so she only works part-time. ➣ part-time (adj) +
B1	skilled +	having the training and experience necessary to do sth well ● The furniture was made by skilled craftsmen and is very good. ➣ skill (n) ✎ Opp: unskilled +
B1	potential +	the possibility that something will develop in a certain way ● Katy has the potential to become a wonderful painter. ➣ potential (adj) +
B1	never mind +	used to tell sb not to worry about sth ● Never mind the desert, we will soon see the Pyramids. +
B1	chilly +	unpleasantly cold ● As the evening had got chilly, she put on her scarf to keep warm. ➣ chill (n) +
B1	light up +	fill with light ● The Northern Lights lit up the sky with beautiful colours. +
B1	fossil fuel +	a fuel like coal or oil ● If fossil fuels run out, we will have to find other sources of energy. +
B1	off the beaten track +	A place that is off the beaten track is not well known and relatively few people visit it. ● They visited a lovely village off the beaten track. +
B1	range +	a line of hills or mountains ● The Andes are a very high mountain range in South America. +
B1	itinerary +	list of the places you will visit on holiday ● The guide gave us the itinerary and we saw that on the first day we would visit Plaka. +
B1	holidaymaker +	a tourist ● In the summer, the islands fill with holidaymakers. +
B1	notorious +	famous for a bad reason ● Jack the Ripper was a notorious criminal who killed women in London over a hundred years ago. ➣ notoriety (n) +
B1	insurance company +	company that you buy insurance from which will pay you if sth is stolen or broken ● When her house was broken into, her insurance company paid her the cost of the stolen items. +
B1	weapon +	an object like a knife or gun used to hurt or kill ● The weapon used to kill the victim was a large kitchen knife. +
B1	pensioner +	sb who has retired and receives an amount of money regularly from the government or a company ● Next month Fred will retire after 35 years of work and become a pensioner. ➣ pension (n) +
B1	guilty +	having done sth illegal ● He was found guilty and sent to prison for four years. ➣ guilt (n) ✎ Opp: innocent +
B1	innocent +	not having done anything wrong or illegal ● I didn’t steal the money! I’m innocent! ➣ innocence (n) ✎ Opp: guilty +
B1	lawyer +	sb who represents people in court ● You will need a lawyer if you want to go to court over the car crash. ➣ law (n) +
B1	life sentence +	a punishment by which sb spends the rest of their life in prison ● He was given a life sentence for killing his wife. +
B1	the blues +	a slow sad style of music that comes from the southern US ● No one sang the blues like the singer Billie Holiday. +
B1	forged +	If sth is forged, it is copied illegally to make people think it is real. ● He was arrested at the airport for trying to leave the country with a forged passport. ➣ forgery (n) Listening page 140 +
B1	disabled +	having an illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult to do things other people do ● The court house had special entrances and other facilities for disabled people. ➣ disability (n) +
B1	under arrest +	When sb is under arrest, the police take them to a police station and keep them there because they believe that person has done sth illegal. ● ‘Stop! You’re under arrest!’ the police officer told the man. +
B1	reality +	what is actually true, not what is imagined to be ● The reality of the situation is that unless the police patrol this area regularly, burglaries will continue to occur. ➣ real (adj) +
B1	legally +	allowed by law ● If you have a driving licence, you can legally drive a car. ➣ legal (adj) ✎ Opp: illegally +
B1	poaching +	illegally catching or killing animals ● Poaching has led to many animals becoming endangered. ➣ poach (v), poacher (n) +
B1	laughable +	silly ● His attempt to play the piano was laughable. ➣ laugh (v, n) +
B1	appeal (to) +	be attractive or interesting to sb ● We need a product that will appeal to young people. ➣ appeal (n) +
B1	silkworm +	a caterpillar which makes silk thread ● Monks brought silkworms to Greece from China and started the silk industry in Soufli. +
B1	cocoon +	a silk cover that some insects make to protect themselves ● When caterpillars come out of their cocoons, they have turned into butterflies. +
B1	affect +	make sb or sth change in a particular way ● What he has to say will not affect my decision. +
B1	loom +	a machine on which thread is woven into cloth ● The old villager made a beautiful carpet on her loom. +
B1	refine +	improve a method, plan, etc by making small changes to it ● That's a good design, but if you can refine it, it will be prefect. +

B2 Sentences	Key	Eng
B2	tolerance +	willingness to accept the things people do or say even if you do not agree with them ● Tolerance is important if we want to live together peacefully. ➣ tolerant (adj), tolerate (v) ✎ Opp: intolerance +
B2	willingness +	not minding doing sth; not objecting to doing sth ● I appreciate your willingness to help, but I can do the work by myself. ➣ willing (adj), willingly (adv) +
B2	climate change +	changing global weather patterns ● Scientists predict that climate change will cause difficult weather conditions for the world in the future. +
B2	belief +	a feeling that sth is true ● It is my belief that the climate will change our lives this century. ➣ believe (v) ✎ Opp: disbelief +
B2	windmill +	a tall building with sails that turn as the wind blows ● There are windmills on the island of Mykonos. +
B2	homeland +	native country ● I live abroad, but one day I will return to my homeland. +
B2	elect +	If people elect sb, they choose a person to represent them by voting. ● The people of the village elected Mrs Browne as mayor. ➣ election (n) +
B2	spill +	If you spill a liquid, it accidentally flows over the edge of its container. ● I spilt coffee all over the cream-coloured carpet. +
B2	require +	need ● This job requires good computing skills. ➣ requirement (n) +
B2	cancel +	call off; decide that sth will not take place ● The concert was cancelled because the lead singer was sick. ➣ cancellation (n) +
B2	illuminate +	light up; decorate with lights ● The Parthenon isilluminated at night. ➣ illumination (n) Grammar page 24 +
B2	relief +	If you feel relief from pain, you no longer feel pain. ● Take some aspirin; it will give you relief from your headache. ➣ relieve (v) +
B2	heir +	the person who takes sb’s place or title when that person dies ● Prince Charles is the heir to the British throne and will become king when his mother dies. +
B2	orbit +	move around a planet, moon or sun ● A new satellite has been launched and will orbit Earth for the next ten years. ➣ orbit (n) +
B2	murder +	the crime of killing a person ● The murder of John Lennon shocked the world. ➣ murder (v), murderer (n) +
B2	commit suicide +	kill yourself ● It is said that Marilyn Monroe committed suicide. However, some people think she didn’t actually kill herself, but was murdered. +
B2	guarantee +	promise sth ● With Jose Mourinho as coach, I guarantee that the team will win the championship. ➣ guarantee (n) +
B2	PR +	public relations; explaining to the public what an organisation does so that they will approve of it ● Ronald deals with the celebrity’s PR and talksto the press for him. +
B2	agent +	sb who represents sb else and helps them find work ● The first thing you must do is get an agent who will find acting work for you. ➣ agency (n) +
B2	by all accounts +	according to a lot of people ● By all accounts, he is an unpleasant man, but I will decide when I meet him. +
B2	audition +	give a short performance so that sb can judge if you are good enough to act in a play, sing in a concert etc ● You will have to audition for the role. ➣ audition (n) +
B2	retire +	stop working because you have reached a certain age ● In the UK, people will have to retire at the age of 67 instead of 65. ➣ retirement (n), retired (adj) +
B2	discrimination +	when you treat sb or a group of people differently, usually in a worse way, than others ● We need laws that will help stop discrimination against the elderly. ➣ discriminate (v) +
B2	resident +	sb who lives in a particular place ● The residents of the village got cut off by snow last winter. ➣ reside (v), residence (n) +
B2	victim +	a person or thing that is hurt, killed or damaged by sb or sth ● Unfortunately, the victim died two hours after the attack. +
B2	squatter +	sb who lives in a building illegally ● When they got back from their long holiday in the United States, they found that squatters were living in their house. ➣ squat (v) +
B2	charm +	sth that makes people like a person or place ● The town still has its traditional charm. ➣ charm (v), charming (adj) Use your English page 51 +
B2	ghost town +	a town that used to have people in it, but now has very few or none ● After the war, many places became ghost towns because the residents had been killed. +
B2	cease +	stop ● Unless we start using sustainable energy, our way of life will cease to exist as we run out of power. +
B2	challenge +	sth that tests strength, skill or ability ● Your first job will be a challenge because it is difficult. ➣ challenge (v), challenging (adj) +
B2	fossil fuel +	a substance like coal or oil that was formed underground millions of years ago and is used to create energy ● We are dependent on fossil fuels to provide power for our modern lifestyles. +
B2	bucket +	a round container with handles for holding liquid ● Fill this bucket with water and wash the windows. +
B2	uninhibited +	confident or relaxed enough to do what you want to ● He paints in an uninhibited way and does not worry about what people will think. ✎ Opp: inhibited +
B2	deal +	agreement ● You will need a record deal if you want to make a career out of music. ➣ deal (v) +
B2	degrade +	decay; separate into smaller pieces ● A telescope that degrades in orbit will break into many pieces. ➣ degradation (n) +
B2	miss +	not go somewhere or do sth ● He missed the chance to go on the museum trip because he was ill. +
B2	idiot +	a stupid person; sb who does sth silly ● I was an idiot to leave the key in the door! ✎ Syn: fool +
B2	expose +	put sb in a situation where they are not protected from sth dangerous ● The winter weather exposed the villagers to the difficulties of cold and snow. ➣ exposure (n) +
B2	sharp +	punctually; exactly on time ● Be at the station at 10 am sharp or you will miss the train. +
B2	radical +	very new and different ● Her book explained her radical ideas, but I still don’t agree with them. ➣ radical (n), radically (adv) Reading pages 70–71 +
B2	trekker +	sb who walks a long way as an adventure ● It took the trekkers eight hours to walk across the hills. ➣ trek (v, n) +
B2	troupe +	a group of singers, actors, dancers etc who work together ● The dance troupe will perform at the Badminton Theatre in March. Sport finish line host city spectator tournament Pastimes hide-and-seek hiking outing stroll trekker Speaking page 75 +
B2	screen +	show a film ● The film will be screened at 7 pm and 10 pm at this cinema. ➣ screen (n) +
B2	occupy +	fill a space, area or amount of time ● Reading occupies most of her free time. +
B2	illegal parking +	parking where you are not allowed to ● Illegal parking will be fined, so please park in the car park instead. +
B2	offender +	sb who commits a crime ● Offenders will be arrested and tried for their crimes. ➣ offend (v), offence (n) +
B2	criminal act +	a crime ● Shoplifting is a criminal act and you will be arrested if you are caught. +
B2	victim +	sb who is hurt or killed ● The victim of the violent attack had to go to hospital. +
B2	eligible +	qualified or able to do sth ● He will be eligible to vote when he turns eighteen. ➣ eligibility (n) ✎ Opp: ineligible +
B2	weapon +	an object like a knife or gun used to hurt or kill ● The gang used large sticks as weapons. +
B2	misdemeanour +	a bad action that is not very serious ● You won’t go to prison for a misdemeanour like parking illegally. 40 41 +
B2	gain +	get sth that you want or need ● You will gain useful experience from that job. +
B2	pass (a) sentence (on sb) +	officially decide how a criminal will be punished and say what the punishment will be ● The judge will pass sentence on Jones this afternoon. +
B2	punishment +	sth you do to sb because they have done sth wrong ● ‘I think tougher punishments will reduce crime,’ said the woman. +
B2	hostage +	sb kept as a prisoner by an enemy or a criminal so that others will do what they demand ● The armed robber held six people hostage in the bank. +
B2	confess +	admit to sth bad ● The man confessed to killing his neighbour. ➣ confession (n) +
B2	hardened criminal +	a criminal who is not likely to change and obey the law ● He is a hardened criminal and will always lead a life of crime. +
B2	deadly +	able to kill ● Even a small knife can be a deadly weapon and can kill somebody. ➣ death (n), dead (adj) +
B2	demolish +	completely destroy a building so that it falls down ● The old factory will be demolished next year. ➣ demoliton (n) +
B2	innocent bystander +	sb who is at the scene of a crime or accident and may get hurt or killed although they are not directly involved in the event ● An innocent bystander was hit by a bullet as the two gangs shot at each other. (n) +
B2	deter +	stop sb doing sth by making them realise it will have bad results ● Long prison sentences are supposed to deter people from committing crimes. ➣ deterrent (n) +
B2	deport +	make sb leave a country and return to the country they came from ● ‘All illegal immigrants will be deported,’ said the government minister. ➣ deportation (n) Use your English page 91 +
B2	do away with +	kill; get rid of ● The murderers did away with the witness and her body was never found. +
B2	see through +	realise sb is lying ● There’s no point lying to Dad as he will see through your lies. +
B2	carve +	cut into ● Rivers carve rock over millions of years and create valleys. ➣ carving (n) +
B2	blade +	a flat piece of metal or wood on a windmill ● The blades of the windmill turned slowly in the breeze. +
B2	upright +	standing up ● After being ill in bed for so long, it was difficult for him to stand upright. +
B2	coastal +	next to the sea ● We live in a coastal area near a fishing village. ➣ coast (n) +
B2	gradual +	happening slowly over a period of time ● The gradual increase in temperatures on Earth will change our climate. +
B2	oil +	the thick liquid found underground from which petrol is produced ● People drill for oil in the desert and under the sea. +
B2	renewable +	that will never run out ● Wind power is renewable energy. ➣ renew (v) +
B2	consume +	use up ● If we consume all the fossil fuels, we will have to find alternative sources of energy. ➣ consumption (n) +
B2	deforestation +	destruction of the forests ● The deforestation of the Amazon will be a disaster for the whole world. +
B2	erosion +	the process by which rock or soil is gradually destroyed by wind or water ● The erosion of the hillsides means that trees can’t grow there any more. ➣ erode (n) +
B2	grassy +	covered with grass ● They cycled down a grassy hillside. ➣ grass (n) +
B2	billionaire +	sb who has a billion dollars, pounds or euros in money ● The richest people in the world are billionaires. ➣ billion (n) +
B2	predict +	say what will happen in the future ● Meteorologists predict that the weather will be fine this weekend. ➣ prediction (n), predictable (adj) +
B2	seek permission +	ask to do sth ● You will have to seek permission from the city council if you want to hold a concert in the square. +
B2	prohibit +	say that an action is illegal or not allowed ● Swimming is prohibited here. There are sharks in the water. +
B2	extinct +	no longer alive ● Dinosaurs became extinct about 65 million years ago. ➣ extinction (n) +
B2	global warming +	the rise in the Earth’s temperature ● Global warming will cause the ice caps to melt and sea levels to rise. +
B2	shrink +	become smaller ● If you wash that woollen pullover in hot water, it will shrink. +
B2	pessimistic +	believing bad things will happen ● He is pessimistic about the future of the planet and says people will destroy it. ➣ pessimism (n) ✎ Opp: optimistic +
B2	qualification +	If you have a qualification, you have passed an exam to show you have a skill or knowledge in a subject. ● University qualifications are necessary these days if you want to find a good job. ➣ qualify (v) +
B2	leadership skills +	qualities that make sb a good leader ● A good manager needs to have great leadership skills. +
B2	position +	a job ● The position of head teacher at the local primary school has been filled. +
B2	vacancy +	available job ● There is a vacancy at the local supermarket that I think I will apply for. ➣ vacant (adj) +
B2	lack +	not have any or enough of sth that you need ● He lacks the necessary skills for the job. ➣ lack (n), lacking (adj) +
B2	leave +	time allowed away from work for holidays or because of illness ● John is on leave. He’s gone to Barbados for two weeks. +
B2	opening +	a job vacancy ● When Janet leaves her job, there will be an opening in the sales department. +
B2	apprentice +	sb who works for an employer in order to learn a skill or job ● The electrician taught his apprentice how to install an alarm. +
B2	profitable +	which makes money ● This product is profitable so we hope the company makes more money this year. ➣ profit (v, n) ✎ Opp: unprofitable Phrasal verbs fill in hand out hold down keep up knock down move on take on Grammar page 113 +
B2	knock down +	completely destroy a building so that it falls down ● The old factory will be knocked down next year. +
B2	grocery store +	a shop that sells food and other things for the home ● Will you get some milk from the grocery store? +
B2	best-seller +	a popular book which many people buy ● Her new book will be a best-seller. It’s very good. Listening page 114 +
B2	workshop +	a meeting where people try to improve their skills by doing practical exercises ● All new employees attend workshops when they start at this company. +
B2	fill in +	complete ● He filled in an application form for a job in sales. 54 55 +
B2	fossil +	remains of an animal or plant found in a rock ● Fossils found in rocks can tell us about life on Earth millions of years ago. +
B2	out of work +	unemployed ● He has been out of work for a year now and still can’t find a job. +
B2	motivation +	willingness to do sth without needing to be forced to do it ● They aren’t a bad football team but they lack the motivation to win. ➣ motivate (v) +
B2	sick leave +	time you take off work because you are ill ● When Mary caught the flu, she had to take sick leave. +
B2	interpersonal skills +	the ability to create good relationships with other people ● A personnel manager needs strong interpersonal skills. +
B2	harden +	go solid ● The biscuits will harden when you cook them in the oven. ➣ hard (adj) ✎ Opp: soften +
B2	drill +	make a hole in sth with a special tool ● He drilled a hole in the wall so he could hang a picture. ➣ drill (n) +
B2	lifespan +	the average length of time that people, animals or plants will live ● Dogs have an average lifespan of fourteen years. +
B2	disease +	an illness affecting humans, animals or plants ● A healthy diet reduces the risk of heart disease. +
B2	scratch +	rub your nails on your skin ● Don’t scratch that rash as you will make it worse. ➣ scratch (n) +
B2	treat +	sth special that you give sb or do for them because they will enjoy it ● The trainer taught the dog to follow commands by giving it treats when it obeyed correctly. ➣ treat (v) +
B2	disabled +	having an illness, injury or condition that makes it difficult to do things other people do ● Disabled athletes take part in the Paralympics. ➣ disability (n) +
B2	around the clock +	happening all day and all night ● People who are very ill need care around the clock. +
B2	generosity +	willingness to give money or time in order to help people ● He showed great generosity when he gave money to the charity. ➣ generous (n) +
B2	launch +	make a new product or service available to the public ● The company will launch the program in February. ➣ launch (n) +
B2	mental +	relating to the mind and thinking ● He has amazing mental abilities and will do very well in his studies. ➣ mentality (n) +
B2	instructor +	sb who teaches you a skill ● His driving instructor was patient and a good teacher. ➣ instruct (v), instruction (n) +
B2	apprenticeship +	a period of time when a young person works for an employer in order to learn a skill or job ● He did a two-year apprenticeship as an electrician. ➣ apprentice (n) +
B2	struggle +	try very hard to do sth that is not easy ● They are struggling to pay their bills. ➣ struggle (n) +
B2	secretarial course +	lessons which teach you typing and other office skills ● After leaving school, she did a secretarial course. +
B2	brush up +	practise and improve your skills of sth that you learnt in the past ● You should brush up your Italian before you visit Rome. +
B2	my fill of sth +	as much of sth as you can eat or drink ● After eating our fill of pizza, it was time for ice cream! +
B2	bay +	coast where a circle of sea is formed ● The fishing boat sailed into the bay where the fishing village was situated +
B2	quay +	a place in a town or village where boats can be tied up ● He tied his fishing boat to the quay. +
B2	inn +	a small hotel or pub in the countryside ● They stayed in a room at the village inn. +
B2	fossil +	a part of a dead plant or animal that has been in the ground for a very long time and has turned into rock ● This dinosaur fossil is millions of years old. +
B2	ridiculous +	very silly ● You look ridiculous in that flowery swimming cap. ➣ ridicule (v) Use your English page 143 +
B2	foolish +	silly ● She felt foolish when she arrived in Greece in winter without a coat. ➣ fool (n) +
B2	sand dune +	a hill of sand in a desert or by the sea ● The camels had no problem walking on the sand dunes. +
B2	beat +	make a regular sound or movement ● The cat was alive – its heart was still beating. +
B2	my hair stands on end +	If sth makes your hair stand on end, it makes you feel extremely frightened. ● It’s a great horror film that will make your hair stand on end. Reading page 148 +
B2	wriggle +	twist and turn ● Sit still and stop wriggling! +
B2	motion +	the act or process of moving ● He jumped off the train while it was still in motion. +
B2	pop +	put sth somewhere quickly ● Pop this pill in your mouth and swallow it. +
B2	thrill +	an exciting experience ● People do bungeejumping for the thrill of the experience. ➣ thrill (v), thrilling (adj) +
B2	chickenpox +	an infectious illness which causes spots on your skin and a fever ● The child caught chickenpox at nursery school. +
B2	first-aid kit +	a box with things you need in case sb is hurt ● There is a first-aid kit in the bathroom with some painkillers in it. +
B2	low-calorie +	Low-calorie food has few calories (units for measuring the amount of energy that food will produce) ● Eat low-calorie food to lose weight. +
B2	come down with +	get an illness ● He’s not going to work as he’s come down with a cold. +
B2	fight off +	try hard to get rid of sth like an illness ● Regular exercise improves your immune system, which helps you fight off infections. +
B2	get over +	get better from an illness ● It took me ten days to get over that terrible flu. +
B2	resist +	not be harmed by sth ● If you drink this hot soup, it will help you resist a bad cold. ➣ resistance (n) +
B2	recover +	get better after an illness ● He recovered from his cold and went back to work. ➣ recovery (n) +
B2	flu +	a common illness like a very bad cold, which you can get from other people ● Mike is still in bed with the flu. +
B2	recovery +	when you are well again after an illness ● The doctor says she will make a full recovery. ➣ recover (v) +
B2	preserve +	protect ● The old way of life in this village is being preserved by the locals. ➣ preservation (n) +
B2	promote +	help sell sth by advertising it ● They are promoting organic food products at the market. ➣ promotion (n) Phrasal verbs break out in sth chill out come down with come round die out fight off get over pass out put off step in stick to +
B2	prescription +	a piece of paper where a doctor writes what medicine a sick person should get from a pharmacist ● The doctor gave her a prescription for painkillers. ➣ prescribe (v) +
B2	up and about +	recovered ● He was ill in bed last week, but now he’s up and about again. Writing: a review pages 156–157 +
B2	chill out +	relax ● They chill out in front of the TV in the evening. +

C1 Sentences	Key	Eng
C1	staggering +	unbelievable; amazing ● The banker earns a staggering two million dollars per year. +
C1	exclusive +	not shared ● This exclusive arrangement means that only your company name will be on the team’s shirts. ➣ exclusivity (n) +
C1	tumble +	fall with a rolling movement ● Doug fell over and tumbled down the grassy hill. ➣ tumble (n) +
C1	sentimental +	easily affected by emotions such as love in a way that seems silly to others ● Being sentimental, she cries whenever she sees a romantic film. ➣ sentiment (n) +
C1	inflexible +	unwilling to change ● The manager is inflexible in his opinion of candidates without university degrees; he refuses to employ them. ➣ inflexibilty (n) ✎ Opp: flexible +
C1	go places +	likely to become famous or successful ● That young actor is going places and will be famous one day. +
C1	depict +	describe sb/sth ● The writer depicts life in an English village 100 years ago. ➣ depiction (n) +
C1	attribute +	quality; feature ● Good interpersonal skills are important attributes of a film director. ➣ attribute (v) +
C1	inflate +	fill sth with air so it becomes bigger ● The mechanic inflated the tyres on my car as they were a bit flat. ➣ inflation (n), inflatable (adj) +
C1	groggy +	weak and ill ● He felt groggy after the rough ferry crossing. +
C1	cut (sth) off +	stop the supply of electricity or water or access to the telephone ● He couldn’t pay his bill so the phone company cut him off. Vocabulary pages 20-21 +
C1	thrill +	cause sb to feel very excited ● The firework display thrilled us all. ➣ thrill (n), thrilling (adj) +
C1	identity +	who sb is ● The police still don’t know the identity of the thief. ➣ identify (v) +
C1	under construction +	still being made ● No one can visit my website yet because it is still under construction. +
C1	a little bird told me +	said by sb when they know who gave them the information being discussed but will not say who it was ● A little bird told me that you’re getting married. +
C1	cat’s got your tongue +	sth you say to sb when you are annoyed because they will not speak ● What’s the matter? Has the cat got your tongue? Phrasal verbs bring down come in for cut in cut off get back at set out sign up (for sth) stir up take sb aback take to Grammar pages 22-23 +
C1	itinerary +	a plan of a journey and the route you will take ● We prepared our itinerary before we left on our holiday. +
C1	credit card fraud +	using another person’s credit card illegally ● The sales assistant who was arrested for credit card fraud had stolen 10 card numbers from unsuspecting customers. +
C1	endangered +	at risk ● Polar bears are endangered animals and will disappear if more of the ice cap melts. ➣ endanger (v) +
C1	extinct +	no longer alive ● Dinosaurs became extinct 65 million years ago. ➣ extinction (n) +
C1	captivity +	when an animal is kept somewhere and is not free in the wild ● The elephant was raised in captivity in the zoo when its mother was killed by hunters. ➣ capture (v), captive (n, adj) +
C1	neuron +	a cell which is part of the nervous system ● Our brains consist of billions of neurons. +
C1	literally +	according to the original meaning of a word ● Literally millions of people watched the Olympic Games. ➣ literal (adj) +
C1	disorder +	a problem/illness of the mind or body ● He has a skin disorder which makes him excessively sensitive to the sun. +
C1	anorexic +	suffering from a mental illness that makes sb stop eating ● She is anorexic so she finds it almost impossible to eat. ➣ anorexia (n) +
C1	delicate +	rather weak in health ● The delicate child could not go out in the cold without getting ill. +
C1	establish +	begin a relationship that will continue ● They have established a good relationship built on trust. ➣ establishment (n), established (adj) +
C1	recover +	get better from an illness ● It took her a long time to recover from pneumonia. ➣ recovery (n) +
C1	malaria +	a serious disease caused by the bite of a mosquito ● He got malaria and was very ill for weeks. +
C1	swallow +	when sth goes from your mouth to your stomach ● Drink some water to help you swallow the pill. +
C1	bark +	the outside covering of a tree ● If you cut into the bark of this tree, it will drip resin. +
C1	come down with +	get an illness ● I’ve come down with flu so I’ll stay in bed. +
C1	fight off +	recover from an illness quickly ● She can always fight off a cold because she is so healthy. +
C1	pick up +	catch an illness from sb/sth ● He picked up a cold from somebody at work. +
C1	imbalance +	lack of balance ● Because of a chemical imbalance he takes these pills every day. ✎ Opp: balance +
C1	plague +	a disease that is usually fatal and spreads quickly to a large number of people ● The plague killed so many people in medieval times that they called it the Black Death. +
C1	contract +	get an illness ● You can contract this disease by drinking dirty water. +
C1	side-effect +	an undesirable effect that a drug has on your body as well as treating illness ● One side-effect of this medication is that it makes you feel sleepy. +
C1	stretcher +	canvas on poles used to carry an ill or injured person ● The injured player was carried off the field on a stretcher. +
C1	still +	a photograph from a film ● Look at these stills from the film. +
C1	desperate +	in a bad situation and willing to do anything ● I was desperate to get my injured dog to the vet. ➣ desperation (n), desperately (adv) +
C1	application +	form you fill in to apply for sth ● He submitted an application to the adult education centre to do a course in German. ➣ apply (v), applicant (n) +
C1	daring +	willing to do dangerous things ● This book is about a daring escape from prison. ➣ dare (v, n) +
C1	illiterate +	unable to read or write ● The illiterate man asked me to tell him what was written on the form. ➣ illiteracy (n) ✎ Opp: literate +
C1	release +	make music, a film, etc. available for people to buy or see ● When will the next Jason Bourne film be released? ➣ release (n) +
C1	crew +	a group of people with special skills who work together ● The crew prepared the set for the filming of the indoor scenes. 22 +
C1	understudy +	an actor who learns a part in a play so that they can take over if the usual actor is ill ● The actor had the flu, so the understudy took her place in the play that night. Jobs in the film and theatre industry cast crew director editor extra understudy usher Grammar pages 48-49 +
C1	reluctance +	unwillingness ● His reluctance to sing meant that he did not get a part in the musical. ➣ reluctant (adj) Adjectives of feeling desperate ecstatic electrifying exhilarating faint-hearted frustrated heart-rending heart-warming regretful 23 Speaking page 51 +
C1	sequence +	a part of a film that deals with a single subject or action ● ‘The next sequence will be filmed on location in Italy,’ said the director. +
C1	harvest +	cut or collect a crop ● The apples will be harvested in October, when they are ripe. ➣ harvest (n) +
C1	eatable +	tasty to eat ● This banana is very ripe but it’s still eatable. ➣ eat (v) +
C1	edible +	safe to eat ● Potato leaves are not edible and will make you sick if you eat them. ✎ Opp: inedible +
C1	flavouring +	a substance added to food to give it a particular flavour ● Add a flavouring like vanilla essence to the cake mixture. ➣ flavour (n, v) +
C1	pull through +	recover from a very serious illness or injury ● She got pneumonia, but she pulled through. +
C1	oxidation +	process of a substance combining with oxygen ● If you leave that metal tool out in the rain, oxidation will take place. Reading pages 70-71 +
C1	formation +	shaping ● The formation of this lake took place millions of years ago. ➣ form (v) +
C1	drill +	dig deep holes in the ground or under the sea for oil ● They are drilling for oil in the North Sea. ➣ drill (n) +
C1	landfill +	a hole in the ground where rubbish is buried ● There is a landfill near here and it often smells terrible because of the rubbish. +
C1	oil spill +	an accident where oil pollutes the sea and/or land ● The oil spill from the tanker killed many fish and birds. +
C1	juvenile +	still growing; under the age of 18 ● Police often give talks at schools to try to fight juvenile crime. ➣ juvenile (n) +
C1	survival of the fittest +	the principle that only the creatures that are best adapted to their environment will survive and reproduce ● During the last ice age, it was a struggle to live. It was a case of the survival of the fittest. Writing: a contribution pages 78-79 +
C1	picturesque +	(of a place) pretty in an old-fashioned way ● The picturesque village was high in the mountains. 35 +
C1	nestle +	be situated in a half-hidden or sheltered position ● The old town nestles at the foot of the hill. +
C1	natural resource +	sth such as a forest, coal, etc. which exists in a place and can be used by people ● Oil is a natural resource that will run out in the near future. +
C1	tranquillity +	peace ● They love the tranquillity of the countryside. ➣ tranquil (adj) +
C1	windmill +	a building with wooden blades that turn in the wind ● This windmill used to provide the whole community with flour. +
C1	sand dune +	a hill of sand formed by the wind in a desert or near the sea ● The children chased each other up and down the sand dunes. +
C1	hardback +	a book with a hard cover ● The hardback version of this book costs more but the harder cover will make it last longer. ✎ Opp: paperback +
C1	manual labour +	work done by people with their own hands ● Manual labour is still used on fruit farms because people are needed to harvest the delicate berries. +
C1	mansion +	a very large house ● The celebrity lived in a mansion in Beverly Hills. +
C1	do away with +	get rid of ● Do you think people will do away with cars to ride bikes instead? +
C1	sterilise +	clean sth completely by killing any bacteria in it ● You should sterilise the bottles before making milk formula for the baby to drink. ➣ sterilisation (n) +
C1	displace +	take the place of sb/sth ● The ice I dropped in the glass displaced the water and made it spill over the rim. ➣ displacement (v) +
C1	light years ahead +	a long way ahead of others ● His brilliant ideas are light years ahead of other researchers. +
C1	lay the foundations +	provide the conditions that will make it possible for sth to be successful ● The Wright brothers laid the foundations for the development of aviation. +
C1	shine light on sth +	reveal sth new ● Exploration on Mars will shine light on the formation of other planets. +
C1	victim +	sb who is hurt or killed ● The victim of the shooting is being treated in hospital. +
C1	bond +	a document promising that a government will pay back money it has borrowed, usually with interest ● The government bonds fell in value because of the economic crisis. +
C1	credit +	add money to a bank account ● Your bank account will be automatically credited with your salary every month. ➣ credit (n) +
C1	debit +	take money out of a bank account ● You can use this card to make purchases and your account will be debited immediately. ➣ debit (n) +
C1	forgery +	an illegal copy of money, a work of art, a document, etc. ● You can tell this money is a forgery because it hasn’t got a watermark. ➣ forge (v) +
C1	sum +	an amount of money ● This car costs a large sum of money, so I will pay for it in instalments. +
C1	owe +	have to pay sth back ● Bob still owes me thirty pounds which he borrowed from me last week. +
C1	invest +	buy sth that you hope will give you a profit ● He invested in gold a few years ago and made a huge profit when the price of gold went up. ➣ investment (n) +
C1	verify +	find out if sth is correct or true ● We will have to verify your details before you can open an account at our bank. ➣ verification (n) +
C1	advantageous +	favourable ● It will be advantageous to our company if we can find cheaper office space. ➣ advantage (n) +
C1	bank statement +	a document that tells you your bank transactions and balance ● The details of this month’s transactions will be on your next bank statement. +
C1	make a killing +	make a large profit ● We made a killing on the business deal, so the boss is really pleased. +
C1	down-to-earth +	practical ● Stan is down-to-earth so his advice will be useful. +
C1	instigate +	bring about ● We hope this play about old age will instigate change in the treatment of the elderly. ➣ instigation (n) +
C1	on tour +	performing at different venues ● The band are on tour around North America and will play first in New York. +
C1	still life +	a painting of objects like fruit or flowers ● I think the fruit in this still life is very well executed. +
C1	commission +	a request for an artist to create a piece of art for which they will be paid ● The artist received a commission to paint the king’s portrait. ➣ commission (v) +
C1	subject +	a thing or person that you paint a picture of ● Children are a difficult subject to draw as they won’t sit still. +
C1	lead vocalist +	the main singer in a group ● Mick Jagger is still the lead vocalist for the Rolling Stones. +
C1	change one’s tune +	start to express a different opinion after sth has happened ● Will the politician change his tune if he wins the election? +
C1	make a big deal out of sth +	make sth seem more important than it really is ● It was a minor accident. Don’t make a big deal out of it. Art easel landscape oil palette still life water colour Music backing singer beat chart cover version leading vocalist lyrics on tour pianist record label single solo artist verse Grammar pages 114-115 +
C1	gather +	collect ● I gathered together my hiking boots, bag and map for the walk in the hills. +
C1	safekeeping +	being in a safe place where it will not be damaged or lost ● I locked my jewellery in a drawer for safekeeping. +
C1	eager +	keen; willing ● Eager to help, I offered to wash the dishes. ➣ eagerness (n), eagerly (adv) +
C1	recovery +	becoming well after an illness or injury ● We were happy to hear of your quick recovery from the flu. ➣ recover (v) +
C1	siren’s call +	the temptation to do sth that seems attractive but that will have bad consequences ● You must turn your back on the siren’s call of an easy life. +
C1	fulfil +	manage to do sth you hoped for ● I fulfilled the ambition of a lifetime when I visited New York. ➣ fulfilment (n) 58 +
C1	prospect +	the possibility that sth will happen ● The prospect of another war is frightening. ➣ prospective (adj) +
C1	slash +	cut violently ● As we slash away at the rainforests, do we realise how the loss of the trees will affect our planet? +
C1	filling +	metal that a dentist puts into a tooth to cover a hole ● The dentist gave him a filling in a tooth that had decayed. ➣ fill (v) +
C1	game +	willing to try sth dangerous, new or difficult ● If you’re game for a challenge, let’s play tennis. +
C1	have what it takes +	have the necessary skills, power, intelligence, etc. to do sth ● Do you have what it takes to do a bungee jump or are you too scared? +
C1	natural ceiling +	the natural limit of what is possible ● There is a natural ceiling that will limit how fast humans can run. +
C1	thrill-seeking +	looking for excitement ● The thrill-seeking couple went on an extreme sports weekend. +
C1	be entitled +	have the right to have sth ● Pensioners are entitled to half-price tickets on public transport. Excitement adrenaline burning desire rush thrill-seeking ultimate 62 Vocabulary pages 138-139 +
C1	come in handy +	be useful ● A torch will come in handy in case there is a blackout. +
C1	round +	a series of games in a competition ● In round two of the cup, Italy will play France. +
C1	knock out +	defeat sb in a competition so that they can no longer take part ● Italy knocked out Spain and will go on to play in the next match. +
C1	contestant +	sb who takes part in a competition ● Only ten contestants in this competition will continue to the next round. ➣ contest (n) Speaking page 143 +
C1	helium +	a light gas that doesn’t burn, often used to fill balloons ● The child’s balloon was filled with helium. +
C1	frontier +	an area where people have never lived before ● Space is the last frontier, but one day people will establish colonies there. +
C1	settlement +	a place where people come to live and build their homes ● This village is on the site of an ancient settlement. ➣ settle (v), settler (n) +
C1	shape one’s future +	determine what will happen to you ● What you decide to study after school will shape your future. +
C1	know what the future holds +	know what will happen in the future ● Nobody can know what the future holds. +
C1	outcome +	a result ● It is hoped the outcome of the Mars mission will be a success. +
C1	hunch +	an idea based on a feeling ● I have a hunch that Fred will call today, but I could be wrong. +
C1	omen +	a sign of what will happen in the future ● Let’s hope a rise in the stock markets today is a good omen for the end of the recession. ➣ ominous (adj) +
C1	posterity +	people who will live in the future ● We must save the environment for ourselves and for posterity. 69 +
C1	pioneering +	introducing new ideas for the first time ● Bill Gates is a pioneering businessman who helped create the technology we know today. ➣ pioneer (v, n) +
C1	rational +	based on reason ● She is a rational person so she will definitely accept a reasonable explanation. ➣ rationale (n) ✎ Opp: irrational +
C1	inescapable +	impossible to escape; bound to happen ● It’s an inescapable fact they we will all die one day. ➣ escape (v, n) +
C1	showpiece +	a very good example of sth that a government or organisation wants people to see ● The museum will be the new showpiece of the city when it opens next year. +
C1	biodiesel +	fuel made from agricultural products ● It is feasible that in the future cars will run on biodiesel rather than petrol. +
C1	pessimistic +	believing that bad things will happen in the future ● He is pessimistic and thinks he has failed his exams. ➣ pessimism (n) ✎ Opp: optimistic +
C1	optimistic +	believing that good things will happen in the future ● She feels optimistic that she will do well in all of her exams. ➣ optimism (n), optimistically (adv) ✎ Opp: pessimistic +

A1-C2 Sentences	Eng	ipa

32 000 OX Sentences	Gloss	Eng	Deu	Vie

HIMYM	Eng	Vie

Expert	Theme	Deu	Eng	Subtheme	Level

CEFR

OXT

Interlingua

Wordnet

Semantics	Deu	Eng

DEEN DICT	Deu	Eng

4000 Thai	IPA	Eng	ThaiT

14000	Eng	Gb	Thai