Vietnamese 3.0	Eng	Wordtype	Vie
☆☆☆	(NOT) AT ALL; COMPLETELY	Adverb	hoàn toàn
☆☆	An administrative district above 'dong (the smallest unit of districts)' in large and metropolitan cities with a population of 500,000 or more.	Noun	quận
☆☆	(질문) PRESENT ERA; CONTEMPORARY WORLD	Noun	hiện đại
☆☆	(NOT) AT ALL; BY ANY POSSIBILITY	Adverb	không một chút nào, không thể nào
☆☆	(NOT) AT ALL; BY ANY POSSIBILITY	Adverb	dù gì, rốt cuộc (cũng không), hoàn toàn (không)
☆	(DELAYING) LITTLE BY LITTLE	Adverb	lần lữa ngày mai ngày kia
☆	(LOVE) BLINDLY	Adverb	một cách quý trọng, một cách trân trọng, một cách nâng niu

A La Hán Arhant, Lohan (follower of Buddha)
Ba Nhĩ Cán (the) Balkans
Bao Tích Nhược (character in the book “Anh Hùng Xà Điêu”)
Binh thư yếu lược The Art of War (book by Sun Tzu)
Biển Băng Mare Frigoris (lunar sea)
Biển Hài Hước Mare Humorum (lunar sea)
Biển Hơi Mare Vaporum (lunar sea)
Biển Khủng Hoảng Mare Crisium (lunar sea)
Biển Mây Mare Nubium (lunar sea)
Biển Mưa Gió Mare Imbrium (lunar sea)
Bàu Sỏi (name of a village)
Bát Quái Đài octagonal palace (Cao Dai)
Bình Định (province name)
Bản Châu Honshu (region of Japan)
Bắc Bộ north(ern) region of Vietnam
Bắc Hải Đạo Hokkaido (region of Japan)
Bắc Phần Northern part (of Vietnam)
Bắc Việt North(ern) Vietnam
Bắc Ðẩu Bội Tinh (French) Legion of Honor medal
Bắc Đại Tây Dương North Atlantic (Ocean)
Bắc Đầu Ursa Major (constellation)
Bộ Kinh Tế department of the economy (or economic affairs)
Bộ Ngoại Thương và Kỹ Nghệ the Ministry of International Trade and Industry (MITI)
CNT Cộng Hòa Nhân Dân Trung Hoa (People’s Republic of China)
CS cộng sản (communist)
CSVN Cộng Sản Việt Nam (Communist Vietnam)
CT chủ tịch (chairman, president)
CXCV Cộng hòa Xã hội chủ nghĩa Việt Nam (the Socialist Republic of Vietnam)
Cam Địa (Mahatma) Ghandi
Cao Đài Cao Dai (a Vietnamese religion)
Cao Đài Giáo Cao Dai (Vietnamese religion)
Chưởng Pháp censor cardinal (Cao Dai)
Chưởng Ấn chancellor (Cao Dai)
Chức Việc subdignitaries (Cao Dai)
Côn Sơn Con-Son (island)
Cải Trạng lawyer (Cao Dai)
Cộng Hòa Liên Bang Nga Russian (Federated) Republic
Cờ Vàng Yellow Flag (rebels)
Cờ Đen Black Flag (rebels)
Cục Bưu Điện Post, Telephone, and Telegraph Office (PTT)
Cục Điều tiết điện lực Electricity Regulatory Authority of Vietnam (ERAV)
Cửu Châu Kyushu (region of Japan)
Cửu Long (river in Vietnam)
Cửu Trùng Đài Nine Sphere Palace (Cao Dai)
GTGT giá trị gia tăng (value added tax, VAT)
Giám Đạo General Inspector (Cao Dai)
Giáo Tông pope (Cao Dai)
GĐ giám đốc (director)
Hiệp Thiên Đài Heavenly Palace (Cao Dai)
Hoa (1) China
(2) flower, blossom
Hoa Ngữ Chinese (language)
Hoàn Cầu Thời Báo Global Times (a Chinese daily newspaper)
Huế Hue (city in Vietnam)
Hậu Lê (Vietnamese dynasty)
Hồng Bàng (early clan in Vietnamese history)
Hộ Pháp legislative affairs director (Cao Dai)
Khoan đã! Hold on (a second)!
Kitô hữu (a) Christian
Lai Châu (province name)
Lưu ý là (Please) note that ~
Lại nhà hàng Thanh Thế đi ! How about going to the Thanh The (restaurant)?
Lễ Tạ Ơn Thanksgiving (American holiday)
Lực Lượng Tự Vệ (Japanese) Self-Defense Forces
Minh Trị Meiji (Emperor of Japan)
Miên (1) Cambodia, Cambodian
(2) to sleep
(3) cotton
(4) to be long
Miến Burma (short for Miến Điện)
NN Nhân Hàng Nhà Nước (National Bank of VN)
Nga Russia(n)
Ngân Hàng Nhà Nước National Bank (of VN)
Ngô (Vietnamese dynasty)
Ngô Đình Diệm (first president of South Vietnam)
Ngũ Giác Đài (the) Pentagon
Nho lâm Confucian scholars (collective)
Nho sĩ (Confucian) scholar
Nôm Nom (old Vietnamese writing system based on Chinese characters)
Nơi đây an nghĩ Here lies ~ (on a gravestone)
Nội Bài (airport in Hanoi)
Pete Peterson thuộc đảng Dân Chủ Pete Peterson, (a) Democrat
Phao Lồi Paul (Paulo)
Phái Bộ Viện Trợ Quân Sự MAC-V (Military Assistance Command - Vietnam)
Pháp ngữ French (language)
Phù Tang Japan (literary)
Phạn (1) Buddhist
(2) cooked rice
Phật Giáo tiểu thừa Hinayana (Theravada) Buddhism, lesser path Buddhism
Phật Tử Buddhist (person)
Phật học (study of) Buddhism
Phối Sư archbishop (Cao Dai)
Quan thoại Mandarin Chinese (language)
Quan đông Kanto (region of Japan)
Quảng trường Quốc gia National Mall (in Washington DC)
Sĩ Tải archivist (Cao Dai)
Sấm Truyền Ca Book of Prophesy (c. 1670)
TP.HCM (abbreviation for Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh)
TQLC (thủy quân lục chiến) Marines
Tang (1) Tibet, Tibetan
Thanh Hóa (province name)
Thiên Hỉ Động Palace of Wisdom (Cao Dai)
Thiên bình Libra (constellation)
Thành Hồ Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Thành Phố Hồ Chí Minh Ho Chi Minh City (Saigon)
Thái Sơn (name of a mountain in China)
Thượng Phẩm religious affairs director (Cao Dai)
Thượng Sanh secular affairs director (Cao Dai)
Thế Vận Hội the (World) Olympic Games
Thế vận hội mùa Đông (Olympic) Winter Games
Thừa Sử historian (Cao Dai)
Tiên Rồng The Fairy and the Dragon (ancestors of the Vietnamese race)
Tiêu Chuẩn Kỹ Nghệ Nhật Bản Japanese Industry Standard (JIS)
Tiếp Dẫn Đạo Nhơn instructor (Cao Dai)
Trung Hoa đơn giản simplified Chinese (characters)
Truyền Trạng Investigator (Cao Dai)
Truyện Kiều the Tale of Kieu (by Nguyễn Du)
Trí Huệ Cung meditation hall (Cao Dai)
Trường Đỏ Red Square (in Moscow)
Trần (Vietnamese dynasty)
Tân Sơn Nhất Tan Son Nhat (airport)
Tây Ninh (province name)
Tây Sơn (Vietnamese dynasty)
Tây hiệu Western-brand (e.g. product)
Tổ Chức An Ninh và Hợp Tác Âu Châu Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe (OSCE)
Tổ Chức Hiệp Ước Bắc Đại Tây Dương North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)
Tờ Quân Đội Nhân Dân People’s Army (a newspaper)
Tứ Quốc Shikoku (region of Japan)
Tự Đức Vietnamese king (1840-1883)
Xin ông cho biết ý kiến Please give (us) your opinion
a (1) (exclamation of surprise, regret, etc.)
(2) sickle
(3) to rush, dash
(4) to gather
(5) to flatter, curry favor with, kiss up to
(6) area of 100 square meters
a lô hello (on phone, in announcements), attention!
a tòng to follow, imitate, act as (an accomplice) come around (to a way of thinking); accomplice
ai (1) anyone, someone, who, whoever, everyone, anyone
(2) to pity, sympathize, empathize with
(3) dust, fine dirt
ai chẳng who (doesn’t)
ai muốn làm cũng được anyone (who wants to) can do it
ai tín obituary, death notice, sad news (of a death)
ai điếu to pay homage (to the dead), eulogize
an (1) peace, safety, security, safe, secure
(2) saddle
an bần content with one’s poverty, satisfied with one’s (poor) fate
an dân to calm (quiet, reassure) the population or people
an dưỡng to rest (to regain one’s health), convalesce
an giấc to sleep soundly, sleep like a log; sound (of sleep)
an hưởng to enjoy (peacefully)
an tức hương (gun) benzoin
anh (1) young man, elder brother, first cousin (son of parent’s older sibling), form of address to a young man
(2) England, (Great) Britain
(3) canary
(4) infant
(5) flower
(6) male hero
anh chị (1) Mr. and Mrs. (of young adults)
(2) bully, rouge; ringleader, chieftain
anh chồng brother in law (husband’s oldest brother)
anh con nhà bác first cousin (son of parent’s older sibling)
anh em bạn good, close (sibling-like) friend
anh linh hallowed memory (of a deceased person)
anh lái xe (male) driver
anh nuôi cook (male)
anh ruột elder brother (by blood)
anh rể brother-in-law (husband of one’s elder sister)
anh vũ (1) parrot
(2) nautilus
(3) type of fish (pseudogyrinochelus)
anh vợ brother in law (wife’s older brother)
ao (1) pond; concave
(3) to measure (volume)
ba (1) three, tri-
(2) father
(3) wave, ripple
ba cùng the three “with’s” (live with, eat with and work with)
ba quyết tâm three resolves (in emulation movement)
ba đảm đang three responsibilities (women’s emulation movement)
bai (1) to stretch out, extend
(2) byte
ban (1) board, committee, commission, department, section
(2) unit of time
(3) to confer, give, grant, award, bestow
(4) ball
(5) fever
ban bố to issue, promulgate (laws, regulations)
ban cấp supply (with), provide (with), furnish (with)
ban hành to issue, pass (laws, etc.), publish
ban long jelly (glue) made from antlers; megalossaur
ban nãy a (little) while ago, just now
ban trưa (at) noon, noontime, midday
bang (1) state, country, nation
(2) to help, protect, assist
bao (1) how much, many, so much, so many, some, any
(2) envelope, bag, pack, case, sleeve; to cover, enclose
bao giờ when, (at) what time, every time, always, any time, whenever
bao giờ cũng được anytime (is fine)
bao lát (reed) sack
bao lâu (for) how long, however long
bao lơn balcony, railing (on a balcony)
bao nhiêu cũng được any number (quantity, amount) will do
bao quản to not mind (hardship)
bay (1) to fly
(2) trowel
(3) you (plural)
(4) to fade (of color)
bay lật úp inverted flight (of a plane)
bay quần to circle (of an airplane)
be (1) flask, small wine bottle
(2) to bleat
be be bleat (of a goat)
beng to cut (off)
bi (1) tombstone, slab, stele
(2) marble (toy), pellet
(3) sad, sorrowful
bia (1) tombstone, stone, slab, stele
(2) target, bull’s eye
(3) beer
binh (1) soldier, military
(2) see bênh
binh chủng (armed) services, military
binh nhì private (military rank) (E1)
binh nhất private (military rank) (E2)
binh pháp (military) strategy, tactics
biên (1) to write down, make a note (of something)
(2) to weave (basket)
(3) to edit, compile
(4) edge, limit, border
biên khảo to publish (research)
biến (1) to disappear, vanish
(2) to change, convert; variable
(3) catastrophe, disaster, calamity
(4) to spread, distribute
biến chứng (medical) complication
biếng chơi (of a child) to not be active
biết to know, know how to do (something) be aware of
biết ngay mà I knew it (right away)
biết thế had I known (then one would have done something else)
biếu to offer (as a gift), give (a present)
biền (1) military
(2) parallel, couple
biển (1) ocean, sea, mare (lunar sea)
(2) placard, sign
(3) miserly, stingy
biểu (1) table, chart, meter, scale, index
(2) to express, manifest, display, show, demonstrate
(3) to say, tell, order
(4) second degree near relatives of different surnames
(5) memorial to the king
biểu huynh (older) male cousin on the maternal side or on the paternal aunt’s side
biểu lộ bản chất to show the nature (of something)
biểu muội (younger) female cousin on the maternal side or on the paternal aunt’s side
biểu quyết to decide (by a vote), vote; a vote
biểu tượng to represent, stand for, symbolize; representative, emblem, symbol, (computer) icon, symbol, representation
biểu đệ (younger) male cousin on the maternal side or on the parental aunt’s side
biện (1) to offer (ritual food)
(2) to argue, debate, discuss
biện hộ to defend, plead, apologize; defense (legal)
biệt (1) separated, isolated
(2) to disappear
biệu tỉ (older) female cousin on the maternal side or on the paternal aunt’s side
bom (1) bomb
(2) to extort
(3) apple
bom nổ bomb explosion, explode (bomb)
bon bon to run fast (vehicles)
boong deck (of a ship)
bu (1) mother
(2) coop
bung (1) to burst, break open
(2) to stew, cook for a long time
buông to release, (let) drop, lower, say
buông xuôi to let (something) run its course
buồm câu mizzen (sail)
buồn rầu sad, sorrowful, unhappy morose; uninteresting; to want to, feel like (doing something)
buồng (1) room, cage, chamber, cabin
(2) bunch
(3) [CL for (body) organs]
buồng không solitary room (of a widow or a single young girl)
buồng lái xe driver’s cab (of a vehicle)
buồng đạn chamber (of a gun)
buổi đi chơi outing (to have fun)
buộc lòng to be obliged, forced, compelled (to do something); against one’s will
bà grandmother; Mrs. (form of address for a woman)
bà tiên fairy (woman)
bà xã wife (one’s own)
bà đầm (western) lady
bài (1) text, lesson, (newspaper) article
(2) (playing) card
(3) against, vs., anti-
(4) [CL for speeches, newspaper articles]
(5) Mandarin symbol of office
(6) to arrange, display
(7) means, way, method, procedure
bài làm homework (assignment), task, exercise, theme
bài ngà ivory symbol of office (of a Mandarin)
bài tính (math) problem
bài đọc (reading) text
bàn (1) to discuss, debate, deliberate, talk over
(2) table
(3) [CL for games]
bàn là iron (for clothes)
bàn là điện (electric) iron (for clothes)
bàn lùi argue to refuse (to do something), argue somebody out of doing
bàn máy platform (of a machine)
bàn thấm (ink) blotter
bàn tính (1) abacus
(2) to talk over, plan, discuss, arrange
bàn về to discuss (sth)
bàn xiết a grain-polisher (rice), a stone roller
bàn đạp thắng chân brake (pedal)
bàn ủi iron (for clothes)
bàng thính to audit (class, course)
bào (1) plane (tool); to plane
(2) womb
(3) cover, sack, wrapping
bàu pool, pond (in the fields)
bày (1) see bầy
(2) to display, arrange, set up, show, exhibit
bày vẽ to contrive (unnecessary things), conceive (impractical things), go to unnecessary lengths
bày đặt to create (unnecessary things)
bá (1) one hundred, many
(2) father’s older sibling
(3) to sow, spread
(4) to embrace, hug
(5) to count
(6) cypress
(7) hegemony
bác (1) uncle, father’s older brother
(2) wise, learned
(3) to scramble (eggs)
(4) cannon
(5) ample, wide
(6) to reject
bác cổ thông kim to have a wide knowledge (of things past and present)
bác dơn to reject (a request)
bách (1) one hundred
(2) to force, compel, coerce
(3) cypress, cedar
bách niên giai lão to live together 100 years (set expression said to newlyweds)
bách thảo botanical (garden)
bái lĩnh to receive a gift (from someone above oneself)
bái vọng bow one’s respect to (a king) from a distance
bám rễ to (cause to) root
bám trụ hold on to (a military position)
bán (1) to sell
(2) half, demi-, semi-, hemi-
bán công private (as opposed to publicly funded)
bán non to sell (crops) in ears (at cheap price)
bán sinh half-life (of a radioactive element)
bán tháo sell out, get rid of (merchandise)
bán xới to leave one’s native country (for good)
bánh (1) cake, bread, pie, pastry
(2) wheel
bánh cuốn (food) steamed rolled rice pancake
bánh in snow-flaked cake (sprinkled with powdered sugar)
bánh khoai cake made of sweet potato meal (mixed with rice flour)
bánh khảo sweet short cake (made of roast glutinous rice flour)
bánh trước của xe steering wheel (of a car)
bánh vàng (uranium) yellow cake
bánh xe tire, wheel (of a vehicle)
bánh xe đỡ đuôi (plane) tail wheel
bánh xèo rice pancake folded in half (and filled)
bánh đa nem rice sheet (used to roll fried meat roll)
báo (1) to announce, report
(2) newspaper
(3) panther
(4) to return, give back
báo cho to announce to (sb)
báo hàng ngày daily (news)paper
báo liếp news articles posted on a fence (usually in villages)
bát (1) bowl (for food)
(2) [CL for bowlfuls]
(3) eight
bát bửu eight weapons (for ornaments)
bát giới the Eight teachings (admonitions) of Buddha
bát mẫu china bowl (with a certain design)
bát nhã (Buddhism) prajna, enlightenment
bát quái the Eight Trigrams (càn, khảm, cấn, chấn, tốn, ly, khôn, đoài)
bát tiên the Eight Immortals (of Taoism)
bát tiết the eight festivals (beginnings of four seasons, equinoxes and solstices)
bát tuần eight years (of age)
bát đàn platter (made of coarse porcelain)
bâu (1) to group, swarm (around, over), cluster (flies)
(2) collar
bâu bíu to catch (on), clutch (at), cling (to), attach oneself (to)
bây (1) shameless, brazen
(2) this, this extent
bây giờ mấy giờ rồi what time is it (now)
bã (1) waste, residue
(2) exhausted
bãi (1) field, flat area, plain
(2) to stop, cease, halt, cancel, annul, disperse
bãi bể (sea) shore, beach
bãi bỏ to revoke, abolish, disband, cancel, lift (sanctions), abrogate
bãi cát (sand) beach, sandbank
bãi công to (go on a) strike
bãi khóa to strike (students)
bãi thị to strike (merchants)
bãi triều recess (of court)
bãi đất hoang waste land, abandoned land, vacant (piece of) land
bão (1) hurricane, storm, typhoon
(2) to be full after eating
bè (1) party, faction, band, group, circle, gang, society, alliance
(2) raft, float
bèo mây (lentil and cloud) unstable
bé little, small, tiny, young (before the name of a child)
béo fat, plump, obese; greasy (food)
béo ngấy greasy (food)
béo sưng swelling, fat pig (curse word)
bét (1) last, least, lowest (in a series, ranking)
(2) to be (badly) beaten, beaten to a pulp
(3) dead drunk
bét ra at (the) least
bét tĩ (1) to be the very last, completely
(2) to lose a competition
bê (1) calf, baby cow
(2) to carry with both hands
(3) disorderly
bên (tay) phải right (hand) side
bên (tay) trái left (hand) side
bên (1) side, face, party, team, area, place
(2) in, at (place, country)
bên bị cáo (side of the) accused
bên kia across, beyond, over, (on) the other side of
bì (1) to compare
(2) skin, derma, peel, envelope, bag
(3) tired, exhausted, sound asleep
bìa (1) cover
(2) card
(3) output
bình (1) average, plain, level, equal, balanced, calm, peaceful
(2) bottle, jar, pot, vase
(3) to criticize, comment on, examine
(4) marsh lentil, duckweed, water hyacinth
bình cầu balloon (in a laboratory)
bình phong (folding) screen
bình phẩm về to criticize (sb or sth)
bình phục to recover (from an illness), get well
bình thường quan hệ ngoại giao normal (diplomatic) relations
bình thủy thermos (bottle)
bình thứ pretty good (exam score)
bí (1) pumpkin, squash
(2) fine-toothed
(3) secret, mysterious
(4) obstructed, constipated, blocked, stumped
bí quyết secret (formula)
bí thư (1) secretary
(2) diplomat
bí truyền to hand down (formula) secretly
bí tết (beef)steak
bích (1) partition, wall
(2) emerald
bích báo newspaper (posted on a wall)
bím lock (of hair), tress
bò (1) cow, bull, ox
(2) to crawl, creep
bò sữa milk(ing) cow
bòn rút to squeeze (money)
bòng (1) grapefruit
(2) to carry in one’s arms, with both hands
bó to tie (in a bunch), bundle; bundle, bunch
bó hoa bouquet (of flowers)
bón (1) fertilizer; to fertilize
(2) to feed (an infant)
(3) constipated
(4) spirit, soul, medium
bóng (1) balloon, ball
(2) shadow, shade, light, photograph
(3) shiny
bóng bầu dục (American) football, rugby
bóng bẩy flashy, flowery, figurative (style)
bóng mát shade (from the sun)
bóng thủ fish bladder (delicacy)
bóng điện light (bulb)
bóp (1) wallet, purse, handbag
(2) to squeeze, grab, press with the hand
(3) police station
bóp nghẹt to strangle (freedom)
bô (1) old man, elder
(2) bed pan, chamber pot
bôi (1) to smear, rub out, blot out, be careless
(2) cup
bôm bốp clapping (of applause)
bôn tẩu to run after, flee, escape; to travel the length and width of (on business)
bôn xu run after (wealth)
bông (1) cotton
(2) flower, blossom, [CL for flowers]
(3) coupon
(4) to joke, jest, kid around
bông băng dressing (of wounds)
bõ (1) worthwhile
(2) old servant
bõ công worth the trouble (of doing)
bõm (1) plop
(2) very tight
bù (1) to compensate for, make up for
(2) messed up, disheveled (hair)
bù lại in return (for), in exchange, as compensation (for)
búi tó bun (hairstyle)
búp bud, shoot (of a plant)
bút pen, pencil, brush (writing instrument)
bút lông pen brush, quill, (writing) brush
bút đàm to hold a written conversation (using Chinese characters)
băm (1) thirty (contraction of ba mươi)
(2) to chop (meat), hash (Comp.)
băng (1) ice
(2) straight
(3) bank
(4) ribbon, strip, band, bandage, tape
băng bó to bandage, dress (a wound)
băng ghi âm (audio) recording
băng hà (1) glacier
(2) to die (king)
băng sau back seat (of a car)
băng trước front seat (of a car)
băng tần (radio) channel, frequency, band
băng đạn magazine (containing bullets)
bĩu môi to pucker (scornfully), purse one’s lips
bơ (1) butter
(2) shameless; to ignore
(3) helpless
bơ sữa (1) butter and milk
(2) self-indulgent, epicurean
bơ thờ (1) dazed, out of one's senses
(2) vagrant, homeless; to wander
bơi bướm butterfly (stroke)
bưu điện post office, Post, Telephone, and Telegraph Office (PTT)
bước lùi to step back(wards)
bước lùi ra sau to step back(wards)
bước qua to cross (over), step over, stride across or over
bước ra to step out (into)
bạ (1) randomly, at random, haphazard
(2) to register, record
(3) register, ledger, account book
bạc (1) silver, money, unit of currency
(2) faded, discolored
(3) ungrateful
(4) thin
(5) peppermint
bạc hà (pepper)mint
bạc phơ completely gray, white (hair)
bạch (1) white
(2) clear, bright, simple
bạch cúc (common) daisy
bạch dương (1) white poplar, birch
(2) Taurus
bạch lộ white dew ( th solar term)
bạch văn (in the) clear
bạch đàn eucalyptus, santal (tropical tree), sandlewood
bạch đậu khấu (white) cardamom
bại trận defeated (army)
bại tục (morally) corrupt
bạn friend, associate, companion, comrade (in something)
bạn bè friends (collectively), friendship
bạn trăm năm mate (for life), spouse
bạn đọc reader (someone reading something)
bạn đồng niên contemporary (someone the same age)
bạn đời companion (for life), wife or husband
bạo (1) bold, brave, daring, fearless
(2) cruel, wicked
bạo hành (act of) violence, assault
bạt (1) careless, negligent, rash, reckless
(2) epilogue
(3) to pull up, remove
(4) to moor
bả (1) poison, bait
(2) she (contraction of bà ấy)
bản (1) edition, version, tablet, block, copy, print, piece, document, edition, impression
(2) [CL for scripts, songs, plays, statements, treaties]
(3) root, basis, base, origin, source
bản chính original (copy), master
bản chức I (used by an official)
bản dịch translation (of a book, etc.)
bản nháp (rough) draft
bản sao copy (of an original document)
bản thảo manuscript, outline, sketch, (rough) draft
bản tính (one’s internal) character, nature, disposition
bảng bulletin, board, notice, placard, sign, table (of figures, etc.)
bảng màu palette (of painter)
bảng tính điện tử (electronic) spreadsheet
bảnh bao smart, elegant (of clothing)
bảo (1) to say, order, tell (someone to do something)
(2) to insure
(3) to protect, guard
(4) precious, valuable
bảo an binh guard (provincial or district), militia
bảo nhi minor (under guardianship)
bảo quyến your (precious) family
bảo quản to maintain, keep (in good condition), preserve, store
bảo đừng to forbid (someone from doing something)
bảy (1) see bẩy
(2) seven
bấc (1) northern (wind)
(2) pith, cork, wick
bấm to press, push (button), click
bấm ngọn pinch off buds (shoot) of
bấm tím bruised (from being hit)
bấm vào to press (sth)
bấn to be short, lacking (of help, money)
bất (1) not, non-, un-
(2) type of card game
bất câu no matter (which, what, when, etc.)
bất cứ any (at all)
bất cứ ai anybody, anyone (at all)
bất cứ khi nào whenever (something happens)
bất cứ lúc nào (at) any time, anytime, at any moment, whenever
bất cứ điều gì anything (at all)
bất hiếu undutiful, ungrateful (toward one’s parents)
bất hủ immortal (figure, work)
bất kham uncontrollable (of a horse)
bất kỳ (1) any, arbitrary
(2) unexpected, unintended
bất luận any; regardless (of)
bất mục difference (of), disagreement (in), discord (in), unfriendly hostile, inimical
bất tử (1) immortal
(2) all of a sudden, suddenly
bấu véo to nip off little by little (in a brazen way), pinch and scratch
bấu xén to squeeze, chop off (sum of money)
bấy (1) tender, immature, green, (2) that, that extent
bần cùng (1) poverty; poor, needy, destitute
(2) only when one cannot help it, only as a last resort
bần tăng I (poor monk)
bần đạo I (poor priest)
bầng bầng burn (with)
bầu (1) bottle, gourd
(2) [CL for moods, ambience, atmosphere]
(3) sphere, globe
(4) friend, pal; to become friendly
(5) to vote (for), elect
bầu giác cup (used in medicine)
bầy (1) to display, show
(2) pack, herd, flock, gang, band
bầy tôi subject, follower (of a ruler)
bẩm (1) to report, say (something to someone above you)
(2) polite particle
(3) to give, endow
bẩm ông sir (form of address)
bẩn (1) dirty, filthy
(2) stingy, miserly
bẩy (1) seven
(2) to pry (up)
bậc (1) step, rung, rank, level, grade, degree
(2) [CL for famous, great people, heroes]
bậc cửa doorstep, threshold (of a door)
bận (1) busy, occupied
(2) to dress, wear clothes
(3) time, occurrence
bập bùng to thump (a distant drum)
bật bông to card cotton, keep on playing (badly), grind out
bật lên to come on (light)
bật đèn xanh to give (sb) the green light
bậu (1) threshold
(2) you
bắc (1) to build (across something), put up
(2) north, northern, Chinese
(3) ferry boat
bắc thuộc Chinese domination (of VN)
bắn (1) to fire, shoot, launch
(2) to splash
bắn bốn phát to fire four (gun)shots
bắn hụt to fire on (but miss)
bắn lầm to (shoot and) miss
bắn tiếng to send word (through an intermediary)
bắn tỉa quân địch to snipe (at) the enemy
bắp (1) corn
(2) [CL for ears of corn, cabbages]
bắp chân calf (part of leg)
bắt (1) to get, obtain, catch, seize, arrest, take, capture
(2) to forge, oblige, constrain, compel
bắt chước (1) to imitate, copy, mimic, forge; imitation, copying
(2) cloning
bắt mối động từ to make contact, get into touch (for the first time) with, make contact (with)
bắt nhịp to conduct (an orchestra, a choir), beat time, be in tune with
bắt nạt nước nhỏ to bully a small(er) country
bắt nợ to seize debtor’s property (in payment or in attempt to speed up payment)
bắt tay (1) to shake hands
(2) to begin, start
bằm to chop up (into very small bits)
bằng (1) equal to, the same as, even, level, flat, calm, peaceful, safe
(2) to use, be made of; to travel by (means of), be transported by, run (using some fuel)
(3) friend, comrade
(4) diploma, certificate
(5) by means of, with, in (language)
(6) proof, evidence, sup
bằng dầu tây to use (run on) kerosene
bằng lòng (1) happy, satisfied, content
(2) to agree
bằng nhựa (made of) plastic
bằng tiếng Mỹ in (American) English
bẹ ocrea-maize, Indian corn; spathe (of areca palm leaf)
bẻ (1) to criticize
(2) to bend, break, pick (fruit), fold, pin
bẻ lái to steer (boat, ship)
bế (1) to carry in one’s arms (a child), pick up
(2) close
bế môn tỏa cảng to close (sea)ports
bến phà ferry (landing)
bếp (1) kitchen, stove
(2) cook
bết (1) to stick to, adhere to
(2) tired, mediocre
bề (1) dimension, side, edge, rim, border
(2) sea, tank
bề dưới inferior people (in rank and status), lower status, subordinate, younger people
bề mặt area, surface, face, heads (on a coin)
bề ngoài appearance, externals, outside (of something); exterior, outward
bề thế influence (deriving from a high position); powerful, in an advantageous position
bề trái the other side (of a coin, an issue)
bề trên superior (in rank and status)
bể (1) broken (glass, pottery etc.)
(2) sea, ocean, tank, cistern
bệ tì (gun) support
bện hơi (of child) hang on or around
bện tóc plait or braid one’s hair, do up one’s hair in a plait; join, associate oneself (with)
bệnh nghiện addiction (as a disease, illness)
bệt (1) to sit on the ground
(2) silly, stupid
bỉ (1) low, vulgar, scornful, contemptuous, lowly, vulgar, humble
(2) Belgium, Belgian
(3) that
bỉ nhân I (humble term)
bỉ thử this and that, here and there, then and now, you and I, both (something), mutually
bị (1) bag, (knap)sack
(2) to suffer, undergo, experience, (suffering passive marker)
(3) to prepare for in advance
bị can to be accused, the accused (person)
bị cháy to be burned (out)
bị chặn lại to be detained, be stopped (by police, authorities)
bị dính vào to be stuck in (sth unpleasant)
bị hình thức bệnh to suffer from a symptom (of an illness)
bị mất tích to be missing (of people)
bị rò rỉ to be leaked (report, etc.)
bị thất bại to be defeated, fail (a business)
bị thức giấc to be woken up (unpleasantly)
bị treo giò to be grounded (of a pilot)
bị té to fall (down)
bị từ chối to be refused (something)
bị xử lý to be charged with (a crime)
bị ép buộc to be forced (to do something)
bị điện giật to be shocked (by electricity)
bị đuổi sở to be fired, dismissed (from a job)
bị đứng tim to have one’s heart stop (beating)
bịch (1) thud
(2) large basket
bọ chó flea (on a dog)
bọc (1) to cover, wrap; package, bundle, bag, sack, pack
(2) to protect, shelter; cover(ing)
bọc trăm trứng the sack of 100 eggs (from which the first Vietnamese clans were born)
bọn Mỹ Americans (as a group)
bọn Mỹ trắng white Americans (as a group)
bọn tao we, us (familiar)
bọt bèo foam and lentil (something humble and insignificant)
bỏ (1) to leave, quit, abandon (a policy), drop, divorce
(2) to insert, put, invest (into)
bỏ hoang untilled, uncultivated (land)
bỏ lỡ to miss (chance, opportunity)
bỏ mạng to die (leave this life)
bỏ mứa to leave (food) unfinished
bỏ ngỏ to leave open (door or window)
bỏ thì giờ to spend time (on sth)
bỏ thầu to bid (on a contract)
bỏng (1) burnt, scalded
(2) see phỏng
(3) popcorn
bố (1) father; chap, fellow, guy, buddy
(2) to terrorize
(3) to spread, disseminate, publish
(4) cloth
bố láo jerk (annoying person)
bố y cotton garments (the common people)
bốc (1) to rise, emanate
(2) to draw (a card), take with one’s fingers
(3) boxing
(4) to discharge, unload
(5) divine
bối (1) back
(2) age, group, generation
(3) shells, valuables
bối thự to endorse (check)
bốn phương the cardinal points (N,S,E,W), four directions, the four corners of the earth, everywhere
bốp (1) sound of a slap
(2) very white (of linen)
bồ (1) friend, pal, chum; close
(2) basket
(3) reed, rush
bồ đề bodhi (tree)
bồi (1) to build up with earth
(2) to strengthen, make strong, glue together
(3) houseboy, waiter
(4) to reimburse, compensate, restore, indemnify
bồn nước (decorative) fountain, water basin
bồng (1) to lift, carry (in one’s arms); to present (arms)
(2) roof of a boat
bồng bế to carry (a child)
bổ (1) to hit, split, cleave, open (a fruit)
(2) nutritious, nourishing
(3) to add, complement, supplement
(4) to appoint, name
bổ cứu to rectify shortcomings and reform abuses, save (a situation)
bổ huyết tonic (for anemia)
bổ máu tonic (for anemia)
bổ nhiệm to appoint, designate; appointment (to a position)
bổ phế to fortify the lungs (tonic)
bổ sung to add, complete, supplement, make good (on something)
bổ sung thêm to add (an additional number of items)
bổ thận to fortify the kidneys (tonic)
bổ tâm to fortify the heart (drug)
bổ tỳ to fortify the spleen (tonic)
bổ vị to fortify the stomach (tonic)
bổn (see also bản)
bổn đạo one’s own religion (referred to humbly)
bổng (1) to rise (up)
(2) bonus, pay, salary
bỗng (1) to be very light
(2) to act suddenly; suddenly
bộ (1) section, part department, ministry
(2) gear, part, device
(3) radical (of a Chinese character)
(4) collection, set, pack (cards), suit (clothes)
(5) appearance, mean, behavior, bearing
(6) step, pace
(7) [CL for laws]
(8) land
(9) foot
(10) re
bộ ngực (set of) breasts, bosom
bộ quần áo (set of) clothes
bộ thắng brakes, set of brakes (on a car)
bộ xử lí đầu trước front end processor (FEP)
bộ óc the brains (of something), mind
bộ điều hưởng tuner (television, radio)
bộ điều khiển từ xa remote control (TV)
bộc (1) servant
(2) to display, show, manifest
bội (1) to violate, break
(2) to double, multiply
(3) opera, classical theater
bội số multiple (of another number)
bột (1) flower, meal, powder, cereals
(2) suddenly
bớt đau to lessen, reduce (pain)
bờ bến shore and dock (or port), limit, border, coast
bở (1) crumbly
(2) gainful, profitable
bởi because of, on account of, by (means of)
bợ vơ to be abandoned, helpless, friendless (in a strange place)
bục (1) platform
(2) to give way (bottom of container)
bụi (1) dust, dusty
(2) mourning, grieving
(3) thicket, brush, shrub
bụng chân calf (of the leg)
bức (1) hot, torrid
(2) to oppress
(3) [CL for walls, paintings, etc.]
bừa (1) to plow, harrow; harrow
(2) disorderly, chaotic
bựa food (in one’s teeth), tartar (teeth), smegma
bực (1) degree, rank, step, grade
(2) angry, annoyed
(3) see bậc
ca (1) to sing
(2) case
ca bô bonnet (of car)
ca gản bold, daring, reckless enough (to do something)
ca mổ (surgical) operation
ca ngâm recite (poem), sing
ca nhạc music (and singing)
cai (1) to oversee, watch
(2) to refrain, abstain from, quit
cai quản (1) to manage, administer, govern, supervise, rule
(2) administrator, foreman
(3) corporal (military rank)
cai sữa to wean (from milk)
cam (1) to resign oneself to
(2) orange
(3) sweet, pleasant
can (1) to stop, dissuade
(2) to concern, involve
(3) to dissuade, stop someone from doing something, interfere, break up
(4) symbol of the Chinese zodiac
(5) shield
(6) liver
(7) to accuse
can ngăn to advise (against something), dissuade
can tội to commit (a crime), be guilty of a crime, be charged with a crime, be accused of a crime
canh (1) soup
(2) to guard, watch over
(3) to plow
(4) to change, alter
(5) 7th cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
canh chừng observation, surveillance; to (keep) watch, observe
canh gà cockcrow (announcing dawn)
canh một first watch (military)
canh thiếp age card (of the betrothed)
canh ti to go shares (with somebody) (in something)
cao (1) tall, high; to be ~ tall, active; to excel; lofty, noble
(2) ointment
cao cường superior (in strength), excellent
cao hơn nữa (even) higher, (even) more
cao lớn tall (of stature)
cao niên aged, old, elder(ly)
cao tầng multi-story, tall (building)
cao vọng (high) ambition
cao đàm talk profusely (about), hold forth (on)
cau (1) to frown
(2) areca palm
cay (1) to be hot (spicy)
(2) small crab
cay cú revengeful and bent on recoup one’s losses (like a bad loser), con
cha father (also as a title for a priest), mister
cha già (one’s own) father
chan to souse (liquid food) on rice
chanh chòi ill-natured, cantankerous (said of children)
chao (1) (exclamation)
(2) lamp shade
chao ôi (exclamation)
chau to frown, knit (one’s brows)
chay tịnh strictly austere (as a Buddhist)
che đậy to cover (up), conceal
chen to make one’s way through a crowd, cut in (speech)
chen chân to force, jostle one’s way through, squeeze into (a place)
chen lấn to jostle (someone) out, elbow (someone) out
chi bộ cell (of party)
chi hội branch or chapter or local (of an association or a society)
chi lưu tributary, affluent (of a river)
chi nhánh branch (office), subsidiary
chi phiếu check (monetary)
chi phái branch (of a family)
chi phó payment(s)
chia phần to share (out)
chinh an horse saddle (of the warrior)
chinh phạt to mount a punitive expedition (against a smaller nation)
chiêm (1) (of a rice harvest) fifth lunar month
(2) to look up to, admire, observe
(3) to divine
(4) Cham
chiên (1) to fry
(2) sheet; sheep, struggle; to be good
chiêu hồn to call up the soul (of a dead person)
chiêu lệ as a matter of form, in form only, follow the letter (and not the spirit) of sth
chiếc (1) [CL for vehicles, machines]
(2) only, one, sole
chiếc oanh tạc bomber (plane)
chiếc váy ngắn cũn cỡn a very (too) short skirt
chiếm đóng to occupy (territory); occupation
chiến (1) conflict, war
(2) good, terrific
chiến thuật tactic(s)
chiến tranh du kích guerrilla war(fare)
chiến tranh vùng Vịnh (Persian) Gulf war
chiến đấu cơ fighter (plane), warplane
chiết (1) to deduct, take off, reduce
(2) to graft (a plant)
chiếu (1) projection; to project, show, air (a program)
(2) sleeping mat
(3) to shine
chiều (1) afternoon (late), early evening; direction; p.m.
(2) direction, course, manner
chiều ngày the afternoon (of the day)
chiệc Chinese (person)
cho ai cả for anyone (at all)
cho biết nguyên nhân to give a reason (why)
cho mày for you (familiar)
cho phép to permit, allow, authorize, give permission (to do something)
cho rằng to say (that), state (that)
cho tới bây giờ (up) until now
cho tới khi nào until (the time, moment) that
cho đến chừng nào until (the time when)
cho đến thời until the time (period)
choai choái to (give a) cry, scream, yell
choàng (1) to throw over
(2) to wake up suddenly
choái support (for climbers)
chu trình (recurrent) cycle
chui (1) illegal, not legal
(2) to creep, climb
chui rúc to huddle (into a cramped place)
chung kết final (round in sports), finale
chung lưng to join forces (with somebody), combine or unite
chung nhau to have in common (with each other)
chung tình steadfast, loyal, faithful (love, sex)
chung vốn to invest money (by pooling it together)
chuyên (1) to transfer, transport, carry
(2) to concentrate on, specialize in, focus on
chuyến bay flight (of a plane)
chuyển to take, transfer, move, transmit, convert, change, pass, shift, switch (over)
chuyển biên to arrange (a piece of music)
chuyển bánh to start off (of a vehicle)
chuyển bệnh recede (of illness)
chuyển dời to move (from one position to another)
chuyển khoản transfer (of money)
chuyển mạng roaming (between networks)
chuyển qua to admit (to a place); to move
chuyển quân rotate, rotation (of troops)
chuyển tiếp to change, transition, forward (a letter)
chuyển đạt to transmit, communicate (higher level’s ideas, orders)
chuyện gì what (thing, issue)
chuyện hơi dài it’s a (bit of a) long story
chuyện này this (matter)
chuyện trái ngược opposite (thing, situation)
chuyện đó that (thing, issue)
chuyện ấy that (thing, issue)
chuôm puddle, pool (in fields)-branch dipped in water (for fish to live
chuông bấm (door)bell, buzzer
chuông reo ring (of a bell)
chuông điện thoại bell (of a telephone)
chuẩn bị để to prepare (to have sth happen)
chuẩn chi to authorize (some expenditure)
chuẩn độ standard, title (of gold), grade content (of ore)
chuối cau areca banana (a kind of banana)
chuối hột pip banana (a kind of banana)
chuối mật kind of banana (red, sweet, meaty)
chuối ngự king banana (a kind of banana)
chuối tiêu aromatic banana (a kind of banana)
chuối tây banana (thick)
chuỗi (1) string, series
(2) necklace, chain
chuỗi phím key(stroke) combination
chuột mouse (also computer), rodent, rat
chuột bi xoay trackball (mouse)
chà (1) (exclamation of surprise)
(2) to crush, grind
chàm (1) olive, (2) Champa, Cham, (3) indigo (dye)
chàng (1) young man, fellow, guy; he him (of a young man); you (said by wife to husband)
(2) chisel
chàng trai (young) fellow, lad
chành open wide (one’s mouth)
chán (1) to have a lot of, plenty of
(2) to be sick of, tired of; dull, boring, uninteresting
chán ngán bored, (sick and) tired of, utterly discontented
chánh (1) chief, head
(2) see chính
chánh sứ chief envoy (of a feudal mission)
cháu hư tại bà if a child is bad, it is the mother’s fault (proverb)
cháu ruột nephew, niece (one’s brother’s or sister’s child)
cháy bùng to blaze up, burst into flame(s), go up in flames
châm lửa to light (a fire, match, cigarette)
chân (1) foot, leg; member
(2) true, sincere, real, honest
chân châu pearl(s)
chân giò (pig’s) trotters
chân lông root (of hair)
chân tu to be a true believer (monk, nun)
chân vạc tripodal (like the three legs of a cauldron), troika-like
chè tea (leaves); tea (the beverage); kind of desert
chèn to force (out of the way)
chém xuống to chop down(wards)
chén (1) cup, bowl, cupful
(2) to eat and drink
chén tống large tea cup (used to pour tea into smaller ones)
chép (1) to write down, copy, transcribe, note
(2) carp (kind of fish)
(3) to smack (one’s lips, mouth)
chì lead (metal)
chìa (1) key
(2) to stretch out, extend, show, produce
chìm to sink (a ship), become submerged; hidden, concealed
chí (1) will, volition
(2) to, up to
chín nhũn soft (because cooked too long or overripe)
chín nẫu (of fruit) be too ripe, rotten, overripe
chín vàng yellow-ripened (fruits)
chính biến coup (d’état), revolution, political upheaval, putsch
chính phạm principal (of an offence), author of a crime
chính quyền trung ương central(ized) government, administration
chính quả (Buddhism) future bliss, reward for a devout life
chính thống giáo orthodox religion, the (Greek, Russian) Orthodox Church
chính trị viên political instructor (at company or battalion level)
chính tẩm main bedroom (for natural death)
chính văn original text (as opposed to a copy)
chòm tuft (of hair), clump (of trees), bunch (of flowers), group (of stars)
chòng vòng wait till (something) is over
chó lửa hammer (on a handgun)
chót end, last (in a series), final
chôn giấu to bury (as a means of hiding something)
chùa chiền (Buddhist) temple, pagoda
chú (1) uncle, father’s younger brother
(2) to note, annotate, explain, mark
(3) to pour
(4) incantation, spell
chú tiểu novice, lay brother (in Buddhist temple)
chú âm to indicate pronunciation (phonetically)
chúa (1) God; lord, master
(2) very, extremely
chúc to wish (someone something)
chúc thọ to wish a long life, birthday (for an old person)
chúc từ formal eulogy with wishes (at a ceremony, banquet)
chúm chím to open slightly (one’s lips)
chúng group, people; (pluralizer for persons)
chúng em we (when addressing one’s elder brother or sister)
chúng mày you (plural, impolite)
chúng mình we (inclusive)
chúng nó they (impolite)
chúng ta we (includes the speaker and the person spoken to)
chúng tôi we, us (excluding the person addressed)
chúng ông we (very arrogant)
chút (1) a little bit, a tiny bit, a short while
(2) great-great grandchild
chút nào hết (not) one bit, (not) even a little
chăm sóc care, attention, supervision; to see to, look after, take care of, attend on (upon), care for
chăn (1) blanket
(2) to herd
chăng (1) to stretch, spread
(2) (interrogative particle showing doubt)
chơi to go out, be out, go for a walk, have a good time, play, amuse oneself (with); fun, amusement, play, game
chơi ngông exceed the limits (of)
chơi nhởn amuse oneself (without) doing anything), idle playing
chơi trèo to keep company with older (wealthier) people
chơi ác to play a mean trick (on someone)
chư hầu satellite (country), vassal, follower
chư ông gentlemen (as a term of address)
chưa not yet, yet (to happen)
chưa kịp to not yet be able to, not be able to do (before sth else happens)
chưa not yet, yet (to happen)
chưa từng to never have (done sth)
chưa từng có từ trước tới giờ unprecedented, previously unknown (until now)
chưa được not yet, not quite (period of time)
chưa đầy tháng less than a month (ago)
chưng (1) because
(2) to steam, stew
(3) to show off
chương (1) laws, rules, regulations
(2) chapter
chương trình program (also computer), project, plan
chương trình ứng dụng (computer) application
chước quỷ mưu thần Machiavellian stratagem(s)
chướng offensive (sight), unseemly, unsound
chưởng bạ (village) recorder, land registrar
chưởng khế (public) notary
chưởng môn head (of a group)
chượp brined (salt-pickled) fish (from which fish sauce is made)
chạm nọc to touch (someone) to the raw, cut (someone) to the quick
chạnh lòng (to be) affected, (to be) moved; moved, affected
chạp mả visit one’s ancestor tombs (at the end of the lunar year)
chạy chương trình to run a (computer) program
chạy chữa to treat with every possible means (a seriously ill person)
chạy nhanh to run fast, be fast (of a clock)
chạy tốt to run well (car)
chạy vát (navy) beat to windward, against the wind, off the wind
chạy xa to run away, get far (from)
chả (1) grilled chopped meat, grilled chopped fish, grilled chopped shrimp
(2) to not be or do
chảy (of a liquid) to run, flow
chấm dot, point; to correct, grade (papers)
chấm dứt câu chuyện to finish (telling) a story
chấm hết to put a final stop to (a writing)
chấm phần secure apart, stake out a part (of a legacy)
chấn (1) to shake
(2) to encourage, organize
(3) fourth trigram
chấp (1) to reproach, bear a grudge
(2) to give (an advantage)
(3) to hold, approve, manage, execute
(4) juice
chấp bút to put down in writing (the ideas of a community)
chấp lệnh carry out an order, order, see (that)
chất chì lead (metal)
chất nổ explosive (material)
chất nổ thường conventional (as opposed to nuclear, e.g.) explosive
chất thải waste (matter, material)
chẩn (1) to examine, treat
(2) to help (the needy)
chậm rãi (of speech) slow and posed
chắc dạ to have a feeling of fullness (in one’s stomach)
chắc khó unlikely (to happen)
chắm dip (in, into)
chẳng ai khác hơn là to be none other than (person)
chẳng bao lâu sau đó not long after(wards)
chẳng còn lòng dạ nào để to have no more desire to (do sth)
chẳng có lý do gì to have no reason (at all) to
chẳng hỏi thêm một câu to not ask any (more) questions
chẳng quản not to mind (difficulty)
chẳng thèm to disregard, neglect (to do sth)
chặng leg (of a trip); point
chặp moment (in time), instant
chặt (1) fast, close, tight; solid
(2) to cut, chop down
chặt ngọn to cut the top off (a tree), (fig) beat to the punch
chế ra to manufacture, turn out; to coin (a word)
chết bầm to kill (by smashing into pieces), chop into bits
chết chửa my goodness! (exclamation of regret, dismay)
chết cười to die laughing (used figuratively)
chết hụt escape death (very narrowly)
chết khô dead, withered, (of flowers) fade, wither, droop
chết điếng to be stupefied to insensibility (with pain)
chết đứng to be transfixed (with terror)
chểnh mảng to neglect, slack off in (one’s duty)
chỉ (1) only
(2) to lead
(3) to point, indicate, show, point out
(4) thread
chỉ còn mấy ngày nữa là there are only a few more days left (until)
chỉ có những người there are only a few people (who)
chỉ huy trưởng commander, commanding officer (of an army unit)
chỉ hẹp 40 dậm only 40 miles wide (narrow)
chỉ hồng pink thread (the symbol of marriage), matrimonial ties
chỉ số Nikkei Nikkei (stock) index
chỉ tay vào to point (with the hand) at
chỉ trỏ to point (with the fingers)
chỉ đạo to guide, steer, lead the way, instruct (sb to do sth); leading
chỉn e be afraid (of), for fear (that)
chỉnh (1) right, straight; to correct (2) to be set, arranged
chị older sister, you (to young woman), your wife, Miss
chị chồng sister-in-law (elder sister of one’s husband)
chị dâu sister-in-law (wife of one’s elder brother)
chị em sisters (young women fellow members of the same community)
chịu to be influenced by; to sustain, bear, accept, be subject to, experience (something unpleasant, difficult), endure, stand, put up with; on credit
chịu không nổi to be unable to bear (sth); unbearable
chịu tang to go into mourning (for someone)
chọn mục to select (a topic)
chọn ngày to fix or set or choose the date (for something)
chống án appeal (legal); to appeal a verdict
chốt an toàn safety pin (on a grenade)
chồng (1) husband
(2) stack
chồng chéo to overlap (in an irregular way)
chổi (1) broom
(2) camphor
chỗ ngồi seat (in a car, e.g.), place to sit
chộp lấy to snatch (up), grab
chột (1) scared
(2) stunted
(3) one-eyed
chớ but, and; do not, let’s not; should not, do not (do something); (indicates assurance, certainty)
chớ nên one shouldn’t (do something); don’t
chớp (1) lightning (bolt), flash, flare
(2) to display, show, lighten, blink, wink, project, show
(3) to steal, swipe, pinch, snatch
chớt nhả to (speak, act) half-seriously
chờ sẵn (ready and) waiting
chờ đến cái lúc to wait for the moment (when)
chờ đợi to wait (for)
chở vào to transport to, take (sb) to
chở vào nhà thương to take (sb) to the hospital
chợt nhớ tới to suddently remember (sth)
chợt thấy to see (something) all of a sudden
chụp to spring upon and seize; to take (photographs)
chụp đèn chimney (of lamps)
chủ biên editor (of a publication)
chủ bút editor (of a publication), editor-in-chief
chủ nghĩa anh hùng heroism (as an ideal)
chủ ngữ subject (of a sentence)
chủ phiên dịch interpret (computer)
chủ quyền quốc gia (national) sovereignty
chủ quán innkeeper, caterer, restaurateur, proprietor (of an establishment)
chủ từ subject (grammatical)
chứ and, but (not); (finally particle) of course, sure, certainly
chứa to contain, hold, store, keep, lodge (persons)
chứa chấp to hide, conceal, receive, shelter (illegally)
chức office, duty, rank (military), role, position
chức dịch village officials (in former times)
chức trách authorities (in charge); responsibility, duty
chứng dẫn to produce evidence (proof)
chứng nao when (in future or general)
chửi bới to call (someone) bad names, insult, curse
chửi thề (1)to swear, curse
(2) to bounce out, slip out
chữ Nôm Nom characters (Chinese characters used to write Vietnamese)
chữ cái letter (of an alphabet)
chữ giản thể simplified word, (Chinese) character
chữ nôm demotic script (ancient Vietnamese script)
chữ thảo grass style, cursive writing (Chinese)
chữa thương to heal (a wound)
chững (1) right, proper, correct
(2) to totter, wobble
co ro shriveled up (from cold)
con (1) [CL for animals and other small objects]
(2) child; you (said to a child by a parent); I (said to a parent by a child), I (said by a believer to a religious figure)
(3) young, small, baby
con gì (used at the end of a sentence to denote that something has long started)
con gì nữa (used at the end of a sentence to denote that something has long started)
con khỉ monkey; “my ass”, “my foot” (expressing disagreement with a statement)
con quay top (child’s toy)
con rồng cháu tiên the Vietnamese people (children of the fairy and the dragon)
con số kỷ lục record number(s)
con tiều monkey; “my ass”, “my foot” (expressing disagreement with a statement)
con đội (automobile, lifting) jack
cua nước thin crab (little meat, no fat)
cua óp thin crab (little meat, no fat)
cung (1) to supply
(2) bow (used with arrows)
cung chúc tân xuân happy new year (lunar)
cung cấp supply (in a market); provide; to furnish, supply, provide
cung văn instrumentalist (for a trance)
cung ứng suốt mùa đông to last through the winter (food, e.g.)
cuốc bộ walk, ride (go) on shank’s mare
cuốn (1) [CL for units of bound volumes]
(2) to sweep
(3) to roll, coil, wrap
cuốn sử history book, history (of something)
cuộc [CL for meetings, gatherings); office, action
cuộc giết người (case of) murder
cuộc gọi (telephone) call
cuộc tranh cử campaign (for office), election campaign
cuộc triệt thoái withdrawal (of troops)
cuộc đầu phiếu a vote (on an issue)
cuội kết conglomerate (geology)
cuộn (1) roll, bale, spool
(2) to roll
cuộn khúc (of snake) coil up or twist, wind, meander
cà (1) eggplant
(2) to rub, grind
càng (1) to be so much the ~er, increasing, more and more
(2) claw, shaft
càng cua nippers or pincers (of crabs)
càng lo ngại to worry even more (than before)
càng mừng happier (and happier)
càng ngày càng tốt better (and better) every day
cành (1) branch, limb (of a tree)
(2) landscape, view, scenery, scene
cành cây branch (of a tree)
cày dầm plough (the land) when it is overflowed
cày máy tractor (-drawn) plough
cá (1) fish
(2) individual, part, unit
(3) to bet, gamble, wager
cá nhân tôi personally (I feel, think, etc)
cá quả snake-head (mullet)
các (1) (pluralizer); these, various
(2) council chambers
(3) card
(4) to pay (additionally) as part of a deal
các anh you (men and women) (plural)
các bà you (women) (plural)
các bạn you (familiar plural)
các chị you (plural)
các cô you (plural)
các cậu you (plural)
các giới chức (the) authorities
các ông you (masc. pl)
cách (1) distant, distance from, separated by
(2) way, manner, fashion, method
(3) to change, alter
cách cảm (mental) telepathy, empathy
cách giải quyết vấn đề (method of) problem solving
cách mạng tháng Tám (VN communist) revolution of 19 August 1945
cách nhiệt heat shield (e.g. on the space shuttle)
cách nhà chức trách (the) authorities
cách nào how, (using) what method
cách điện insulation; to insulate (electrically), isolate
cách đó (1) since then, from there
(2) that way, that method
cái (1) [CL for most inanimate objects, isolated events]
(2) object, thing
(3) female
(4) main, principle
(5) solid substances in soup (as opposed to nước, the liquid, broth)
cái giọng nói voice (of someone speaking)
cái họng súng muzzle (of a gun)
cái kiểu như (just) like, in the same way as
cái lưng back (part of the body)
cái ngố (act of) stupidity, stupid thing
cái nào which (thing)
cái quen something known, the usual (thing)
cái tụi group (derogatory)
cái đó that (thing), that one
cái đầu máy hood (of a car)
cái ấy that (thing)
cám (1) to feel, move, affect
(2) bran
cán (1) to manage, attend to
(2) to grind
(3) handle, rod, staff, grip
(4) talent, skill
cán bộ official (person)
cánh (1) wing, pedal
(2) [CL for sails]
cánh bèo drifting condition (of a woman)
cáo (1) to announce, report; to feign, fake
(2) fox
cáo chung to announce (the end of something)
cát (1) sand
(2) lucky, happy
cát biết knowledge (of something)
cát hung good or ill (omen)
cáu (1) angry
(2) dirt
cân (1) to weigh; equal, balanced; balance, scales
(2) tendon, muscle, nerve
(3) towel, handkerchief
(4) one kilogram
cân anh English pounds (unit of weight)
cân nhắc to consider, deliberate, debate, weigh (pros and cons)
cân đai turban and belt (of mandarins’ court robes), court robes
câu (1) phrase, expression, sentence
(2) to fish, go fishing
câu lạc bộ club, casino, mess (hall)
câu nhắp dab, pull the fishing rod up and down (to tempt fish)
cây (1) plant, tree
(2) [CL for long thin objects, firearms]
cây bông (1) cotton plant
(2) fireworks
cây nho vine (of grapes)
cò (1) trigger
(2) stork, egret
(3) police chief
(4) (postage) stamp
cò cưa to perform badly (on a violin)
còn (1) to be, remain, be left, have left
(2) also, as for, still, in addition
còn lâu far away (from now), never
còn đang to still be (doing sth)
còng (1) hunchbacked, bent, curved, arched
(2) handcuffed, bound; to handcuff
có bụi to be (in) mourning
có chồng married (said of a woman)
có cái chó gì what (the heck, hell)
có cái tật to have a habit, be in the habit of (doing sth)
có cô hồn possessed (by an evil spirit)
có cơ to run the risk (of), risk
có cơ hội to have the opportunity (to do sth)
có dịp to have the opportunity, occasion (to do something)
có hiếu dutiful (to one’s parents)
có hồn của nó to have one’s own (separate) personality, characteristics
có khi còn tệ hơn maybe (it’s even) worse
có khó gì isn't difficult (at all)
có một điều gì there is something, there is a matter (that)
có mới không? is (it) new?
có nhiều there is (are) much or many; to have much or many, be numerous
có nơi there is, there are places (where something happens)
có phép (1) polite
(2) to be able to
có phù hợp với quy hoạch according to (a, the) plan
có phương tiện và cơ hội to have means and opportunity (to do something)
có phải is it true that; to be true; isn’t it (tag question)?
có quyền to have authority, right, power (to do something)
có rất nhiều cách there are many ways (to do sth)
có thói quen to have, be in the habit (of doing something)
có tính to intend, expect; to have (be of) a quality, nature
có tính chất to be (like), have a nature, characteristic
có tật giật mình if the cap or shoe fits, wear it, (there’s)
có việc gì why, for what (reason)
có vợ (of a man) to be married
có điều khiển guided (e.g. missile)
có đựng to contain, have (inside)
cóc (1) toad
(2) (slang for không)
cói reed (used to weave sleeping mat)
cô (1) aunt (father’s sister); Miss (form of address for a young lady), etc.
(2) lonely, isolated, solitary
cô chiêu young lady (of upper class family)
cô dì aunts (mother’s and father’s side)
cô giáo (female) teacher
cô hầu bàn waitress, server (in a restaurant)
cô ta (1) quota
(2) she (said of a young woman)
cô thư ký (female) secretary
cô tiên fairy (woman)
cô ấy she (said of a young woman)
côm cốp tap (on), patter (on)
côn quyền stick and fist (the two arts of fighting)
công (1) labor, effort, work
(2) (bank) account
(3) peacock
(4) duke
(5) wages, salary, pay
(6) fair, equal, just
(7) public, common
(8) to attack
công an viên security officer, irregular or semiofficial policeman (in rural areas)
công binh army engineer, (military) corps of engineers
công chúng the public; (in) public
công khai phủ nhận to publicly deny (something)
công lập public (institution)
công nghệ truy nhập gói tốc độ cao high speed packet access (HSPA)
công phẫn be indignant (at something, with something)
công suất power (of motor), output capacity, capacity
công trình to work; undertaking, engineering, (literary) work, project
công tác phí expenses (for a business trip)
công tơ meter (for recording electricity)
công tước duke, duchess (title of nobility)
công tố to prosecute (on behalf of the state)
công viên (public) park, (public) garden
công xuất (motor) power
cù (1) to tickle
(2) top
cùi (1) pulp, meat
(2) leper
cùm chain, shackle, fetter(s); to chain, shackle, fetter
cùng same, together; to act together (with), and; to follow
cùng một nhòng to be of the same generation (age-group)
cùng quê với to be from the same place as (someone else)
cùng thời kỳ the same period (of time)
cú (1) sentence
(2) owl
(3) blow, shot, hit (with the knuckles)
cúa palate (part of the mouth)
cúc cúc chick-chick (noise of hen)
cúi gằm to bend down (because of shame or shyness)
cúi luồn to fawn (upon), grovel (before)
cúi người xuống to bend (one’s body) over
cúi xin ask humbly (somebody about something)
cúi đầu to bow (one’s head), nod
cúm núm (1) watercock, gallicrex cinerea
(2) timid, shy, scared
cúng to offer sacrifices (religious), make offerings; sacrifice, offering
cúng tổ tiên to make offerings to one’s ancestor(s)
cúp to cut, disconnect, cut in (traffic)
căm (1) to bear, hold a grudge
(2) spoke (of a wheel)
căn (1) apartment, flat
(2) [CL for houses, apartments, rooms]
(3) cause, origin, root
căn cứ không quân air (force) base
căn số (math) root; destiny, fate
căng (1) to stretch, strain, tighten
(2) camp
căng thẳng truyền thống giữa hai nước (a history of) strained relations between 2 nations
cũn cỡn too short (of clothing)
cũng vẫn vậy still the same (way)
cơ (1) foundation
(2) occasion, opportunity, circumstance
(3) odd
(4) regiment
(5) machine, mechanism, motor, engine
(6) airplane
(7) hunger, famine
(8) muscle
(9) outburst, crisis
cơ học mechanics (field of study)
cơ quan hành pháp executive branch (of government)
cơ quan lập pháp legislative branch (of government)
cơ sở (1) base (also math)
(2) installation, establishment, basis, branch, facility
cơ thể học anatomy (field of study)
cơm rice, cooked rice, food (in general)
cơm Tây French (not western) cuisine
cơm bụi meal taken at an inn (usually with cheap price)
cơm bữa (daily) meal
cơm khê burnt (overcooked) rice
cơm tấm broken rice (grains)
cơn say thuốc (a) high (from drugs)
cư dân population, inhabitant(s), resident; residential
cư xá city, town, housing (project)
cưu (1) to support, help, aid
(2) pigeon, turtledove
cương (1) law, principle
(2) hard
(3) bridle, reins
cương to restrictions (to one’s freedom) (figurative) officialdom
cước (1) fee, charge (for a service)
(2) string
(3) foot
cưới nhau to marry (each other)
cướp lấy to take (by theft)
cướp lời to interrupt (conversation, speech)
cười ha hả laugh (loud or boisterously), shout with laughter
cưỡi (1) to ride, straddle, mount
(2) see cỡi
cưỡi cổ rule (over), sway, exercise dominion or sovereignty (over)
cưỡng dâm to rape, violate (a girl or woman)
cưỡng hôn forced marriage; to force a marriage (upon)
cạc cạc quack (a duck’s cry); to cackle
cạch (sound of knocking)
cạn chén to drink up (one’s glass of wine), drain one’s cup
cạnh (1) edge, side; beside, next to, near
(2) to struggle, quarrel, fight, argue
cạo gió (scratch the wind) coin rubbing (an old folk remedy)
cạo mặt to shave (face)
cạo vôi plaque removal (from teeth)
cạy (1) to rely on
(2) to pry up
cả (1) oldest, biggest; old
(2) both, everyone, all (of), entire, whole
(3) even, also, as well
(4) at all
cả cười laugh (loud or boisterously), shout with laughter
cả lò damn (you) all!
cả thảy (all) in all, altogether
cả đàn ông và đàn bà (both) men as well as women
cải (1) to change, reform, tap
(2) cabbage
cải giá to remarry (after being widowed)
cải lương to improve, reform; (modern) play
cải mả to bury in a permanent tomb; dirty (of teeth)
cảm (1) to catch cold, have a cold
(2) to feel, feeling
(3) to dare
cảm mạo to be indisposed (by a cold), catch a cold
cảm xúc feeling(s)
cảng (sea) port, harbor
cảnh (1) to warn
(2) to warn
(3) scenery, scene, view, site, landscape, situation, condition
(4) border, limit
cảnh báo về hậu quả to warn (sb) about the results (of sth)
cảnh cáo to (raise an) alarm, warn
cảo (rough) draft, manuscript
cấm to forbid, prohibit, ban; no ~, do not ~ (on signs, etc.)
cấm cung to confine to the house (a highborn girl in a feudal society)
cấm cửa to forbid (someone) to darken one’s door
cấm khẩu to lose one’s power of speech (when at the point of death)
cấn (1) to deduct
(2) see cặn
cấp (1) degree, grade, level, rank, step
(2) to confer, obtain, get, issue
(3) urgent, pressing
cấp cao advanced, upper, high (level)
cấp cứu (to give) first aid, emergency aide
cấp dưới inferior, subordinate, junior, low(er)-level
cấp dưỡng to provide relief for (old or disabled person)
cấp hiệu stripe, badge (showing army rank)
cấp thấp low(er) level
cất (1) to hide, store, put away
(2) to lift, elevate, pick up, erect, build, construct
(3) to distill
cất chức to remove, relieve (from position), dismiss, discharge
cất cánh to take off (plane)
cất công to trouble oneself (to do something)
cất cơn abate (said of a fit of fever)
cất lấy to save something (for later), put something away (for later)
cất miệng open one’s mouth (to speak)
cất mả to remove remains of a dead person (from one grave to another)
cất nhắc to be hardly able to lift (one’s limbs)
cất vó rear, prance (of a horse)
cấu (1) to build, construct
(2) to pinch
cấu tượng texture (of the soil.)
cấu tứ put ideas in order, make an outline (for an essay)
cấy (1) to transplant
cầm (1) to hold, take hold of, arrest, capture
(2) to pawn
(3) guitar, lute, musical instrument
(4) bird
cầm cái to be a banker (in card games)
cầm hạc peaceful life (of a mandarin)
cầm lái to drive (a car), land (a plane), take the helm, be at the wheel
cầm lấy to (hold and) take
cầm đầu to (take the) lead, be the head of
cần (1) to be urgent, pressing; to need (to), want; to care
(2) hard working, industrious
(3) rod, pole, staff
(4) celery
cần lao labor, working (as an adjective)
cần nhắc lại ở đây rằng it must (should) be reiterated here that
cần nói rõ rằng it must be stated clearly (that)
cần trục crane (machinery), jack
cần vụ server, attendant (to a high-ranking official)
cầu (1) bridge
(2) to request, demand, desire
(3) toilet
(4) sphere, ball; birdie (badminton)
cầu cạnh to request (a favor)
cầu hiền seek men of great talent (to serve the country)
cầu hôn to ask for (a girl’s) hand
cầu hồn requiem (mass)
cầu lam rendez-vous, blue bridge (the bridge to meet gods)
cầu nguyện cho to pray for (someone)
cầu siêu to say a mass for the peace of someone’s soul (in Buddhism)
cầu trường to rectify (a curve)
cầu đảo to make offerings (to deity) for one’s wishes to be fulfilled
cầy (1) dog
(2) to plow; plow
cẩm (1) police officer
(2) elegant, flowery
(3) brocade
cẩn (1) cautious, careful
(2) to inlay, embed, encrust
cẩn cáo to inform respectfully; respectfully, sincerely yours (letter closing form)
cập cách corresponding (to), conformable (to)
cật vấn to interrogate, grill (with questions), cross-examine
cậy cục to painstakingly entreat (influential people) for a favor
cắm mốc set up (plant) landmarks
cắm ruộng stake out fields (said of a debtor)
cắm đất stake out land (of a debtor)
cắn rứt to worry, harass, sting, gnaw (conscience, etc.)
cắn trộm bite without barking (said of a dog)
cắp (1) to steal, swipe
(2) to carry under one’s arm
cắp bánh xe súng đại bác wheel pair (artillery)
cắt lời to interrupt (someone who is speaking)
cắt nghĩa cho to explain to (sb)
cắt đứt to cut (off), sever, break off
cắt đứt lời to cut someone off (while speaking)
cặp (1) pair, couple
(2) schoolbag, backpack, briefcase
(3) to pinch, grip
cặp môi (pair of) lips
cặp mắt (pair of) eyes
cặp nhiệt to take temperature (of a patient); clinical thermometer
cặp vú (pair of) breasts
cặp đùi (pair of) thighs
cọ (1) to rub, polish
(2) palm tree
cọc stake, post, stack (of coins)
cỏ bê fatigues (uniform)
cố (1) to make an effort, try (very hard)
(2) great grandfather
(3) to pawn
(4) reason
(5) old, former, late (deceased)
(6) intentional, premeditated
(7) firm, strong
(8) innate, original
(9) to look after, care for, turn one’s head
cố chí resolved, determined, decided (to do something)
cố gắng lớn lao tremendous, great effort(s)
cố hữu (1) old friend
(2) innate, natural
(3) chronic, always existing
cố đô former, old capital (city)
cố đạo (Catholic) priest
cốc (1) glass, cup, glassful
(2) to hit on the head with one’s finger
(3) cormorant
(4) ravine, valley
(5) cereal, grain
cốc rửa mắt eye cup (for cleaning the eye)
cốc vũ grain rain ( th solar term)
cối xay (rice) mill
cống (1) sewer
(2) to offer in tribute
(3) student who has passed village level examinations
cống ngăn lock (in a canal)
cốp chiếc xe trunk (of a car), storage compartment (on a vehicle)
cốp xe trunk (of a car), storage compartment (on a vehicle)
cốt (1) to aim at, be essential, essence
(2) bone, framework
cốt cán loyal party member, core member (of a group); major, key
cốt nhục bone and flesh, (fig) blood relationship
cồn (1) sand dune
(2) alcohol
(3) collar
(4) gum, paste
cổ (1) neck, collar
(2) ancient, old, out of date, old fashioned
(3) drum
(4) merchant
(5) blind
(6) leg
(7) share, stock
cổ cao ba ngấn (woman’s) beautiful neck
cổ kim đến bây giờ since ancient times (until now)
cổ phiếu coupon, share certificate, share (of stock)
cổ văn ancient literature, classical written Chinese; classical (i.e. Chinese)
cổi (1) to take away, take off, undress, strip
(2) see cởi
cổn miện robe and crown (imperial costume)
cỗ (1) set
(2) feast, banquet
cỗ lòng internal organs (of animal)
cỗi (1) origin, root
cộc (of garment) to be short(-sleeved)
cộng (1) common, collective, communist
(2) to add (up)
cộng hưởng (1) to enjoy together
(2) resonance
cộng thêm 1 triệu mỹ kim an additional 1 million US dollars (?)
cộng thêm đó moreover, in addition (to this)
cột (1) pole, column, rod, pillar
(2) to bind, tie up
cột buồm mast (of a sailboat)
cột phướn flagpole (of a Buddhist temple)
cờ (1) flag, banner, colors
(2) chess
cờ chân chó dog-leg chess (a children’s game)
cờ tướng (Chinese) chess, xiangqi
cỡn rut, (of female) be in heat
cụ lớn high official, you (to high official)
cục cục cackle, cluck (as hen)
cục trưởng director (of an office)
cục tác (of hen) cackle
cụm (1) grove, clump, tuft, grove, bunch
(2) group, crowd, set
cụng collide, knock, hit, strike (against)
củ bulb (of a plant)
của (1) (possessive marker), of
(2) property, possessions, belonging
(3) belong to
của anh (possessive of anh)
của em (possessive of em)
cứ (1) to continue to, go on, keep on (doing something)
(2) evidence, proof
(3) still
cứa cổ to fleece (customers), charge high prices
cứt sắt (iron) dross, slag
cứu (1) to save, rescue, deliver, relieve
(2) to study, research, examine, investigate
cứu cánh object, goal, aim, end (as opposed to the means)
cứu nguy to rescue (from danger)
cử ai to cry, weep (in a funeral)
cử nhân bachelor (degree)
cử tử candidate (in an examination)
cử đỉnh immense strength (to lift a cauldron)
cửa bể (sea)port
cửa cống khóa nước lock (in a canal)
cửa khóa nước lock (in a canal)
cửa võng door (of temples) painting in fresco
cửu hình the nine punishments (of old China and Vietnam)
cực (1) extreme, utmost, very, -most
(2) pole (of the Earth)
cực lực strong(ly)
da trắng Caucasian, white (skinned)
da đen black-skinned, black (person)
da đỏ red-skinned, (American) Indian
dai nhách (of meat) very tough
danh bất hư truyền (one’s) reputation is well merited
di dịch move (more or less in terms of position), alter somewhat
di lụy make (cause) trouble for the coming generations
di thực acclimatize (a plant)
di vậy because of (this)
di xú leave a bad name (reputation)
dim half-close (one’s eyes)
diêm match (for starting a fire)
diễn (1) relation
(2) to act, perform, take place; performance
diễn tấu perform, execute (a musical work)
diện (1) smart, stylish, chic, well-dressed
(2) face, surface, area
diệp mould-board (of a plough)
diệt hết to (completely) wipe out
do because of, caused by, due to; derived from; on; by (a person); to derive from, cause
duy trì to maintain, keep (open), preserve
duy tâm idealist(ic)
duyên hải coast, (sea)shore; coastal, seaside
duốc catch (fish) with some toxic substance
duỗi to stretch, spread out (arms, legs, hand)
dài long; to last (time)
dài dẳng long (lasting), enduring
dàn ý arrangement of ideas (in writing or in speech)
dày dạn inured to (hardships, difficulties)
dám to dare (to do sth)
dám để to dare to let (sb do sth)
dán mắt to stare (at), gaze (at), look fixedly (at)
dâm dấp moist, damp (usually with sweat)
dân chuyên nghiệp professional (person)
dân chúng (the) people, the masses, the public
dân cụng civilian (use)
dân quốc democracy (bourgeois)
dân thiểu số minority (person)
dân trí intellectual (in society)
dân tộc people (as a nation)
dân y civil medical service (as opposite to army medical service)
dâng to offer (tribute or gift), submit (to a king); to rise (of water)
dây kim khí wire (metal)
dây mũi neat's lead (tied to the nose)
dây thần kinh nerve (fiber)
dây trời (radio) aerial
dây đất (radio) ground
dã wild, savage, rustic; to neutralize the effect of (alcohol)
dè (1) moderate, reserved
(2) to take care, spare, (3) to expect, foresee
dè dụm save (economize) money
dép sandal (shoe)
dì aunt (mother’s sister); mother’s younger sister
dì dượng aunt and uncle (mother’s younger sister and her husband)
dí to press (on, against)
dò to collate, compare; to look for, search (information)
dòm dỏ keep an inquisitive (covetous) eye on
dòm nom observe, take care (of), keep one’s eyes (on)
dòng Baptist; course (of a river), stream, current; line, lineage, order
dòng họ (extended) family, clan
dòng nước current, course (of water)
dõng (1) regional, (2) see dũng
dù (1) umbrella, parachute, sunshade
(2) although, (even) though, however, whether
dù đàn ông hay đàn bà whether (or not) a man or a woman
dùa gather (together), collect
dùm to help (for)
dùng (1) to use, resort to
(2) to eat (polite)
dúm (1) to gather with one’s fingers; pinch, handful
(2) wrinkled
dăm (1) small (stone)
(2) some, few, several
dăng tải những câu chuyện to carry stories (in a newspaper)
dĩ nhiên mỗi obvious(ly), natural(ly)
dơ (1) dirty, filthy, unclean
(2) to raise
dơi bat (flying mammal)
dơi quạ flying fox (bat)
dơi quỷ vampire(-bat)
dư ba rippling tail (of a wave), lingering tremor
dư đảng remnants (of a political party)
dương (1) ocean
(2) Yang - positive
(3) to show off, make known
(4) to open
(5) goat
dương oai to show off one’s strength (to intimidate sb)
dưới mắt in the eyes of (someone)
dưới mắt thường nhân (presented) for lay people
dưới quyền under (somebody’s command, orders, authority)
dược medicine, drug; pharmacy (as a field of study)
dược phẩm pharmaceutical (product)
dạ (1) polite yes, (introductory word of respect), OK
(2) stomach, abdomen, heart, feeling
(3) night
dạ hội (evening) party
dạ thưa (polite expression)
dạ đề (of child) cry much at night
dại mặt be ashamed (of), lose face
dạn đòn (of child) be used to corporeal punishment
dạng viêm màng não meningitis (infection)
dạo period, time (past), this time, these days; to stroll, walk
dạo bước have (go for) a stroll
dạy to teach (a person, a subject)
dạy cho to teach (sb)
dạy học to teach (school)
dảnh unit of rice seedling (about to be transplanted)
dấu mark, sign, signal, (tone) mark, stamp, track, print, trace, tone, seal
dấu a vòng at sign (@)
dấu diếm to hide, cover (up)
dấu thinh tone marks, sound marks (on letters)
dần (1) gradually, little by little, by degrees
(2) third year of the Chinese zodiac (“tiger”)
dầu (1) oil, petroleum
(2) though, although
dầu ta vegetal oil (formerly used as a fuel in lamps)
dẫn dụ to induce (someone) to take one’s advice
dẫn đầu to lead (a crowd, a race), take the lead; leading
dập tắt to extinguish, put out, stamp out (fire, protests)
dậu tenth year of the Chinese zodiac (“rooster”)
dậy to wake up, get up, rise (up)
dắt mũi lead (somebody) by the nose
dằn mặt forewarn (against opposition or resistance)
dặm hồng rosy road (full of dirt)
dễ cũng là perhaps, maybe (it is also)
dịch (1) translation; to translate, turn, decode, transmit
(2) epidemic
dịch bệnh epidemic (disease)
dịch vụ xã hội social service(s)
dịp này (on) this occasion
dọc (1) length, stretch, height, strip
(2) along, alongside (of), longitudinal, vertical
dọn to arrange, put in order, move (change residences), clear, prepare
dọn đi to move (to), move out
dọng back (of knife, sword)
dốc (1) slope, slide, incline
(2) to empty
dốc ngược turn (something) upside down
dồ sứ porcelain, china(ware)
dồn to crowd, cram, accumulate, herd (cattle, children)
dỗ to coax (a child into not crying), seduce
dỗ dành soothe (someone) into obedience, soothe (someone) into listening
dỗ ngon dỗ ngọt to soothe (someone) with sweet words
dội to pour (water), bound, resound, kick
dộng (1) to knock, hit, rap
(2) chrysalis, pupa
dở (1) quality, bad (tasting), uninteresting, poor, mediocre
(2) to open, get out
dụ (1) edict, ordinance, decree
(2) to entice, seduce, lure
dục (1) to desire, want
(2) to educate, rear, bring up
dụi to rub (out), crush
dụng công to take pains (in carrying out research, in artistic creation)
dụng hiền use good men (in government)
dứng bamboo framing (of a wattle and daub)
dứt to finish, (come to a) stop, terminate, end, cease
dứt sữa ablactation, wean of (of mother)
dứt tình to break off (a romantic relationship, friendship)
dứt điểm score (a goal); finish at a given moment, finalize
dừng chân to stop (walking), make a stop
dử rheum (gum on the edge of the eyelids)
dự bị (1) reservists (solders)
(2) to prepare
dự chi to set aside, reserve (for), earmark
dự phòng backup; to provide for (some undesirable event)
dự thính attend (as an observer, as a guest)
dự thẩm hold an inquiry into (a legal case); inquirer
dựa to lean on, stand against, incline, be based (on)
dựa vào võ lực to rely, depend on (military) force
dựng đứng to fabricate (story), stand up (vertically)
em younger brother or sister; you (to child), I (of children)
em họ cousin (child of a parent’s younger sibling)
em nuôi younger adoptive brother (sister)
em rể brother in law (younger sister’s husband)
em vợ brother-in-law, sister-in-law (one’s wife’s younger sibling)
em đâu sister in law (younger brother’s wife)
eng éc to squeal (sound made by a pig)
eo (1) curved; straights (water)
(2) waist, back
(3) horrible
eo ôi (exclamation of disgust, surprise)
ga (1) accelerator, gas pedal
(2) railway station
ga xép local station (as opposed to express)
gam gram (unit of weight); gamut, scale
gan (1) liver; brave, courageous, tough
(2) palm (of hand), sole (of foot)
ghen tuông be jealous (in love)
ghi nhớ to engrave, impress deeply, remember, imprint (on one’s memory)
ghèn rheum (gum on the edge of the eyelids), sleep (crust-like substance in tear ducts)
ghé lại to stop by (at a place)
ghé vào to stop (and get out) at
ghép chữ to join words, coin a (compound) word
ghép vần spell (of code chart)
ghìm to pull (up, back), restrain, reign in, hold back
ghẹ ổ cluck (before laying an egg)
ghế (1) chair, post, bench seat (in a meeting, body)
(2) to stir with big chopsticks
ghế ngựa plank bed (made of two or three boards)
ghềnh đá (rocky) cliff
gia chánh domestic science (housework, cooking, needlework); head of a household, family
gia hạn to extend (a deadline), renew
gia phả family annals (records), family register
gia phụ (my) mother
gia quan (Chinese right of puberty for boys)
gia quân (my) father
gia sức to make efforts (to do something)
gia thần mandarin’s household butler (manager)
gia đồng page, houseboy (in his early teens)
giai (1) male (as opposed to female)
giai cấp trung lưu middle class (of society)
giai lão grow old together (as husband and wife)
giai phẩm beautiful (work of literature), fine work of art
giai thừa (mathematics) factorial
giam (1) to detain, imprison
(2) to pay the winner of a card game
gian (1) dishonest, underhanded, tricky
(2) apartment, room
(3) difficult, hard
(4) danger, peril
giang khê rivers and brooks (streams)
giao cảm sympathetic (of a nerve)
giao du to frequent (a place), visit (persons)
giao hẹn to promise conditionally to (do something); to agree
giao liên connection; contact (person)
giao tranh to fight, battle; battle, fight(ing)
giao đấu compete (in sport)
gieo mình throw oneself (with direction), hurl oneself (to)
gieo quẻ cast coins (used as dice, of a fortune-teller)
gieo vần find rhymes (strictly according to prosody)
giuộc small handled-can measure (for fish sauce, oil)
giá (1) cost, price; to cost
(2) if
giá dầu thô the price of crude (oil)
giác quan sense (organ)
giám học vice-principal (of high school)
giám quốc president (of a bourgeois republic)
gián (1) cockroach, black beetle
(2) to stick, glue
gián quan censor (under imperial regime)
giáng cấp reduce to a lower rank (grade), demote
giáng hạ descend, come down (from heaven)
giáng sinh (1) to incarnate
(2) Christmas
giáng trật reduce to the next lower rank (grade)
giáo (1) to teach
(2) spear
giáo dân (1) catholic people, catholic population
(2) popular education, educate the people
giáo hữu co-religionist, fellow-believer, churchgoer; priest (Cao Dai)
giáo khoa subject (of study)
giáo mác cold steel (weapons in former times), spears and swords
giáo phận (Catholic) diocese
giáo sinh student teacher, student (of normal school)
giáo sư professor, (high school) teacher; bishop (Cao Dai)
giáo trình textbook forming a course (on some subject taught at university)
giáo viên (primary school) teacher
giáp (1) bordering, near, adjacent, close to, before
(2) 1st cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
giây (1) second (unit of time)
(2) to sift; sieve
(3) stained, spotted
giây giướng get involved in (some trouble)
giây đồng hồ second (unit of time)
giãi open (one’s heart), make known
giãi bầy to express oneself (emotionally)
giãy nảy (1) to start, jump up
(2) to refuse categorically, refuse very positively
giò (1) foot, leg
(2) meat pie
giòng course (of a river), stream
giòng sông course (of a river)
gió lào hot and dry westerly wind (from Laos to central Vietnam)
gióc to plait (hair)
giông (1) unlucky, ill-luck, mischance
(2) storm, rainstorm
(3) to disparage
giú force (fruit)
giăm bào shavings (of wood)
giăm kèn tongue (of a clarinet)
giũ (1) to keep, guard, hold, protect
(2) to shake
giương cao to hold aloft, raise high (up)
giại bamboo screen (in a verandah)
giả (1) false, fake, counterfeit
(2) to pay, return
giả thù revenge oneself (upon for), take vengeance (on for), avenge
giải hòa mediate a peace (between two parties), act a peace-marker
giải oan to clear (of a charge)
giải pháp solution (to a problem)
giải pháp thích ứng an appropriate, suitable solution (to a problem)
giải phóng quân liberation army (communist)
giải phẫu khuôn mặt plastic, cosmetic surgery (on someone’s face)
giải quyết to solve, resolve, overcome, settle; solution (to a problem)
giải tỏa to raise a blockade, release (funds, documents, etc.)
giải đáp to answer (a question), reply, solve
giản xương feel rested (as from stretching one’s legs or lying down)
giảng pháp to teach the way (Buddhist)
giảng đạo to preach (a religion)
giảo to hang (a criminal)
giấc hoa sleep (of a beautiful girl)
giấm giúi sly (something, into someone’s hands); do (something) stealthily
giấy chùi tay paper towels (for drying one’s hands)
giấy tờ paper, document(s)
giầu rich, having a lot of (something)
giẫy to (make) even, (make) level, dig up, unearth, pull up, settle, arrange, fix up
giật (1) snatch, steal
(2) to win
(3) to give a shock
(4) to pull
(5) to recoil
(6) borrow money temporarily
giật gân (of music) sensational, hot, thrilling, exciting
giật mình surprised, startled; to (give a) start
giằng xé snatch and tear (something), get at someone’s throat
giẵm to crush, trample, stamp (on)
giết người to kill, assassinate (a person); homicide, murder
giết trộm to poach (animals)
giền dại amaranthus blitum (used as fodder)
giềng main rope (of a fishing-net)
giọt lệ tear (water from eyes), teardrop
giọt nước mắt tear(drop)
giỏi hết sức (to do something) very well
giống người race (of people)
giổi talauma (tree)
giỗ death anniversary (of an ancestor)
giới (1) (classifier); limit, border
(2) group of people, family, community, group
giới chức nhà nước government authorities (people)
giới hưu trí retirees (as a group of people)
giới lao động Labor (as a group of people), the working class
giới thiệu to introduce (friends)
giờ time (of the clock), hour, o’clock; now is the time (for sth)
giờ giao thông cao điểm the peak hours (rush-hours) of traffic
giờ giải lao break(time)
giờ mở cửa (store) opening hours
giờ quốc tế universal time (UTC), Greenwich mean time (GMT)
giở to take out, turn (book)
giở giói complicate matters (by doing something not absolutely necessary)
giở ra to turn to (page)
giỡ to take out, turn (to page in a book)
giủi catch shrimps with a stack-net, stack-net (for shrimps)
giữ kẽ show excessive caution (in one’s dealings), be overcautious
giữ tiết keep one’s chastity (said of a widow who does not marry again)
giữ đạo to keep, maintain one’s (religious) faith
giữa between, center, (in the) middle, among
giựt [= giật] (1) snatch, steal
(2) to win
(3) to give a shock
(4) to pull
(5) to recoil
(6) borrow money temporarily
giựt mình surprised, startled; to (give a) start
guồng máy chính quyền (government) administration, bureaucracy
gàn quải dissuade (from), put somebody off, talk somebody out of
gàng wind (round), reel
gàu dai four-stringed bucket (handled by two persons)
gàu sòng long-handled bucket (hung from a tripod)
gá nghĩa to strike up a friendship with (someone), make friends
gác (1) upper floor, upper story
(2) to guard, watch
(3) to put, set on
(4) to forget about
gác bếp smoking-shelf (over a cooking fire, stove), throw away
gác núi descend (go down) mountain-low (of setting sun)
gác sân flat roof (used for airing, drying on)
gác thượng top floor, top storey (of a multi-storied building)
gái female (as opposed to male)
gái bán dâm (female) prostitute
gái mãi dâm prostitute (female)
gái điếm (female) prostitute
gán (1) assignment
(2) to foist
gán nợ give (something) as payment of a debt
gán tội shift the blame (on)
gánh to carry (on one’s shoulder)
gáy gở the crowing of a chicken (esp. a cock) at an unusual time
gây (1) to cause, bring about, create, set up
(2) to quarrel
gây chuyện be quarrelsome, pick a quarrel (with somebody)
gây giống to breed (plants or animals)
gây hốt hoảng to cause (or create) panic
gây nhiễu to jam (a radio transmission)
gây phương hại to (cause) damage, harm
gây thêm căng thẳng to increase tension(s)
gây thương tích cho to injure, cause injury (to someone)
gãy gọn (of speech) concise, neat
gì không biết to not know (anything)
gì thì gì whatever (the case may be)
gò gẫm forge (written style)
gò ép constrain (to follow some rule of behavior)
gót sen graceful feel (of a beautiful woman)
gót son frail heels (of a beautiful woman)
gông stocks (form of punishment)
gõ (1) to knock, hit
(2) to enter, type
găng tense (tight)
gơ nurse a strain (of sweet potato)
gương (1) mirror
(2) example, pattern, model
gương mẫu (good) example, exemplary, model
gạ chuyện to try to approach (someone), try to make friends with
gạ gẫm to coax, cajole, wheedle (into doing something); make approaches to (a woman), make a pass at
gạch bông flowered (patterned) brick, patterned tile
gạo raw (uncooked) rice
gạo sen lotus anther (used to perfume tea)
gạo tám thơm fragrant rice (small-grained and fragrant)
gạo tám xoan kind of rice (small-grained and white)
gạo tẻ ordinary rice (as opposite to sticky rice)
gạt (1) to cheat, dupe, trick, deceive, beguile
(2) to reject, turn aside
gạy call forth (someone’s ideas, confidences)
gấc space under (a bed, car, bridge)
gấp (1) to be X times more than
(2) to fold, close
(3) urgent, pressing, in a hurry
gấp bội (1) to multiply
(2) a lot, much
gấp hai twice (as much as)
gấu chó Malayan sun bear (helarctos malayanus)
gầm (1) to roar, howl, yell
(2) to bow one’s head in shame or anger
(3) space underneath, underpass
gần near, close to (place, time)
gần cả almost (an entire)
gần cả tháng almost (an entire) month
gần gũi near, close (by)
gần như không có to have almost no (something)
gần đây nhất most recent(ly)
gẫy to break, be broken (stick-like object)
gậm (1) (of rodents) to gnaw
gập to fold, close (a book)
gập lại to close (book)
gậy phép (magic) wand
gậy đánh (golf) club
gằm hang the head (out of shame), wear sullen looks
gặp gỡ to meet (with), encounter
gặp nhau to meet (each other), see each other
gặp trở ngại to meet (with) obstacles
gỉ mũi polyp (in the nose)
gọi rượu to order (alcoholic) drinks
gọi tôi là call me (name)
gọt to pare, whittle, sharpen (pencil), peel (fruit, etc.)
gốc (1) foot (of a tree)
(2) of ~ origin
gốc Á Đông of (east) Asian origin, descent
gối (1) pillow, cushion
(2) knee
gối đầu giường pillow (for a bed)
gồng gánh carry (on one’s shoulder) with a pole and two hangers
gỗ bìa slab (of timber)
gội to wash (hair)
gởi lờ chào to send (word of) greeting
gỡ mìn clear (a place) of mines
gừ (of dog) to snarl
hai con mắt (both) eyes
hai cân two-legged, biped(al)
hai giờ kém năm (it’s) five to two (o’clock)
hai giờ rưỡi (it’s) 2:30, (it’s) half past two
hai lỗ tai (both) ears
hang cùng ngõ hẻm far-away place(s), alleys and side
hang ổ lair (of animals), den (of thieves)
hanh hot and dry (weather)
hao (1) to consume, use, spend, waste
(2) news
hay (1) interesting, well; or
(2) have the habit of doing; often, frequently
hay không (question tag); or not
heo may ay coldish north-westerly wind (blowing in autumn)
hi cặp vú (pair of) breasts
hin (of nose) narrow
hiến (1) to offer, devote, consecrate
(2) constitution
hiến binh gendarme (in a capitalist country)
hiếu (1) to like, love, be fond of
(2) pious, faithful; filial piety
(3) mourning, funeral
hiếu chủ person in charge of a funeral (of relative)
hiếu dưỡng to nurse (one’s parents)
hiếu kính to honor and respect (one’s parents)
hiền thê one’s (virtuous) wife
hiền thư successful applicant (in examinations)
hiện (1) to appear, become visible, rise, come into sight
(2) at present
hiện có current (at present), existing
hiện dịch active service (military)
hiện vật things in nature; in kind (payment)
hiệp (1) to unite, join, come together
(2) round (in boxing), trip
(3) gorge, straits
(4) chivalrous
hiệp hội các nước Đông Nam Á Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN)
hiệu phó vice-director (of college, university), assistant
hoa (1) flower, blossom, bloom
(2) earring
(3) smallpox
(4) to wave, gesticulate
(5) Chinese
hoa hồng (monetary) commission
hoài (1) always, continuous, incessant, endless; to keep on (doing sth)
(2) to cherish, long for
hoài cảm remember (recollect) with emotion
hoàn tiền to return, refund (money)
hoàn tiền lại to return, refund (money)
hoàn trả to return (money)
hoàn vũ (the) universe
hoàng đằng rhubarb (plant)
hoành phi horizontal lacquered board (engraved with Chinese characters)
hoán (1) to exchange
(2) to shout, yell
hoãn lại cho đến khi to postpone (something) until
hoạt tự (printing) movable type
hun (1) to fumigate, smoke out
(2) [=hôn] to kiss
hung (of hair) reddish
hung táng first burial (in inauspicious site)
huyết thanh dương tính test positive (for AIDS)
huyền falling (tone)
huyện prefecture, (sub)district
huyện đoàn district youth union(communist)
huyện đội district armed forces(communist)
huyện ủy district (communist) party committee member
huyện ủy viên district (party) committee member
huýt gió whistling (sound)
huống gì (sth) is even more true (of)
huỷnh stonewood (tree)
hy sinh to sacrifice (oneself)
hài nhi newborn (infant)
hàm (1) function
(2) jaw
hàm lượng content(s), quality
hàm ân owe (someone) a favor
hàn (1) filling (tooth)
(2) to weld
hàn khẩu stop a breach (in a dyke)
hàng chục ngàn (many) tens of thousands
hàng thứ ba về sức mạnh kinh tế third (place) in economic strength
hàng trăm many hundred(s)
hàng tấm woven cloth (for making clothes)
hàng ước capitulation, surrender (on stipulated terms)
hành (1) scallion, spring onion
(2) to act, execute, carry out
(3) stem
(4) to go, travel (on foot)
(5) one of the five elements
hành giả monk (who goes from place to place to raise money)
hành hình to execute, put (a prisoner) to death
hành hạt make one’s round (of a mandarin)
hành nghề to practice (a trade or profession)
hành pháp executive (branch of government)
hành quyết execution; to execute (a person)
há (1) to open one’s mouth
(2) (exclamation)
há dám how dare (we)
hát hỏng sing (usually badly)
háu ăn gluttonous, greedy (for food)
háy mắt look askance (at), skew (at)
hâm to warm (up), make warm
hãm (1) to stop, brake
(2) to harass, betray
hãng hàng không airline (company)
hãy biết rằng they (he, she) should know that, should be aware that
hãy lấy thí dụ (let’s) take for example
hãy nên (let’s) be sure to
hè (1) summer
(2) pathway, walk, sidewalk
hèm (1) crack
(2) taboo
hé nở (flower) to have just opened, bloomed
héo quắt shrivel (up)
hê hey (exclamation)
hì hì (sound of laughing)
hình chóp cụt frustum (of pyramid)
hình nhân paper and bamboo puppet (to be burned on worship)
hình thức bệnh symptom (of an illness, disease)
hình trạng outward aspect (of things)
hình ảnh image, photograph; graphic(s)
hí (1) to neigh
(2) to play
hí húi be busy with (at), busy oneself with (at)
hí khúc drama (as a literary genre)
hò hét shout and scream (for something)
hò mái đẩy barcarolle (boatwomen’s songs in hue)
hòa (1) to mix, blend
(2) to draw, tie, be even (not indebted)
(3) peace, harmony, accord; peaceful, harmonious
(4) Japan, Japanese
(5) cereal
hòa hảo (1) accord, agreement, concord, harmony; united, both
(2) (name of a Vietnamese religion)
hòa mình to blend (into), mix (with)
hòa nghị to negotiate (for peace), engage in talks
hòa thân to unite (through marriage)
hòa thảo graminaceous (gramineous) plant
hòa vị to season (food)
hòm xe body (of a car)
hòn bi marble (a spherical object)
hóa (1) merchandise, goods
(2) to change into, become -ize, -ify
hóa hợp to combine (into a new substance)
hóa kiếp to kill (for food)
hót (1) hot, feverous
(2) to sing (of birds)
hô (1) to cry out, shout
(2) overbite (teeth)
hô hoán to shout, cry out, yell (for help)
hôi mồm have a bad (strong) breath, suffer from
hôi như cú to smell (badly), stink
hôi tanh to smell bad (like rotten fish)
hôm nay trời lạnh it’s cold (out) today
hôm này that day (in the future)
hôm trời lạnh cold (weather) day
hù (1) to threaten
(2) wood owl
hùng (1) brave, strong, powerful, heroic
(2) bear
hùng mộng to dream about a bear (meaning one will have a boy)
hú họa at (by) haphazard, by mere chance, casually
hút to inhale, smoke, suck (air, smoke) absorb, take up (water)
hút một hơi to take a drag (on a cigarette, e.g.)
húy nhật anniversary of the death (of someone)
hăm twenty (contraction of hai mươi)
hăng máu to have a flare-up of zeal (enthusiasm)
hơi (1) a little, slightly
(2) steam, breath, gas
hơi hướng remote relation (of parentage)
hơn nửa năm trời for more than half a year (already)
hư cấu invent, imagine (a work of fiction)
hư hỏng spoiled (food), damaged
hư nhược weaken, grow weak(er) or feeble, weakened, enfeebled
hư trương show off, display (something essentially empty)
hư từ formal word (as opposite to notional word)
hư tự empty words (auxiliaries, particles)
hương hồn venerated souls (of one’s parents), treasured memory
hướng dẫn chọn ngành nghề to guide (someone) in the choice of a career
hướng vọng hope (for the better)
hưởng hương vị to enjoy the taste (of something)
hưởng thụ thú to enjoy the pleasure (of doing something)
hạ (1) summer
(2) to lower, let down (price, flag); to land (a plane)
hạ cánh to land (plane), touch down
hạ cấp low(er) level, lower class
hạ mã dismount (from one’s horse)
hạ sĩ quan non-commissioned officer (NCO)
hạ sơn go down the mountain (upon completion of training)
hạ thổ bury (wine, fish sauce) (to improve its quality)
hạ thủy to launch (a ship)
hạ tầng minor, lower (level)
hạ từ entreat (to), implore (to)
hạn hẹp (humble) opinion; limited, small, narrow
hạng 55 kg the 55 kg category (of a sport competition)
hạt (1) grain, bead, corn
(2) province, area
hả (tag question) is that so?
hải báo (1) seal, walrus
(2) semaphore
hải cảng harbor, (sea)port
hải l‎ý giờ knot (unit of speed)
hải nghiệp seagoing, seafaring (as a career, job)
hải yến salangane, swallow (bird)
hải đội flotilla (navy), naval task force
hải đội đặc nhiệm task group (naval)
hấp to steam, braise, curse, dry-clean (clothes), inhale, absorb
hấp him half-closed (eyes)
hấp tẩy dry-clean (clothes)
hất (1) to fling, push, oust, throw (horse)
(2) to raise
hất hàm to jerk up one’s chin (as a sign); to raise one’s voice
hất hậu kick (of a horse)
hất người cỡi xuống đất to throw a rider to the ground (of a horse)
hầm bạc (underground) vault
hầu (1) almost, nearly, virtually
(2) to wait upon, serve
(3) in order to
(4) monkey
hầu hạ to attend to (someone)
hầu hết nearly (all), almost (all)
hầu kiện appear before the court (to face trial)
hầu sáng waiter (in a Chinese restaurant)
hậu cung queen’s apartments-shrine, sanctuary (of a communal house or temple)
hậu học scholars of a younger generation, I (in a humble sense)
hậu phẫu (y) post-operational
hậu tình considerate treatment (of others), decent behavior (towards others)
hậu vệ back (in football)
hắc tố melanin (pigment found in skin, hair, fur, and feathers)
hằm hè be angrily spoiling for (a fight)
hằn (1) grudge, spite
(2) trace
hằng (1) usually, habitually
(2) the Moon
hẻm (narrow) lane, (narrow) street, alley
hết có hy vọng to have no (more) hope
hết thân nhau to stop being friends (with each other)
hề (1) to matter
(2) sound of laughing
(3) clown, funny-man
hề hề grin broadly (naively or one’s embarrassment away)
hệ số coefficient, weight (of subject in exam)
hệ thống Internet the Internet (network)
hệ thống cửa sổ drive through (window)
hệ thống giá trị system of (moral) values
hệ thống ngữ âm phonic system (of a language)
hỉ (1) to blow one’s nose
(2) wedding, joy
hỉ sắc happy look (on the face)
họ (1) family, clan
(2) they
họ gần close (family) relation
họ xa distant (family) relation
họa (1) misfortune
(2) to draw, sketch
họa là on the chance of (that), perhaps
học to study, learn (how to); field of study
học bổng scholarship (award)
học hỏi to learn, study (on one’s own), research, investigate, educate oneself
học kỳ term (of an academic year), quarter, semester
học rút to cram (study)
học tập cải tạo to study reeducation (euphemism for being in a reeducation camp)
học ôn to revise, review (a lesson)
họng M-60 an M-60 (machine gun)
họng súng muzzle (of a gun)
hỏa bài emergency pass (used by messengers carrying the king’s urgent orders)
hỏa châu (signal) flare
hỏi (1) to ask, inquire, question
(2) low-rising tone
hỏi bài ask (pupils) questions on a lesson
hỏi dồn assail (ply) (somebody) with questions
hố hố (sound of laughing)
hốt (1) to gather, collect
(2) ivory (bone) tablet
hốt cái dealer (in gambling)
hốt lú kind of gambling (using coins)
hốt me kind of gambling (using buttons)
hốt thuốc make up a prescription (by a herbalist)
hồ lake, lacus (lunar lake)
hồ chứa nước (water) reservoir
hồ lơ blue, apply blue to (laundry)
hồi time (when something happened), when
hồi ba giờ 3 o’clock (just past)
hồi hưu retire (on a pension)
hồi nào when (in the past)
hồi tỉnh to recover (consciousness), reawaken
hồi xưa tới giờ from the past until now, (has one) ever (done sth)
hồi âm (1) to reply, answer (a letter)
(2) to echo
hồi đáp reply or answer (a letter, a request, etc.)
hồi đậu at the beginning (of a period of time)
hồng chuyên red and expert (red refers to the political criterion, expert the vocational level)
hồng hoa safflower, (food) blood pudding
hồng lô (obsolete) mandarin title
hồng sắc reddish wood (second-class wood)
hồng y cardinal (church)
hổ trợ to help (each other)
hổng đít split-seam bottomed (children’s trousers)
hỗ (1) reciprocal, mutual
(2) to mix
hỗ trợ to support, help (one another); help, support; aid, assistance; mutual
hỗn mang misty (times of the beginnings of man’s history)
hỗn ẩu fight (with)
hộ lại village registrar (keeping records of births, deaths)
hội chủ president, chairman (of an association)
hội họa bằng mực đen black ink painting (Sumi-E)
hội thương confer (with), take counsel (with), conference
hội trưởng president (of a society) chairman
hộp quẹt to rub; match (for starting a fire)
hột xoài chance (kind of venereal disease)
hớ (1) to be overcharged, pay too much
(2) to blunder, make a mistake
hớ hênh exposing indecently (part of one’s body) by inadvertence
hớn hở merry, radiant; to beam, brighten up (one’s face)
hớp sip (of a drink)
hớt tay trên get the upper hand (of)
hờ (1) gap, be open
(2) so-called, self-styled
hở (1) open, uncovered
(2) (final partical indicating surprise)
hở ngực decolleté, low-cut, low-necked (of dress)
hở trời heaven knows, how on earth (is sth possible)
hở vai decolleté, low-cut (of dress)
hỡi (exclamation)
hợi twelvth year of the Chinese zodiac (“pig”)
hụt ăn miss (a meal, an opportunity to make a profit)
hứa với to promise (sb)
hửng to brighten suddenly (after darkness)
hữu (1) to have, own
(2) right
(3) friend
hữu dực right wing, right flank (of an army)
hữu sắc vô hương (of flower) beautiful but without
hữu tuyến wired (as opposed to wireless)
im lặng silent, quiet; Silence! (as an order)
in nghiêng italic (type)
in đậm to print in bold(face)
in ảnh print develop (photographically)
khai báo declaration; to declare, inform to (authorities), confess to
khai căn extract the root (of a number)
khai diễn start (theatrical performance)
khai giảng to open (a school), begin (a course), start a new term
khai khẩu open one’s mouth (and speak)
khai phong open a (sealed) envelope
khai phương extract the square root (of a number)
khai sanh to declare the birth (of something)
khai sinh to register the birth (of a newborn baby)
khai tin to declare, testify (to)
khai trình give account (of)
khai đao behead (a man), before leaving for the battlefield
khanh (term of endearment used by a royal towards a subject)
khanh khách pealing (laughter)
kheo ham (back part of the leg behind the knee-joint)
khi occasion, time (when something happens), when, at the time of, if
khi đến đó upon arriving (there), after reaching (that place)
khiêng to carry (something heavy, by two or more people)
khiêng vác carry on one’s shoulders (on one’s back)
khiêu (1) to provoke, stir
(2) to leap
khiến (1) to direct, order, command, bid
(2) to cause
khiếu (1) natural gift or talent
(2) to complain
kho vũ khí weapons stockpile, weapon store(s)
kho đạn vũ khí bunker, magazine (for weapons)
khoa bảng (system of) competition-examinations
khoa cử (system of former) civil service examinations
khoa thi examination (session)
khoa vọng to celebrate (promotion, etc.)
khoai (sweet) potato
khoai nghệ sweet potato (yellow inside)
khoan (1) to drill, bore, auger, splice
(2) wide, broad, generous
(3) relaxed, slow, adagio
(4) wait, hold on
khoan khoái (feel) at ease, be in good spirits
khoan đãi treat kindly (the prisoners for war)
khoang hold (of a ship, airplane, boat)
khoang nhạc orchestra pit, pit(in a theatre)
khoanh tay fold one’s arms (in front of one’s chest)
khoanh vùng delineate an area (for investigation)
khoác (1) to wear on one’s shoulders
(2) to brag, boast, talk big
khoán trắng leave (some work) entirely to (someone), give(someone) a blank
khoảng không space (including the atmosphere)
khu phố quarter, section, district, block (of a city)
khu xóm enclave (place where a group lives)
khui to unpack, unload (goods), open
khui bia uống to open a beer (to drink it)
khui rót to open and pour (from a bottle)
khuynh (1) to lean, slant, incline (also politically)
(2) to ruin
khuynh hữu (political) right, rightist
khuynh trưởng elder (person)
khuynh tả (political) left, leftist
khuân to carry (heavy things, usually with other people)
khuân vác to carry (heavy things), transfer
khuê nữ damsel (of a feudal high family)
khuôn khổ (1) shape and size
(2) rules and regulations
khuôn mặt (shape of a) face, person
khuôn xếp settle, see to (something) done satisfactorily
khuông phù help, assist, aid (a dynasty)
khuất bóng in the shade, dead (and gone)
khác biệt nhau different (from each other)
khác nhau different (from each other)
khách thương foreign merchant, commercial (traveler)
khách trú Chinese (resident)
khám phá to discover, find out (secret, plot)
kháng chiến to resist (an invader); resistance
kháng cáo appeal (to a higher court)
kháng nghị protest against (some resolution)
kháng án (legal) appeal; to appeal
kháo nhau to talk (amongst each other)
khát sữa thirsty for milk (of a baby)
khâm sứ French resident superior (in central Vietnam)
khâu (1) to sew
(2) stage, step
khéo (1) skilled, talented
(2) be careful!, take care!
khéo khỉ you naughty (term of endearment)
khép to shut, close (down), condemn
khép cửa to close (a door)
khép cửa lại to reclose (a door)
khép hờ to close (but not completely)
khét to smell (sth burning)
khét khẹt to smell (sth burning)
khét lèn lẹt to smell (sth burning)
khét lẹt to smell (sth burning)
khét mù to smell (of smoke)
khí phách (strong) character
khí vị flavour, taste (of a dish)
khó trả difficult to pay off (of a loan)
khóa (1) school year, academic year, term
(2) to lock, fasten; lock
khóa họp session, sitting, term (of a meeting)
khóa sinh undergraduate(of local examination)
khôi nguyên (first-place) winner, recipent (of an award), laureate
không (1) no, not; (question tag)
(2) air
(3) empty
không biết có nên to not know whether one should (do sth)
không chịu cannot (stand, bear, endure)
không chịu nổi to not (be able to) stand or bear sth
không còn ai cả there is no one else (around)
không còn thì giờ there is no more time to (do sth)
không có otherwise, or, before; there is not; without (having)
không có ai (there is) no one, nobody
không có chồng unmarried (of a woman)
không có thói quen to not be in the habit of (doing sth)
không có tiền to not have (any) money
không có ác ý gì đâu no offence (meant), without malice
không có điều khiển unguided (e.g. missile)
không dám to not dare (to do sth)
không gian (outer) space
không gian đĩa disk space (computer)
không hiểu chuyện gì to not understand (what’s going on)
không khác gì no different from (something)
không lâu sau khi not long after(wards)
không lý it is (really) necessary?, must one?
không mui uncovered, without a roof (of a vehicle)
không ngần ngại to not hesitate (to do something)
không phải là việc dễ làm not (something) easy to do, no small feat
không thấy there was no (sign of)
không trừ một ai without exception (of anyone)
không đối không air-to-air (missile)
không đủ kinh nghiêm (too) inexperienced
không đủ sức unable (to do something)
khú pungently sour (like sour cabbage turning bad, or damp clothes)
khúc dạo (music) overture
khúc xạ to refract, bend (rays, etc)
khăn gói large handkerchief (to make a bundle of clothes, etc. with)
khăn mỏ quạ kerchief (to be tired in a triangle on the forehead)
khăn quàng đỏ red scarf (of a pioneer)
khăn xếp ready-to-wear turban (of men)
khăn đầu rìu ox-head turban (sign of leadership)
khướu chinese laughing-thrush (chim)
khảnh dainty, finicky (about one's food)
khảo to do research; to examine, test (students); torture, extort
khảo vấn question closely (cadidaties)
khất (1) to request, ask for a delay
(2) to beg
khẩu (classifier for guns)
khẩu khí one’s character (as shown by one’s way of speaking)
khẩu phần ration (of food, etc.)
khẩu đội (anti-aircraft) battery
khẩu đội trưởng captain (of a battery)
khắc (1) immediately
(2) to carve, engrave, chisel
khắc sâu engrave (in one’s mind)
khẳng (1) thin, skinny
(2) to affirm
khệ nệ lumber (under the weight of a heavy load), struggle with a heavy thing
khịt to blow (something) out (of one’s nose)
khỏi (1) to avoid, escape from, not help but (do sth)
(2) to recover (from illness)
khỏi cần phải (sth) is not necessary, (one) doesn’t have to be
khỏi ốm to recovery (from an illness)
khố lục native guard (of yamens)
khối tư bản capitalist block (of nations)
khống cáo bring or lodge a complaint (against), appeal (against)
khổ chủ victim (of a calamitỵ)
khổ mặt (shape of) face
khổ nhục (bodily) pain
khổng lồ người (of physique) huge, giant
khớp xương joint (in the body)
khởi loạn rebel, rise (against an established authority)
khởi nghĩa rise up in arms (against an oppressive rule)
khởi sự to commence, start, begin (work)
khởi thảo make the first draft (of a document)
khởi động to start (up), initiate, reboot
khứu giác (sense of) smell
khựng to stop (suddenly)
ki lô ca lo (kilo)calories (food)
kim needle, pin; metal, gold, hand (on a watch)
kim oanh (bird) pekin robin, red billedleiothrix, leiothrix lutea
kim thượng his majesty (the ruling king)
kim thạch like gold stone, unshakeable (friendship)
kim ô (fig) the sun
kinh (1) frightened, terrified
(2) capital city
(3) Chinese classics
(4) pass through, experience
(5) economics
(6) warp, longitude
kinh doanh to carry on business, conduct (trade, commerce)
kinh khủng frightening, terrifying, scared; very (much)
kinh lược (Hue court) viceroy (in north Vietnam)
kinh sách classic (book)
kiêm ái (be) equally fraternal to everyone
kiên trì keep firmly (to), hold (stand, keep) one’s ground, stick to
kiên tâm (be) firm in one purpose, (remain) steadfast
kiêng to avoid, abstain (from something)
kiếm củi to fetch firewood (in the forest)
kiếm thấy to find (out), discover
kiến (1) to see
(2) ant
kiến bò tingling (after a body part falls asleep)
kiến tập listen in (for practice), visit (elementary and secondary schools)
kiến điền survey land (with a view to a new land policy)
kiềm (1) to hold back, restrain
(2) basic, alkali
kiều bào immigrant, (overseas) national
kiều hối foreign (currency) exchange
kiểng (1) gong
(2) flower pot, planter [=cảnh]
kiểu diễm (fashion) model
kiểu truyền thống classic(al)
kiện (1) ware (as in software)
(2) to sue, charge, bring suit against
kiệt (1) stingy, miserly
(2) exhaused, worn out, spent, used up
(3) outstanding, excellent
(4) blind alley
kiệu tay to chair (in a chair made of clasped hands)
kè (1) to follow closely, trail
(2) basket
(3) embankment
(4) latania
kè nhè have a drunken drawl (in one’s voice)
kèn wind instrument (saxophone, trumpet, clarinet, etc)
kèn trống clarinet and drum (used in a funeral procession), ancient musical
kèo nhèo beg (for)
ké (1) to pool one’s money
(2) to bend, bow
(3) xanthium
kém hèn inferior, lower (in position, talent)
kéo cày pull (haul) a plough, toil and moil, work hard, toil hard
kéo cơ bẩm ra sau to pull back the slide (on a pistol)
kéo dài to stretch, extend, lengthen; to last (time)
kéo dài trong ba ngày to last 3 days (meeting, etc.)
kéo thả drag and drop (computer)
két (1) screech, gnashing, grinding (sound): (2) safe, case
(3) teal
kê (1) to list, mention, declare
(2) to prop up
kê toa to prescribe (medicine)
kêu gọi to appeal (to), call (up)on
kêu gọi nhà cầm quyền to appeal to, call upon (the) authorities
kêu tới to call someone (to come)
kìa hey (getting someone’s attention); before the day before yesterday, before the year before last year; over there, within sight
kìm (1) to restrain
(2) pliers, pincers
kìm giữ to hold (retain, restrain) one’s anger
kình (1) opposed, pitted against
(2) whale
kích (1) halberd
(2) size, measurement
(3) to strike, attack
(4) to criticize
kính (1) to (show) respect
(2) glass, (eye)glasses
kính bẩm report respectfully (used in addressing superior)
kính cận near-sighted (short-sighted) glasses
kính lão reading glasses (for old people)
kính nể (feeling of) respect; to respect
kính phòng lái cabin window (on an aircraft)
kính thư (polite closing to letter)
ký kết to sign, conclude (an agreement, pact)
ký ngụ lodge (stay) temporarily
ký nhận acknowledge receipt (of something) by signing one’s name
kẹo (piece of) candy
kẻ individual, single, person, man; to write (on a sign)
kẻ chợ city (person)
kẻ tình nghi suspect (a person)
kẻ ô squares, plaid (cloth)
kẻ ăn người làm (domestic) servants
kẻ đánh bom bomber (person)
kẻ đặt bom bomber (person)
kế (1) ruse, scheme, stratagem
(2) to reckon, computer, -meter
(3) to succeed, continue, inherit; heir
(4) next to, adjoining
kế tập succeed (to a title)
kếp tội to charge (with a crime)
kết toán draw the final balance-sheet (at the end of the financial year)
kể (1) to include
(2) to list, mention, declare, consider; to relate, tell (a story)
(3) individual, person
kể cả (even) including, included, inclusive
kể hết nguồn cơn to tell the ins and outs (of a story)
kể như to consider, regard, view (something as something)
kể tiếp to continue to tell (a story)
kể tiếp đi go on, continue (saying sth or telling a story)
kể từ giờ phút này from now (on)
kể từ lúc since (the time, the moment)
kể từ ngay from the day (something happened)
kể từ sau since (something happened)
kệ (1) shelf
(2) to ignore, leave alone, pay no attention to
kịch bản play (theatrical), scenario
kỳ (1) term, period, session; issue, number (of a periodical)
(2) strange, odd, eccentric
(3) until
(4) chess
(5) flag
(6) to request, hope for
(7) to rub
kỳ lạ strange, extraordinary, kinky (of sex)
kỳ quan wonder (of the world)
kỳ quan thế giới the (seven) wonders of the world
kỳ đảo to pray (for something)
kỵ (1) death anniversary
(2) opposed to, against, abstain from, phobia
(3) jealous
kỷ (1) order, discipline
(2) small table, bench
(3) self
(4) to write, record
(5) cycle, era
(6) 6th cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
kỷ hà học geometry (as a field of study)
kỷ lục record (as in a world record)
kỷ niệm 52 năm to celebrate, commemorate the 52nd anniversary (of something)
kỹ (1) carefully; careful, thorough
(2) prostitute
(3) skillful
kỹ thuật học technology (as a field of study)
la (1) to shout, yell, scold
(2) mule
(3) gong, cymbals
la hoảng to shout (in fear, panic)
la trời cry to god for mercy (for help)
lai (1) half-breed, crossbreed, hybrid
(2) to come, arrive
(3) trouser cuffs
lai cảo article sent to a newspaper (to be inserted)
lai láng overflowing (of feelings)
lai tạo create (a new variety) by cross-breeding
lam (1) temple, (2) dark blue, indigo blue
lan can banister, handrail (of stairs)
lan tràn to spread all over (disease, misfortune)
lan tràn như đám cháy to spread like (wild)fire
lang thang to wander (aimlessly), roam
lang trung doctor (traditional type)
lao (1) to throw, plunge, slam; dart, javelin
(2) tuberculosis
(3) jail, prison
lao móc fish (gig), harpoon
le to loll (its tongue)
le lói flickering, unsteady (light)
len chân make one’s way, find one’s way in, worm (oneself) into
li bì (of sleep) sound, soundly, deeply, unconsciously
li thân separation (of husband and wife)
linh mục (Catholic) priest
liu one of the five musical notes (in Vietnamese traditional music)
liêm chính honest (official)
liêm sỉ (sense of) decency; decent, modest
liên (1) union, connection
(2) successive, following
liên danh ticket (list of candidates for office)
liên tưởng to associate (thoughts), connect (ideas)
liên xã between villages (for administrative purposes)
liên đoàn (labor) union, federation, group, league, syndicate
liễu bồ the fair(er) sex, women
liệt quý vị (honored) ladies and gentleman
liệu (1) (rhetorical question maker)
(2) to think about, reflect, foresee
(3) material, ingredient
(4) to manage
lo (1) worried, anxious, afraid; to worry, fear, frighten
(2) to care about, look after
lo quanh to become anxious or uneasy (unnecessarily)
loan báo chính thức (to make an) official announcement
loi thoi disorderly, not correct, not proper (of clothes)
lon (1) jar, can
(2) (military) stripe, chevron
long (1) to come off, come apart
(2) dragon; imperial
long sòng sọc (of eyes) flashing with rage
long vương dragon king (king of river or ocean)
loáng (1) shiny
(2) short instant
loét (of wound) to be gaping
loại (1) category, sort, kind, species
(2) to remove, reject, eliminate, fail
loại sâu bọ (type of) insect
loảng choảng clanking, clash, clatter, clink (dishes)
lung (1) careful (of thinking)
(2) cage [= lồng]
luyến âm (music) ligature
luyện tập thể dục to exercise, work out (physical)
luân lý học (the field of) logic, ethics, moral philosophy
luận chứng data, facts (used to substantiate some theory), theoretical
luận công assess the merits, assess the achievements (of a community)
luật khoa law (subject of study)
luống tuổi old, advanced (in age)
luồng lạch narrow passage (of rivers, harbors)
ly dị nhau to divorce (one another)
ly rượu (alcoholic) drink, glass of alcohol
ly thân (marital) separation
là vì (is) because
làm bù nhìn to make a puppet (out of someone)
làm cho mọi người lầm tưởng to make everyone believe (something that isn’t true)
làm cho người ta mang cảm tưởng to give others the strong impression (that)
làm con tin to take (sb) hostage
làm cái keep the bank, be the banker (at a gambling table)
làm công việc to work (at a job)
làm dấu to (make a) sign, signal
làm hai thì to do something twice (because it wasn’t finished the first time)
làm hỗn to be rude (toward someone)
làm khổ to make (someone) unhappy or miserable, torment
làm liều run the risk (of doing something), run risks
làm lông pluck, deplume (a hen, goose), remove hair from the skin of
làm một ly to have a drink (of alcohol)
làm nhuế nhóa cho xong chuyện to do (something) perfunctorily for the sake of getting it done
làm nhăng nhít cho qua to do (something) by halves
làm như không to act as if one does not (do sth)
làm như thế này to do (sth) this way
làm nên make one’s way in life (in the world)
làm nửa vời to do (something) by halves
làm phá sản to bankrupt (someone or something)
làm phức tạp thêm to complicate, make (something) more complicated, create (additional) complications
làm ra cái vẻ to create the appearance (that)
làm rồi (already) done
làm sao chịu được how can one stand, how can one bear (sth)
làm sao được how is (sth) possible
làm sống lại to make (something from the past) come alive again, revitalize, reincarnate, reanimate, bring back to life
làm tổ to (build or make a) nest
làm y tá to be (work as) a nurse
làm ải plough (hoe) (the soil) loose
làn (1) basket
(2) [CL for waves, winds, trails]
làn sóng ngắn shortwave (frequency)
làn sóng trung bình medium wave (frequency)
làng nhàng (of person) rather thin
làng nước village (inhabitants), village people
làng xóm village (inhabitants) co-villagers, people, neighbors
lành to heal (a wound)
lành dạ have a god stomach (of one’s meals), a healthy appetite
lá cây leaf (of a plant)
lá lẩu leaves (in general)
lá thư điện email (letter)
lá thư điện tử packet (in a network)
lách (1) to swerve (through), make one’s way (through)
(2) spleen
lái to drive (a vehicle)
lái xe to drive (a car)
láng giềng neighbor(ing)
láo (1) insolent, impertinent
(2) to lie
láu shrewd, cunning, artful, (of child) smart, clever
lâm (1) neighbor; forest, woods
(2) to be on the verge of, about to
lân bàng neighboring, neighbor, near, in the vicinity (of)
lâu long (of time); to take a long time
lâu hơn một chút a little (while) longer
lâu quá rồi it has been a long time (since)
lây lan to spread (disease)
lây truyền to transmit (a disease)
lãng (1) wave
(2) to waste, squander
(3) bright
lão (1) old, old man
(2) Dao (of Daoism)
lão nhiêu old man (over years old) exempt from duties and
lè nhè drawling (voice)
léo get (into), climb (into), ascend
lê (1) pear
(2) to drag
(3) bayonet
(4) black, people
lê dương the (French) foreign legion
lê la to crawl about (of children)
lên chân (football game) play better, become a better player
lên giường to get (up) into bed
lên nhà to come (up) to sb’s house
lên tiếng to (raise one’s) voice, express one’s opinion, voice
lên tiếng chính thức to recognize, voice recognition (of)
lên tới mức hai con số to rise into (the) double-digits
lên đạn to cock (a gun), load (a round)
lêng láng to run all over, run out (water)
lì (1) stubborn, obstinate, unmoved
(2) very smooth
lí nhí indistinct, unclear (of speaking)
lính biên phòng (military) border guard
lính ma lính kiểng soldier in name only (receives pay but doesn’t fight)
lính mũ xanh green beret (soldier)
lính tập (obsolete) soldiers
líu nhíu (of handwriting) illegible, undecipherable, scribble
lò (1) furnace, kiln, oven, reactor; prison, jail
(2) to stick out
lò cò to hop (on one foot)
lò nung đồ sứ (pottery) kiln
lò xo spring (coil of metal)
lòng heart, spirit, feeling(s), innards, bowels, intestines
lòng bàn tay (cupped) palm, hollow of one’s hand
lòng can đảm (feeling of) courage
lòng ngưỡng mô (feeling of) admiration
lòng nhân từ compassion (for the weak or injured or sick)
lóp (of a cheek) hollow
lót ổ (of bird) to nest, build a nest
lôi (1) thunder
(2) to drag, pull
(3) (explosive) mine
lôi thôi lếch thếch unkempt (clothes)
lôi thôi lốc thấc unkempt (clothes)
lôi đài (boxing) ring
lõ (of nose) aquiline
lõa xõa (of hair) flowing, disheveled
lú (1) absent-minded, forgetful
(2) to rise, emerge
lúa rice (as a cereal); rice paddy
lúa nước rice (grown in water)
lúc trước (time) before, previously
lúc đầu (at, in) the beginning, at first
lúc đắc thời when one has a chance, the opportunity (to do something)
lúi húi be completely wrapped (engrossed) in
lúng búng splutter, splutter, mumble, be full of (some-thing)
lăm five (used in compound numbers)
lăm tăm (boiling) bubbles
lăng (1) sheat-fish
(2) mound, hillock, imperial tomb
(3) angle
(4) to insult, offend, invade
lăng loàn (of a woman) impolite, rude, bad, saucy, cheeky
lơ (1) to ignore, pretend not to see
(2) blue
lơ lửng hanging (in the air)
lưng (1) back
(2) capital, funds
lưu dụng keep for use, keep in office (from a former regime)
lưu niệm keep for the sake of (the giver)
lương thảo food for men and horses (in army)
lương tri intuitive knowledge, instinct, conscience (sense of right and wrong)
lướng vướng hampered, hindered (in one’s movement)
lướt to glance through, surf (the web), glide, pass by (quickly)
lưỡi tongue; blade, sickle, (classifier for bladed objects)
lưỡi khoan bit (of a drill)
lưỡng nghi heaven and earth (in Chinese philosophy)
lược comb; to pick up, gather (news), have (results)
lược khảo outline (study); to examine summarily
lạ hơn nữa là (something) even stranger is (that)
lạ tai unheard (to), strange to the ear
lạc hầu paladin (under the reign of kings hung)
lạc hậu behind (the times)
lạc quyền make (take) up a collection, subscribe
lạc tướng military chief (under the reign of kings hung)
lại (1) again; against, over again, back towards; resume, re-
(2) to come, reach, get to
(3) (indicates something is contrary to expectations)
lại bữa to recover one’s appetite (after an illness)
lại hồn pull oneself together, regain self-control (after a fright)
lại người recuperate (after a long illness)
lạm to overstep the limit (of), exceed the bounds (of), abuse (power, etc.)
lạm bổ (of taxes) raise the rent
lạnh lẽo cold, out (of a light)
lạo xạo crunch, crushing sound (made by walking or driving on something)
lạt (1) water, insipid, flat, dull, faded
(2) bamboo string, rattan string
lạy (1) to prostrate oneself, pray
(2) Reverend, Holy (as a title)
lạy trời lạy đất (exclamation asking for assistance), god help, heaven help
lải nhải to insist (unpleasantly)
lảng (1) to sneak away
(2) absent-minded
lảnh (of voice) shrill, sharp, piercing
lảnh lói shrill (voice)
lấn chiếm to annex (by force), confiscate, transgress, encroach
lấy by, to, for oneself; to take adopt, charge a price; seize; to pick up, take, charge (a price)
lấy nhau to marry (each other)
lấy vợ (of a man) to get married, take a wife
lần nào which time, ever (in the past)
lần đầu tiên trong lịch sử (for) the first time in history
lần đầu tiên trong đời (for) the first time in one’s life
lầu (1) story (of a building)
(2) [=làu]
lẩn lút hide (oneself) (from), skulk, stay skulking, lie in hiding
lẫm chẫm (of a child) toddle
lẫm cẫm be confused (because of old age), a little crazy
lẫn lộn confused, mixed (up)
lẫy (of baby) turn over, roll over
lận (1) to cheat, deceive
(2) be stingy
lập luận này không vững this (line of) reasoning is unsound
lập lòe (of light) be off and on, twinkle, flicker, sparkle, blink
lập nghiêm assume a serious expression (face)
lập nghiệp to settle, found, establish (a business)
lập trình viên (computer) programmer
lật trang to turn the page (of a book, newspaper)
lậu (1) to dodge (taxes, etc.), contraband, smuggling
(2) to ooze, leak
(3) vile, low, narrow, bigoted
lắng nghe to listen (closely, carefully)
lẳng lặng silently, quietly, without (any) fuss, without a song
lẵng đẵng (of time) crawl, drag on, hang heavy
lẽ (1) (zero in the middle of numbers, e.g. 101)
(2) reason, argument
(3) secondary
lề (1) custom, habit, manner, rule
(2) edge, rim, margin
lề giấy margin (on a sheet of paper)
lễ mễ (carry something) with difficulty (because it is heavy)
lễ nhậm chức inauguration (ceremony)
lễ sanh student priest (Cao Dai)
lễ tạ ơn Thanksgiving (U.S. holiday)
lệ (1) custom, rule, regulation
(2) tear
(3) to depend on, rely on; servant
(4) to be shy
(5) epidemic
(6) lichee
(7) beautiful
(8) to encourage
lệch pha (physics) dephasing
lệnh đơn menu (computer)
lọi xương dislocate (joint etc)
lố nhố swarm (with), teem (with), great number and in disorder
lốc nhốc swarm (with), teem (with)
lối lý luận (method of) reasoning
lối thông (mountain) pass
lối tắt shortcut (computer)
lồm rash (on the ear)
lồng tiếng to dub (a film)
lỗ loss (in business); hole
lỗ nặng to fail (business)
lỗ quan sát peephole (in a door)
lỗ trống (empty) hole
lỗ vốn to lose, fail (in business)
lỗ đáo hole (for children to play their throwing game)
lỗi đạo to fail in one’s (moral) duty, transgress morality
lộ (1) street, road
(2) to come out, divulge, disclose, reveal
lộ đồ roadmap, plan (for doing something)
lội truồn to strip (off someone’s clothes)
lộp cộp clump (of shoes)
lột (1) to skin
(2) to strip, deprive of
(3) to shed, cast off
(4) to strip, bear
lớn tuổi hơn older (than)
lớp (1) class, grade, rank, layer, bed
(2) classroom
lớp giầu the (ranks of the) rich
lớp nghèo the (ranks of the) poor
lớp đồng ấu first grade (school)
lờ lững indifferent, grow cold, lose interest (in)
lờ ngờ sluggish, slow, slow (witted)
lời (1) spoken words, statement
(2) interest, profit
lời bàn moral (of a story)
lời bình phẩm (words of) comment, criticism
lời chỉ trích (words of) criticism
lời cám ơn (words of) thanks
lời cải chính (words of) denial
lời cảnh cáo (words of) warning
lời giải thích (words of) explanation
lời khuyên (piece of) advice, council
lời lẽ words, reason(ing), argument
lời nói spoken word(s), statements, speech
lời tán dương (words of) praise
lời vào đề introduction (to a book)
lời xỉ vả (words of) insult
lợi (1) to be profitable, advantageous, gainful; profit
(2) gum (tissue in mouth)
lợi khí (sharp) instrument, tool
lợi quyền (economic rights), interests
lợn (1) pig, hog, swine
(2) to flirt
lợp xợp (of hair) tousled
lợt (of color) pale
lục (1) to search
(2) six
(3) to record, copy
(4) (dry) land
(5) green
lục cục restless (sleep)
lục lạc tintinnabulum (on a horse harness)
lục vị the six tastes (sour, hot, salt, sweet, bitter, tasteless)
lục đục to disagree, (be in) conflict
lụi cụi apply oneself strenuously to (some work)
lụn be going out little by little (of a fire), be worn out little by little
lụp xụp low (of a house)
lủng (1) to perforate, piece
(2) numberless, plentiful
lừa (1) donkey
(2) to cheat, swindle, deceive
lực lượng chính phủ government force(s)
lực lượng quân sự military force(s), strength
ma (1) ghost
(2) narcotics; [3] hemp, sesame
(4) to rub
ma gà chicken demons (who cause illness)
ma nơ canh (dressmaker’s or tailor’s) dummy, mannequin
mai phục to (lie in) ambush
man (1) false
(2) savage, barbarian
mang nặng đẻ đau to carry (a child)
mang tính characteristic; to be ~ (adjective)
manh (1) rag, piece, scrap, piece
(2) blind
(3) to sprout
(4) vagrant, criminal
manh mối clue, lead (in a criminal case)
may (1) to sew, stitch, make clothes
(2) lucky, fortunate
may sẵn ready made (of clothes, as opposed to tailor made)
meo meo meow (sound made by a cat)
minh bright, clear; oath, alliance; Ming (1368-1644, last native Chinese dynasty in the history of China)
minh chủ leader (of a movement)
minh họa illustration (in a book, e.g.); to illustrate
miến (1) glass noodles, long rice
(2) wheat noodles
miếng (1) fragment, piece, bit, morsel, bit, mouthful
(2) (fighting) trick, technique, move
miếng võ (fighting) trick, move, technique
miền nam Việt Nam Southern (region of) Vietnam
miễn (1) exempt (from taxes, e.g.); to forgive, excuse
(2) on condition, provided that
(3) reluctant
miễn bỏ phiếu to abstain (from a vote)
miễn phí free (of charge)
miễn sao provided (that), providing (that), on condition (that), as long as
mo (1) sheath, (2) sorcerer
mo cau sheath, spathe (of areca tree)
mo nang cataphyll (of bamboo), sheath of bamboo shoot
moi móc to rummage, forage; expose (someone’s defects), run down
mong có dịp để to wait for the moment to (do sth)
mong đợi to expect, wait (for)
mua giùm buy (for me)
mua mặt save face, pay due consideration to (someone’s) face
mua việc bring upon oneself more trouble (by doing unnecessary extra work)
mui top, roof, hood (of car)
muông thú wild animals, wild quadrupeds, (wild) beast
muối mặt brazenly entreat (someone for something)
muối vừng sesame and salt (roasted and crushed)
muốn (1) to desire, want
(2) to look like (weather)
muốn mưa it looks like (it’s going to) rain
muốn như vậy to want that, want something (done a certain way)
mà! (the speaker insists on the content of the sentence)
mài mòn to wear (down), abrade
màn bạc (movie) screen
màn cửa curtain (door, window)
màn hình nền desktop (e.g. Windows)
màn đánh răng toothbrushing (act, routine)
mào comb, crest (of bird)
màu mỡ pick, fat (land)
màu vàng yellow (colored)
màu đen black (colored)
mày you (used by a superior to an inferior)
mày mò sound, grope (for, after), feel about (for), find by feeling or groping
mách (1) to report, inform, provide information
(2) match (for starting fires)
mái (1) roof
(2) (of a bird) female
mái chìa (architecture) drip-molding
máng (1) gutter, rainspout
(2) to hang up clothes
mát tay (of doctor) skillful, skilled; pleasant to the touch; luck, fortunate
máu mê passion (fro something), enthusiasm (for)
máy (classifier for computers, radios); engine, machine, motor
máy bay khu trục fighter (aircraft)
máy bay oanh tạc bomber (aircraft)
máy bay phóng pháo bomber (aircraft)
máy bay thả bom bomber (aircraft)
máy phản ứng reactor (nuclear)
máy trả lời (telephone) answering machine
máy điện toán chủ host (computer)
máy đo địa chấn Richter scale (for measuring earthquake strength)
mâu thuẫn nhau to contradict (each other)
mây (1) cloud
(2) rattan
mãi (for) a long time, always for ever, for good, unceasingly, continually; to continue, go on
mãi lộ toll (on a highway), bribe to highwaymen
mãi suốt over the entire, for the whole (period of time)
mãn khóa graduation (ceremony); to graduate
mãn ý satisfied (with), content (with)
mão fourth year of the Chinese zodiac (“cat” or “rabbit”)
mèo khen mèo dài đuôi the cat praises its own tail (to blow one’s own horn)
mé (1) to cut off, prune
(2) edge, border, space, area, side
méo miêng mouth (twisted in a grimace)
mét meter; to strop, set (razor), tell tales; pale
mê (1) to faint, lose consciousness, unconscious
(2) to dote upon, be crazy about, infatuated
mê mải to take (to), give oneself up (to), devote oneself to, be passionately fond (of), be absorbed in; infatuated
mê mệt be unconscious; go mad (on something), be infatuated (with something)
mìn dynamite, (land) mine
mình body, oneself, I, we (inclusive)
mình ơi (form of address between people on a familiar basis)
mít (1) jackfruit
(2) hermetically sealed, airtight
mò mẫm to grope, feel, fumble (around for)
mòi (1) herring
(2) sign
mòn to wear (down, out); worn
mòng teal (bird), gad-fly, ox-fly
móc xích link (of a chain), lead to
món (1) dish, course, (2) item, article, thing, sum, amount
món ngon vật lạ choice (or dainty) morsel
món đóng góp contribution (monetary)
móng (1) foundation, base
(2) claw, (finger) nail, claw, hoof
móng guốc hoof (of animals such as horses, cattle, sheep)
mót to glean (corn)
môi trường đồ họa graphical environment (computer)
môn (1) band, gang, clique
(2) field or subject of study
môn phái sect, cult, school (of thought)
mù (1) fig
(2) mist
(3) blind, sightless
mùa xuân spring (season)
mùi (1) smell, scent, odor, color
(2) eighth year of the Chinese zodiac (“goat” or “sheep”)
mùi mẽ taste (of food)
mùng (1) mosquito net
(2) (1-10th of month)
múa mép waggle one’s tongue (for show)
múi knot (of a narrow band of cloth or silk), segment, zone, section, slice (of a fruit)
măm (of a child) eat, chew
mũ lưỡi trai cap (with a visor), visored hat
mũ mấn mourning cap, mourning bonnet (worn by a woman for her parents or husband)
mũ ni mitre (of Buddhist priest)
mũ trùm đầu hood (head covering)
mũi dùi spearhead (of attack)
mũi giùi point where an attack is focused, focus (of an attack)
mũm mỉm chubby, plump (of a child)
mơ (1) to dream
(2) apricot-tree
mơ ước (1) sign, symbol
(2) to dream of, desire; of one’s dreams
mưa lớn heavy rain(s)
mưu hại attempt (to harm), loss
mưu sát to make an attempt (on someone’s life), attempted assassination
mưu sự to see to (something), make careful arrangements for
mươi ten (in 20, 30, 40, etc.)
mười bốn tây the 14th (date on Western calendar)
mười mấy ump-teen (number between 10 and 20)
mạc (1) lost, astray
(2) screen, curtain
mạn area, region, side (of a boat)
mạng lưới giao liên toàn cầu World Wide Web (WWW)
mạng điện thoại cố định fixed (terrestrial, land) telephone network
mải absorbed (in a task), engrossed (in something)
mải mê to be absorbed, engrossed (in something)
mảnh (1) piece, fragment, part, scrap
(2) [CL for furniture]
mấp ma mấp mô (of road) uneven, rough
mấp mô uneven (ground)
mất (1) to die, pass away, vanish
(2) to lose, spend, take (money, time)
mất một tiếng đồng hồ to take (or waste) an hour
mất sức to lose one’s health, lose strength, lose one’s ability (to do something)
mất ăn (1) to lose one’s appetite
(2) to lose one’s profits
mấy bữa rầy these (last) few days
mấy chục ngàn (several) tens of thousands
mấy ông you (gentlemen)
mầm mống germ, seed, cause (of something bad)
mầu da cam orange (color)
mầu xám gray (colored)
mầy you (used with an inferior)
mẩy body; well rounded, (of women) plump, buxom
mẫu (1) hectare (c. 3600 sq. meters)
(2) model, pattern, sample, form, specimen
mẫu nghiệm (statistical) sample
mẫu ta Vietnamese mow (3600 square meters)
mẫu tây hectare (10,000 square meters)
mẫu đơn (1) application form
(2) peony
mập (1) fat, plump, chubby
(2) shark
mật (1) honey, molasses
(2) gall, bile
(3) secret, confidential, classified
(4) dense, thick, close, intimate
mắc (1) to be expensive
(2) to be caught (in a trap, disaster), hang on a peg
mắt hao mí eyelid with two folds (considered attractive)
mắt hoe cá chày red-eyed (from crying)
mắt một mí eyelid with a single fold (considered less attractive)
mắt xanh green eyes; beautiful eyes (of a girl)
mắt xích link (of a chain)
mặc cảm (psychological) complex
mặc ý to allow (someone to do something)
mặc đồ lính to put on a (military) uniform
mặt (1) right
(2) face, surface, dial
(3) side, aspect
mặt bơ phờ tired expression (on one’s face)
mặt khuất hidden, dark side (of the moon)
mặt kính (shop) window
mặt ngoài outside (appearance)
mặt phải right side, heads (of a coin)
mặt phẳng plane (in geometry)
mặt tiền front (of the building)
mặt trái back, reverse, wrong side; tails (of a coin)
mẹ kiếp (exclamation)
mẻ (1) haul, catch (of fish); batch; beating, thrashing
(2) fermented rice
(3) chipped, nicked
mế (dialect) old woman; (dialect) urinate, make water, piss, pee
mề gizzard (of poultry)
mềm môi merry, a bit tight, half sloshed (slang)
mễ trestle; (as a) cereals
mỉa to ridicule, make fun (of)
mọc to grow, flourish, rise (moon, e.g.)
mọng succulent; swollen, bursting (with a liquid)
mỏ nhác snipe (bird)
mỏ nhát snipe (bird)
mỏm chó muzzle, snout (of a dog)
mố abutment (of a bridge)
mốc (1) moldy, musty, mildewed; mildew, mold
(2) landmark, boundary
mối (1) termite, white ant
(2) house lizard
(3) end (of entangled thread or string), beginning (of an involved story); [CL for feelings, tensions, relationships], cause for (hope, worry, danger), customer, passenger
(4) liaison, go-between
mốt mode, style, fashion; one (in compound numbers); day after tomorrow
mồ (1) grave, tomb
mồ ma (some dead person’s) lifetime
mồi (1) bait, lure, decoy
(2) to light (fire)
(3) turtle
mồng (prefix for 1st ten days of month)
mổ xẻ to dissect, operate (on), anatomize, break down
mộ (1) grave, tomb
(2) to love, admire, be fond of, be a follower of
(3) to recruit (soliders)
mộng (1) dream
(2) sprout
(3) film
(4) fat
một bát cơm a bowl(ful) of rice
một bó hoa a bouquet (of flowers)
một chục (a group of) ten
một con người khác a different (kind of) person
một cặp mắt (a pair of) eyes
một cỗ bài deck of (playing) cards
một lát (for a) moment, short while
một lúc (for a) moment, instant, short while
một mớ vỏ xe a set of (automobile) tires
một ngày sau khi a day after (something)
một người tình nghi a suspect (in a crime)
một người vô sự a person without a care (in the world)
một người đồng hương a (fellow) countryman, compatriot
một số a number (of), certain, several, some
một số người cho là some people believe (or say) that ~
một số tiền some (amount of) money
một thoáng sao a (little) while later
một thứ (1) a guy
(2) a kind of
một triệu (1) one million
(2) omen
(3) to recall
một vật gì đó some object (or another)
một đời one’s life(time)
một đứa bé sơ sinh a newborn (baby)
mớ (1) to talk in one’s sleep
(2) lot, amount, batch
(3) hundred thousand
mới đây (most) recently, lately
mớm feed from one’s mouth (beak)
mời to invite; please (do sth)
mở hàng to make the first purchase in the day (of something) from someone
mở toang open (the door) wide
mở đường initiate, pave the way for, open the road (to something)
mở đường cho to open the door to (something), allow (something), make way for (something)
mục lục (table of) contents, catalog, list
mục từ entry (in a dictionary)
mụi left over (as odds and ends, leavings)
mức thang level, rung (of a ladder)
mức thấp kỷ lục record low (level)
mừng tuổi express New Year’s Day wishes (to someone for being a year older)
mửa to vomit, spew up (food)
nai dưng (to work) hard, severe
nam (1) south
(2) male
nam ai traditional song (originated in the central regions)
nam bằng traditional song (originated in the central regions)
nam bộ southern part (of an area)
nam phụ lão ấu young and old (alike), everybody (regardless of sex and age)
nam phục traditional clothing (of Vietnam)
nay (1) this, these
(2) today, at present, nowadays, now, at this time
ngang dọc (do something) in one’s own sweet time (way)
ngao (1) oyster, shell
(2) to roam
ngau nháu crispy, crunchy (of chewing food)
ngay cả trong lúc even while (doing sth)
ngay khi as soon as, just, right at the time (when)
nghe hơi to hear (vaguely)
nghe lời to listen to, comply with (advice), obey
nghe theo listen and obey, obey, take (somebody’s) advice
nghe thêm to hear (any) more
nghe thấy to hear (as a result of listening)
nghe tiếng nổ to hear (the sound of) a shot
nghe trộm to eavesdrop, bug, (wire)tap
nghe tăm to hear (vaguely)
nghe tới to hear (sth)
nghe! (used at the end of imperative sentences) hear me?
nghi (1) air, manner
(2) to be suitable
(3) to doubt, suspect, become suspicious
nghi can suspect (in a crime)
nghi ngút whirl up, spiral up, (of smoke) rise in curls
nghi ngại be reluctant (to do something) because still in doubt
nghi phạm suspect (in a crime)
nghinh chiến to intercept (one’s enemy)
nghiêm trọng hơn more importantly, more serious(ly)
nghiên (1) grind (into fine pieces), investigate, study
(2) inkstone
nghiêng người tới trước to lean (oneself) forward
nghiễm nhiên (1) unruffled, imperturbable
(2) without much fuss, without ado
(3) suddenly, all of a sudden
nghiện hút addict (drug)
nghiện ma túy drug addict(ion)
nghè (1) holder of doctor’s degree in Sino-Vietnamese classics
(2) small roadside temple
nghê lion’s club, small lion (as a decoration on top of pillars or incense-burners)
nghênh (1) to look round, look about one; (20 to welcome
nghênh tân to welcome (a guest)
nghêu sing, recite disconnected phrases (for one’s own entertainment)
nghĩ lại to reconsider, rethink, have second thoughts, think back (on)
nghĩ sao to think how, think what (about)
nghĩ thầm to think (silently)
nghĩa là that is (to say), that means
nghẹn lời be struck dumb (with emotion)
nghề in printing (as a craft or profession)
nghề nuôi cá bè fish farming (using a special boat)
nghễu nghện sitting unstably (in a high place)
nghệ thuật cắm hoa flower arranging (ikebana)
nghỉ chân call a halt, stop for a short while (during a trip)
nghỉ ngơi to (take a) rest, relax
nghị sự item of business, business (at a conference)
nghị trưởng speaker (of a colonialist house of deputies)
nghịch (1) boisterous, hostile, rebellious, contrary, opposite, reverse
(2) to play with, tamper with, mess with
nghịch tinh mischievous, play pranks (on somebody)
ngoa (1) sharp-tongued
(2) exaggerated, untruthful
ngoam ngoáp open (wide) one’s mouth
ngoan ngoãn to behave (nicely); well-behaved, obedient, docile
ngoe ngoảy to wag (a tail)
ngon miệng (with a) good appetite
ngon ngọt sweet, honeyed (words)
ngon xơi easy (job)
ngoài besides, outside, aside from, in addition; without, exterior, external; up north (referring to the northern part of VN)
ngoài giờ except for the time (when), when not (doing sth)
ngoài sự việc aside from the fact (that)
ngoài trời outside, outdoors, (in the) open-air
ngoài tầm tay beyond or out of (one’s) reach
ngoác open wide (one’s mouth)
ngoáp gape (for air, said of fish), open one’s mouth
ngoại ngạch (of government employees) with special-status
ngoại xâm (foreign) aggression
ngoại ô suburbs, outskirts (of a town)
ngoại động (of verb) transitive
ngoại ứng outside collaboration (with subversion, etc)
ngoảnh mặt to turn (one’s face) away
ngoắc hang (on a hook), hook
ngoằng disproportionately (long)
ngoặc tay link forefingers (in sign of a contract agreed upon)
ngu (1) foolish, stupid
(2) the Emperor Yu, who ruled China from 2204-2197 BC
nguyên canh present state of exploitation, present exploiter (of land)
nguyên cảo original (text, manuscript)
nguyên hình true colors, true (evil) nature
nguyên liệu raw material(s)
nguyên tắc thị trường market principle(s)
nguyên đán new year (lunar calendar), new year’s day
nguyện ước wish, desire, wish (for), desire (for), longing (for), hunger (for)
nguyệt liễm monthly fees (paid to an association)
nguôi subside, become appeased, become less sharp (severe), cool down, calm
nguồn tin source (of news or information)
nguồn tin giấu tên anonymous (news) source
nguồn tin đáng tin cậy reliable source (of information)
nguội ngắt freezing terribly cold (of food)
ngài gentleman, lord, sir, (term of respect)
ngàn (1) thousand
(2) mountains and forests
ngàn đời a long time ago (10000 years), age-old, centuries-old
ngành khoa học branch (of study)
ngày giao dịch trading day, (stock) market day
ngày rằm the fifteenth day of the (lunar) month
ngày vía birth anniversary (of Buddha)
ngày xưa (1) once upon a time
(2) formerly, old times, old days
ngái hispid; having an immature smell (taste), having not quite the right smell (taste)
ngâm vịnh compose and recite a poem extempore (under the inspiration or some feeling)
ngân nga trill (when declaiming poems)
ngân tiền silver coin (used as a decoration)
ngâu aglaia (kind of tree with fragrant little flowers); seventh lunar month
ngã ba (three-way) crossroads, intersection, junction, confluence
ngã tư (four way) intersection, crossroads
ngão kind of fish (with wide mouth)
ngòi bút (pen) nib
ngòn dark (red)
ngó ngoáy scrape round (in something hollow)
ngóc small branch (of a road)
ngót (1) almost, close to, nearly
(2) to diminish, decrease, become more compact
ngôi (1) throne
(2) [CL for for temples, graves]
ngôn speech, word, expression; (colloquial) to speak
ngôn ngữ Việt Vietnamese (language)
ngôn ngữ đánh đấu siêu văn bản hypertext markup language (HTML)
ngúc ngoắc move (one’s head) from side to side
ngúc ngắc shake (one’s head), broken, interrupted, hesitate, stammer, falter
ngút rise high, curl upwards, (of flames, smoke) rise profusely
ngăn (1) to prevent, hinder
(2) to separate, divide, part; partition, compartment, drawer
(3) to prevent, hinder
ngũ giới the five prohibitions of Buddhism (no killing, no stealing, no sex, no vulgarity, no alcohol)
ngũ hành the five basic elements (metal, wood, water, fire, earth)
ngũ hình the five punishments (death, banishment for life, deportation, imprisonment, fine)
ngũ kim five metals (gold, silver, copper, iron and tin)
ngũ luân five moral bonds (king and subject, father and child, husband and wife, brothers and sisters, friends)
ngũ phúc five blessings (wealth, position, longevity, good health, security)
ngũ quả the five fruits (banana, oranges, kumquats, pomelos, finger citrons)
ngũ sắc the five primary colors (blue, yellow, red, white, black)
ngũ thường the five virtues (benevolence, righteousness, civility, knowledge, loyalty)
ngũ tuần fifty years (of age)
ngũ âm the five notes (of the traditional musical scale)
ngơừi Ai Cập Egyptian (person)
ngưng (1) to cease, stop, suspend, delay, interrupt
(2) to clot, condense
ngưng phiên giao dịch to halt, stop trading (stock)
ngước to raise, bend, stretch upward (face or neck)
người A Phú Hãn Afghan (person)
người Ai Cập Egyptian (person)
người Ai Lao Laotian (person)
người An Nam Annamese (person)
người Bắc Northerner (Vietnamese), North Vietnamese
người Cam Bốt Cambodian (person)
người Hoa Chinese (person)
người Hồi Giáo Moslem (person)
người Lào Laotian (person)
người Mỹ American (person)
người Nam Southerner (Vietnamese), South Vietnamese
người Nga Russian (person)
người Nhật Japanese (persons)
người Nhật Bản Japanese (person)
người Phật Buddhist (person)
người Thái Lan Thai (person)
người Triều Tiên Korean (person)
người Trung Hoa Chinese (person)
người Tây Tạng Tibetan (person)
người Việt Vietnamese (person)
người Việt Nam Vietnamese (person)
người bị hại victim (of a criminal act)
người châu Âu European (person)
người chứng kiến witness (person)
người cộng sản communist (person)
người cỡi rider (of a horse)
người da trắng Caucasian (person)
người dùng user (person)
người gửi sender (of a letter, etc.)
người ly khai dissident (person)
người lái driver (of a vehicle)
người lưỡng tính bisexual (person), hermaphrodite
người mẫu model (person)
người nhận recipient (of a letter)
người phái nam men (as opposed to women)
người phái nữ women (as opposed to men)
người quảng đông Cantonese (person)
người ta people (in general), they, one, you
người thay thế replacement (person)
người tin tưởng confidant (person)
người tài xế driver (of a vehicle)
người tình nghi suspect (in a crime)
người tấn công attacker (person)
người Á Châu Asian (person)
người Á Đông east Asian (person)
người Áo Austrian (person)
người Âu châu European (person)
người Ý Italian (person)
người âu European (person)
người úc Australian (person)
người đồng hương (fellow) countryman, compatriot
người đồng tình homosexual (person)
người đồng tính homosexual (person)
người Ả Rập Arab (person)
người Ấn Ðộ Indian (person)
người ủng hộ supporter (person)
ngược trở back (where something came from)
ngược xuôi move heaven and earth, ply (between)
ngượng mồm to feel too awkward (embarrassed) to speak
ngạch threshold (of a door)-scale (of taxes)
ngạch trật various ranks and grades (in a classification scale of civil servants)
ngạo ngược impertinent, insolent (in a self-willed way)
ngả nón remove one’s (conical) hat
ngảnh lại turn back, turn one’s face (towards) take care (of)
ngảnh đi turn away (from) not to bother about
ngấm nguýt give (someone) a black look
ngấm đòn tell on (somebody)
ngẩng to lift, raise (neck, head, face), look up
ngậm to hold, keep; to bear, endure; to close (mouth, lips)
ngậm miệng shut (close) one’s mouth-keep silent, hold one’s tongue
ngắn ngủi short (time), brief, fleeting, transient, ephemeral
ngằn ngặt (of a baby) sob convulsively
ngặt nghèo hard, difficult, serious (illness)
ngặt nghẽo to split one’s sides (with laughter)
ngọ (1) seventh year of the Chinese zodiac (“horse”)
(2) noon, midday
ngọ môn southern gate (of a royal palace)
ngọc cơ basket with a beak (Cao Dai)
ngọc thạch gem(stone), jade, precious stone
ngọn [CL for mountains, hills]; peak (of a mountain), top, tip, end, summit
ngọt sweet (tasting), fresh (water)
ngọt như mía lùi (as) sweet as honey
ngọt nhạt sugary, smooth (of voice)
ngỏ to be open (door); to reveal, express
ngỏ lời cảm tạ to express one’s thanks (to someone)
ngồi khít khịt to sit (very) close together
ngồi vào bàn to sit (down) at a table
ngồng to shoot up (of cabbage, tobacco plant); towering
ngộ cảm to catch (a) cold
ngợi ca praise, sing the praise (of)
ngợp feel dizzy (at altitudes)
ngụ cư reside (in a strange place)
ngụp dive, plunge (into the water)
ngủ thiếp to be out (sleeping)
ngừng to stop (short), cease
ngừng bút finish writing (a letter)
ngửi (1) to smell, sniff
(2) to stand, bear, endure
ngửng to raise, turn up, lift (one’s head)
ngữ (1) measure, limit, moderation
(2) despicable fellow
ngữ hệ family (of languages)
ngữ vựng vocabulary (of a language)
ngự sử royal adviser (in charge of preventing the rule from doing wrong)
nha (public, government) office, service, bureau
nhau (1) together, in company, each other
(2) placenta
nhem thèm suck and dangle (sweet) in front of (somebody)
nhen lửa to kindle (light) a fire
nheo nhóc (of children) to be neglected, uncared for
nhiếc make ironical remarks about (someone)
nhiếc móc humiliate (someone) with remarks on his defects
nhiều chục (many) dozens of
nhiễm to be infected, catch, contract (an illness)
nhiễu (1) to disturb, bother, annoy
(2) crepe (fabric)
nhiệt đới tropic (torrid) zone
nho (1) grape
(2) Confucian
nhoai strive to come up (from water)
nhu (1) flexible, pliant, soft
(2) parcel
nhuận leap (as in leap year)
nhuận sắc to polish, embellish, revise (a text)
nhuốm bệnh begin to catch (to contract) a disease
nhà (1) [CL for experts]
(2) building, house
(3) house, family, clan, home
nhà bếp (1) cook, chef
(2) kitchen
nhà chức trách authorities (legal, police, government, etc.)
nhà cung cấp provider (of a service, e.g.)
nhà cái banker (at a gaming table)
nhà cầu roofed corridor (between two buildings), gallery; toilet
nhà giàu wealthy (rich) family-the rich
nhà kỷ niệm độc lập Independence Hall (Philadelphia)
nhà may tailor’s (shop), dressmaker’s (shop), tailor shop
nhà nhập cảng importer (person)
nhà phân phối distributor (person)
nhà riêng (private) house, home
nhà rông communal house (in the western plateau)
nhà rạp canvas tent (set up temporarily for a ceremony)
nhà sư (Buddhist) monk, bonze
nhà sưu tập collector (person who collects)
nhà thuốc Tây (western) pharmacy, drug store
nhà trí thức intellectual (person)
nhà tôi đi vắng my husband (wife) is out
nhà tướng số fortune teller (who uses one’s face and date/time of birth)
nhà tắm công cộng public bath(s)
nhà tổ chức organizer (person)
nhà đạo diễn producer (of a movie)
nhà đỡ đầu sponsor (person)
nhào nặn knead (clay) carefully and model (a statue), mould
nhá (1) to chew
(2) see nhé
nhái (1) frog
(2) to parody, imitate, mimic
nhát (1) short time
(2) to cut, stab, slash
(3) cowardly, shy, timid
nhát gái shy of girls (said of boys)
nhân (1) at the time of
(2) core, kernel, almond
(3) to multiply
(4) man, person
(5) to cause
nhân dân tệ people’s currency (Chinese currency), renminbi
nhân hòa harmony, accord (between or among people)
nhân ngày one day, on a (particular) day
nhân sĩ gentleman, notable (person)
nhân tình (sexual) partner, lover
nhân viên an ninh security (staff)
nhân viên an ninh vũ trang armed security (staff)
nhâu nhâu rush (run) in a pack
nhè (1) to choose
(2) to whine, whimper
(3) aim (only at a given target)
(4) make use of, take advantage of
nhèo nhẹo (of children) troublesome, importunate
nhé (mild command, request)
nhìn to look (at), see, regard, appear
nhìn một vòng chung quanh to look around (once)
nhìn qua một cái to take a (single) look
nhìn ra ngoài to look out(side)
nhìn thẳng vào mắt to look directly into (sb’s) eyes
nhìn vào mắt to look (sb) in the eye
nhí (slang) betty, little
nhíp (1) spring
(2) tweezers; to extract with tweezers
nhóc (1) see ngóc
(2) chock-full
(3) brat
nhóc nhách be able to sit up (after being laid up), raise (a little, slightly, lift) (a little, slightly)
nhô cao to raise up (high)
nhún nhẩy swinging, swaggering (one’s hips)
nhăm five (in 25, 35, etc.)
nhăn (1) to prevent, hinder, block
(2) wrinkle; creased; wrinkle
nhơ danh sully, smear (someone’s) name
như ai like any other (person)
như anh em like brother(s) and sister(s)
như chơi (like) child’s play
như gà mắc tóc tie oneself (up) into knots
như thời as in the time (of)
như trên as above, this (refers to antecedent), idem, ditto
như vậy là this (kind of thing) is
nhưng lại but (rather, as opposed to something previously said)
nhướng to raise (eyebrows)
nhường bước give way (to somebody)
nhường lời give (up) the floor
nhường ngôi to yield or cede the throne, abdicate (in favor of)
nhượng địa territory conceded (to foreign country), concession
nhạc phủ conservatory (in imperial court)
nhạt light, faded (color), not salty enough, tasteless
nhảy cầu (sports) springboard
nhảy vọt to leap (up)
nhảy ô hopscotch (children’s game)
nhấc ống nghe điện thoại to pick up the (telephone) receiver
nhấn to dial, press (button); to stress, emphasize
nhấn nước to flush (the toilet)
nhấn đè to press (a button, a key)
nhấp nhô heave, sway, go up and down (especially on the water)
nhất ... nhì first (do sth), then (do sth else)
nhất one; (the) first, most
nhất giáp first grade (doctorate)
nhất phẩm highest rank (of mandarins)
nhất thống unify, bring together into one whole (system)
nhất định (1) certainly, definitely
(2) to decide, determine, resolve, fix, set; fixed, set
nhẫn (1) ring (on finger)
(2) to endure, bear
(3) until
nhậm to accept, take (on)
nhậm chức to take (political) office, assume an appointment
nhận to acknowledge, admit, accept, confess, receive, recognize to claim (land)
nhận tội to admit to, confess (to a crime), admit one’s guilt
nhận xét về ai to judge (of) someone
nhận định observation, comment; to judge, evaluate, (make a) comment
nhập bọn to join (a gang, group, band)
nhập cục run (things) together, join, merge
nhập quan lay out, lay (a corpse) in a coffin
nhập tâm know by heart (rote), commit to memory
nhập định go into (be in, be thrown into) ecstasy, (Buddhism) meditating
nhật tụng daily (prayer)
nhắc vở prompt (an actor)
nhắm to aim at, target; to train; to close, shut (one’s eyes)
nhắm nghiền close (one’s eyes) tightly
nhắm nhe aim at several times (before shooting); choose (select) in
nhằm (1) in order to; mistakenly, incorrectly; on (a date)
(2) to fall
nhẵn củ tỏi (of money) all gone
nhặng (1) blue-bottle fly, Calliphoridae
(2) to put on airs, be fussy
nhẹ tình make light of (some) feeling
nhếch open slight, part a corner (of one’s lips, mouth), unround, stretch
nhị giáp second grade (doctorate)
nhịn to endure, go without, suppress, abstain, refrain (from doing something)
nhịp (1) span, bay
(2) rhythm, cadence, (musical) measure, time, span; to drum
nhịp cầu span (of a bridge)
nhịp ngón tay to drum one’s fingers (nervously, anxiously)
nhọ soot; to stain, smear, soil; black (person)
nhọt boil (on skin)
nhỏ (1) small, young
(2) to drop
nhỏ lửa (over) a low fire
nhỏm người lên to sit (oneself) up
nhồi nhét cram, fill (one’s stomach)
nhồi sọ to stuff (someone with something)
nhổ toẹt to spit out (loudly)
nhổ trại strike (break up) camp
nhổ vào mặt ai to spit in (someone’s) face
nhớ nhung have a fond remembrance (of someone, of some place)
nhớ đời remember (something) all one’s life
nhờ (1) thanks to, owing to
(2) to turn over, be dependent on, reply on
(3) to ask (a favor), request, please
nhờ vả to depend on (somebody) for help, resort to
nhỡ (1) of medium size, medium-sized
(2) to miss (train, meal, etc.)
nhỡ thì (of women) too old to get married
nhỡ tàu to miss the boat (literally and figuratively)
nhức đầu to have a sore head, have (a) headache
nhừ be well-cooked, be well-done, feel a pervasive pain (numbness)
những (pluralizer); several, various; to be only; certain number of, some; as much as, as many as
những ai any, those (people) who (do something, are something)
những cảm xúc feelings (about something)
những ngày nào the days (when)
những người chứng kiến cho biết witnesses said or reported (that)
những năm trước đó several years before, prior (to something)
nhựa (1) asphalt
(2) plastic, resin, gum
niền hoop, rim (of a wheel)
no nê full (of food)
no ấm (well) clothed and wed
non (1) slightly less than, just under
(2) young, inexperienced, tender, premature
(3) mountain
nu na leisured, free, children’s game (sit side by side counting their legs); idle about, idle away one’s time
nung to burn, fire, bake (pottery)
nung cho nóng chảy ra to heat (something) to the melting-point
nuôi bộ bottle-feed (a baby), bring up on the bottle
nuôi cấy to grow (bacteria) in a culture medium
nuôi trồng rear (animals) and grow (plants)
nuốt nhục eat (swallow) the leek
nàng ta she (familiar)
nào là such as (used in lists as a kind of verbal comma)
nào đó some (or other)
này here; this, these; (expression) by the way, say
nái sề sow (which has had offspring)
nâng bậc raise (salaries, wages) to a higher scale
nâng giấc take great care of (elderly people)
nâng ly to raise one’s glass (in a toast)
nâng ly lên to raise one’s glass (in a toast)
nã đạn to fire (bullets, shots)
nãy (of moment) just past, just a short time ago
ném vào đầu to throw (something) at someone’s head
ném đá to stone (a person)
nét stroke, line (of pen), line, feature
nét chữ handwriting, stroke (in a Chinese character)
nét mác knife, scimitar, slant stroke to the right (in writing Chinese characters)
nét ngang horizontal stroke (of Chinese character)
nét sổ a hanging stroke (calligraphy)
nêm wedge; to season, flavor (with)
nên (1) ought to, should, had better
(2) candle
(3) so, that’s why, consequently, so, therefore, (4) become
nên nhớ (you) should remember
nên nhớ rằng (you) should remember that
nêu to raise, bring up, set, pose, state, display; (tent) pole
nêu lên to bring up, raise (a question, e.g.); to display, show
nêu ra to bring up (a subject), note, point out
nín khe to suddenly stop (talking)
níp trunk, case (for clothes, books)
nòi race; pedigree(d)
nòng caliber (of a bullet); core, barrel; fit in
nòng cây súng barrel (of a gun)
nóc nhà the top (ridge) of a house roof
nói chữ use highbrow terms (when speaking)
nói dựa (of a fortuneteller) rely on the information given by the client
nói gạt mislead (by lying)
nói gẫu chat (away)
nói kháy pin-prick (with words)
nói khó expatiate (elaborate) on one’s difficulties
nói lót to put in a good word (with influential people, for someone)
nói lẫn talk nonsense (because of old age)
nói miệng pay lip service (to), word of mouth
nói ra to say, tell (aloud)
nói riêng speak (with somebody) in private, have a word in sb’s ear; in particular
nói xa refer indirectly (of something), allude (to something)
nói đúng hơn more precisely (speaking)
nón gõ small bamboo hat (once worn by soldiers)
nón tu lờ bamboo hat worn by Buddhist monks (with a long ribbon and a small knob on top)
nóng hot, burning, anxious (to do something), hot-tempered, quick-tempered
nóng mắt muốn đánh to burn with anger and desire to beat (someone)
nông phu poor peasant (farmer), farmer cultivator
nõ điếu bowl (of pipe)
núng give (lose) ground, become weaker, weaken
nút điện switch (electrical)
năm (1) five
(2) year
năm chục fifty (i.e. five tens)
năm qua last year, past year(s)
năm sau TL (years) A.D.
năm sau tây lịch (years) A.D.
năm trước TL (years) B.C.
năm trước tây lịch (years) B.C.
năm trời years (already)
năm tuổi year (of one’s life)
nơi góc corner (area, place)
nơi nới loosen (a little)
nơm nớp (be) on tenterhooks, (be) in a state of suspense; fearful, nervous
nưa kouniak (kind of araceous plant with edible tuber), big python
nương (1) to handle with care
(2) field, terrace
(3) to rely on
(4) girl, young woman
(5) to lean on, depend on
nương cậy depend on (somebody) for help
nước country, nation, state; water, liquid (for drinking); gum(s) (flesh surrounding teeth)
nước bóng luster (of pearls)
nước chè tea (the beverage)
nước chư hầu satellite (country)
nước kỹ nghệ industrial(ized) country
nước máy running water (from a pipe), tap water
nước mắt tear(drop)
nước sông đã rút xuống the river (water) receded
nước sơn (liquid) paint, coat of paint
nước vàng ichor (discharged from a wound)
nại (1) patient
(2) to call upon
(3) salt-marsh
nại chứng call upon (witness)
nạn cháy fire (as something destructive)
nạn dân victims, casualty (of a calamity)
nạn phá rừng deforestation (as a problem)
nạn say rượu drunkenness (as a problem)
nạo to scrape, grate, clean (out)
nạp to load (a gun); to deliver; to pay, deposit, submit
nấm mồ mound (on a grave), grave
nấn ná linger (on, over), stay too long, procrastinate, put off (departure)
nấu cơm to cook (rice), prepare a meal, do the cooking
nẩy to sprout, bounce (out,up)
nắn lưng check your wallet (for money)
nắng mới sunlight, sunshine (at the beginning of summer and the beginning of spring)
nắng đẹp sunny and beautiful (weather)
nắp phía sau trunk (of a car)
nắp xe hood (of a car)
nằm to lie (down), be located in
nằm dài to stretch out (lying down)
nằm ngủ to lie down (to sleep), lie sleeping, be dormant
nằm sấp to lie on one’s front, lie on one’s stomach, lie prone, lie prostrate, lie face down (wards), be flat on one’s face
nằm trong bộ nhớ to be in memory (computer)
nằm trong số những người chết to be (or lie) among the dead
nằm vùng to stay behind (in enemy territory)
nặc (1) to smell, reek (of)
(2) to hide
nặc danh (of a letter) anonymous
nặng (1) heavy, weighty, serious, ponderous
(2) low-constricted tone
nặng gánh carry a burden (of love, of responsibility, of family)
nặng mặt make (pull, put on, wear) a long face
nếm to taste (food), try (food)
nếp (1) crease, fold
(2) glutinous
nếu lại if (on the other hand)
nề smooth (mortar)-float
nền an ninh quốc gia (foundation of) national security
nền trời the sky (as background) the firmament
nền tảng base, basis, foundation, (computer) platform
nể lòng spare (somebody’s feelings)
nể lời have a high regard for (somebody’s words, recommendations)
nịnh bợ toady (to somebody)
nịnh mặt flatterer (of a looking glass)
nọ that, the other (day); there, over there
nọc rắn (snake) venom
nọng neck (flesh of an animal’s neck)
nối khố very intimate, bosom (friend)
nối lời take over the floor (from someone)
nốt (1) grade, mark, spot
(2) too, also
(3) to finish
nốt tròn (music) full note
nốt đen (music) crotchet
nồm south-easterly (wind)-humid
nồng (of smell, scent) strong, (of feeling) strong, ardent, warm, intense
nồng đượm ardent and deep-felt (of sentiments)
nồng độ concentration, proof (percent alcohol)
nổ mìn set off (explode) a mine
nổ tung (explosive) impact, strike; to blow up
nổi (1) to rise, surface, become; in relief
(2) to be able to
nổi cơn to have a bout (of fever), have an outburst (of passion), have a fit
nổi lửa make (build) a fire
nỗi lòng (one’s own) feelings, sentiments
nội (1) inside, interior, paternal
(2) field, prairie, plain
nội các cabinet (government)
nội dung subject, contents (of a speech, document); platform, purport, context
nội hải the Inland Sea (of Japan)
nội thuộc be under foreign domination, dependent (on)
nội thất inside (a house), indoors, interior
nội tâm (1) inner feelings
(2) endocentric
nội tịch registered (in a town)
nộp (1) to submit, hand over, turn in, deliver, pay (a fine)
(2) see nạp
nộp đơn to hand in a request, give up, hand over, submit an application, register one’s name (for something)
nở (1) to develop, blossom, open up
(2) to hatch
(3) rise, expand
nở mũi be beaming (swollen) with pride
nợ nước duty (obligation toward one’s country)
nứt mắt be too young to (for)
nữ hạnh woman’s (feminine) virtues, feminine qualities
nực mùi smell (of), reek (of)
o (1) to flirt, to make love to
(2) aunt (father's sister), young girl
(3) eagle
o mèo to cajole a girl (or woman), seduce a girl
oang loud and powerful (of voice)
oanh (1) oriole
(2) rumble; explode, blow up
oanh tạc to bomb (from the air); (aerial) bombing, bombardment
oanh tạc cơ bomber (aircraft)
oen phe welfare (social assistance)
oái (exclamation of pain)
oằn tù tì one-two-three (game played by small children)
pa tăng licence (to exercise a trade or profession)
pha (1) to make, prepare, brew (a beverage)
(2) phase (electric)
pha sữa to reconstitute milk (from powder, concentrate)
phanh (1) to open up, dissect
(2) brake
phanh thây to quarter (a criminal)
phao to spread (ideas, news)
phao truyền spread, retail (news, rumors)
phi (1) non-
(2) to fly
(3) Africa
(4) abbreviation of Phi Luật Tân
phi hành đoàn (flight) crew
phim xi nê movie (in a theater)
phiên giao dịch trading session, (stock) market session
phiên hiệu number (of a unit)
phiên xử (legal) hearing, session
phiêu diêu float (in the dreamland)
phiêu lưu to venture, wander (into)
phiếm luận to expatiate (in a humorous way)
phiến slab (of stone, etc.)
phom from (for shoe-making)
phong cầm accordion, organ (musical instrument)
phong hàn indisposition (due to cold, bad weather)
phong phanh thinly and inadequately (dressed)
phong phú hóa to enrich (e.g. uranium)
phong trào (political, social) movement
phong tước confer a title (on somebody)
phong tặng grant (somebody, something, something to somebody)
phong tục custom(s), manners, practice
phong văn get wind (of something)
phun lửa (volcanic) eruption
phun tro ash (volcanic)
phung phá spend extravagantly, squander, throw (money) about
phung phúng puffed (up) cheeks
phà (1) ferry-boat
(2) to reek, to breathe, to exhale
phá cỗ deal out (serve out) a mid-autumn festival cake and fruit
phá hoang to break (claim) virgin land
phá sóng to jam (a radio broadcast, e.g.)
phá sập to pull down (a building), demolish
phá tan to break (silence, peace), destroy
phá thai abortion (of a fetus); to abort (a pregnancy)
phá vây break through (the enemy siege)
phá vỡ to break (up, through), destroy
phá đề begin (essay)
phác thảo một kế hoạch to outline (sketch out) a plan
phách (1) bossy, boastful, haughty
(2) manner, way
(3) upper part of exam paper bearing examinee’s name
phán (1) to order, judge
(2) government clerk
(3) to judge, decide
phán truyền order (said of a superior authority)
pháo đài fort(ress), bunker
pháp (1) law, rule, order
(2) France, French
pháp danh religious name (of a Buddhist monk)
pháp đình court (legal)
phát bóng sent (a ball), serve
phát chán get tired (of), be fed up (with)
phát dẫn (informal) carry out, take out
phát hình to broadcast (television)
phát khiếp be terrified, be frightened or startled (with)
phát khùng lose one’s temper, get angry, get mad (at)
phát mại put up to (for) auction, auction, put on sale (things confiscated
phát nương burn off (to clear land)
phát phiền be vexed or annoyed (by somebody)
phát rẫy clear (mountain area) of trees for cultivation
phát sóng to put (a play) on the air, broadcast, telecast
phát triển to develop, evolve, expand, grow, enrich (uranium); development, evolution, expansion
phát viện court (of law)
phát đi to send (out), transmit
phân anh inch (unit of measure)
phân chương trình subprogram (of computers)
phân khoa faculty, college, school (within university)
phân lũ diverge (deflect) freshets
phân nửa half (part)
phân số (math) fraction
phân tử (math) numerator, molecule
phân vai cast (a play)
phân xã bureau (of a news agency)
phân đội section (army unit)
phân ưu to condole with (someone)
phây phây (1) buxom
(2) carefree, without a care
phèo (1) tasteless
(2) bowels, intestines of animals
(3) to give off, ooze out
(4) fleetingly, quickly
(5) extremely, very
phét (1) to spank
(2) to brag, boast
phê (1) to comment on
(2) to criticize
phình ra to swell (outwards)
phía trái the wrong side (of something)
phía trước front, in front (of)
phía trước mặt in front of (one’s face)
phía đông east(ern) side, direction
phím fret, digital, key (on a keyboard)
phòng (lái) phi thuyền space capsule (part which contains humans)
phòng (1) room, office
(2) to prevent
phòng chiếc single room (i.e. room for one person)
phòng lái cabin (of an aircraft)
phòng trưng bày showroom (e.g. automobile)
phòng đôi double room (i.e. room for two persons)
phó (1) to entrust (2) deputy, vice-, assistant
phó hội trưởng vice president (of society)
phó sứ assistant envoy, deputy resident (under French domination)
phó tiến sĩ master (of sciences)
phó ty deputy chief (of a provincial service)
phóng (1) to enlarge
(2) to release, throw, launch, let fly, fling, fire
phóng lên to launch (into orbit), jump up (into, onto)
phóng sinh to leave uncared for, neglect, set free (animal)
phóng túng free, loose, (running) wild; freedom
phông font; scenery, scene, background (of a painting)
phù hộ độ trì (of god) protect and help
phù thịnh take sides with (support) the influential people
phú cường prosperous, powerful (country)
phú gia rich (wealthy) family
phúc tra verify, check (facts, figures)
phúc âm reply, answer (a letter)
phút sau minute(s) later
phút đồng hồ minute (of time)
phĩnh bụng have a belly swollen (with food)
phơi (1) to display, explain
(2) to dry (in the sun), expose (to the sun)
phơi lưới to hang nets to dry (in the sun)
phương (1) direction, distance, (cardinal) point (of the compass)
(2) method, way, means, facility
(3) perfume, fragrant
(4) square
(5) hindrance, harm
(6) to compare
(7) measure of grain
phương tiện kỹ thuật technology (as a means of doing something)
phương trình (mathematical) equation
phương trượng cell (of a bonze)
phượng (1) see phụng
(2) phoenix
(3) flame tree, royal poinciana
phượu to tell stories; idle (talk)
phạch whack (noise of fans, sails, etc.)
phạm (1) to take
(2) to commit (a crime), offend
phạn chữ Sanskrit (as the language of Buddhism)
phạt vi cảnh fine (somebody) for a common nuisance
phạt vạ to (punish by a) fine
phải (1) correct, right (opposite of left), right (opposite of wrong)
(2) must, have to
phải không (tag question)
phải làm sao must do (something)
phải lại have (suffer) a relapse
phải mặt corresponding (to), conformable (to)
phải đòn get (be given) the cane, be whipped
phản (1) wooden bed, camp bed
(2) to turn back, oppose, be contrary
(3) to counter, betray
phản ứng thụ động passive reaction (to something)
phảng phất (of thoughts, memories) to fleet by, linger; vaguely, seemingly, so to speak, as it were
phất phơ (1) to float, flutter, quiver
(2) loiter about
(3) work half-heartedly
phần chủ đề header (of a letter), subject field
phần hướng dẫn instructions (for doing something)
phần lẻ decimal (fraction)
phần lớn là for the most part (is)
phần mình one’s part, share (of something)
phần nào ~ phần nào partly (to do something), partly (to do something else)
phần nội dung contents (of a letter, message)
phần phò save (food, etc.) for someone
phẩm (1) dye
(2) quality, class; thing, product, good, article
phẩm hạnh (good) conduct, behavior
phẩm đề write down one’s appreciation (of a poem)
phật lăng franc (monetary unit)
phế đế deposed (dethroned) king
phỉ nhổ to spit (at, upon), insult
phỉnh nịnh toady (to somebody)
phối correspond (to with), conform (to), put together; to distribute; to mate, marry
phổ tần frequency (band), spectrum
phới leave quickly (a place)
phụ giáo assistant (in university), instructor
phụ khảo assistant, instructor (in university)
phụ trang supplement (to a newspaper)
phụ trương supplement (to a newspaper)
phụ đề subtitle (in a motion picture)
phụ ơn be ungrateful (to somebody for something)
phục (1) to admire and respect, esteem, submit, yield
(2) clothes
(3) be accustomed to, bear (climate)
(4) again, anew; to repeat, reply, recover, recuperate
(5) to prostrate oneself; to lie in ambush
phục chế restore (a painting)
phục kích to (lay an) ambush
phục linh (botanic) truffle
phục lăn be transported with admiration, take one’s hat off (to somebody)
phục quyền to rehabilitate, restore to a position (of rank, privilege, etc.)
phục thức fashion (in clothing)
phục trang costume (of actors)
phụng (1) male phoenix
(2) to receive (from a superior), serve, obey, honor
phụng dưỡng to support, maintain (one’s parents)
phủ xuống to be down (shades, blinds)
phủ đệ palace (of princes)
phủi ơn disregard the favor (done by somebody)
phức (1) complicated, complex
(2) fragrant, flavored, sweet-smelling
pi gia ma (a pair of) pajamas
péc-lông perlon (similar to nylon in the united states)
píp pipe (for smoking)
qua after, by, through, over; last (week, day, etc.); to pass by, go across, cross over
qua mỏm cape (geographical)
qua thời gian for a long (period of) time
quai nón chin strap (of conical hat)
quan (1) official, officer
(2) franc (unit of currency)
(3) coffin
(4) sense
quan hệ gián tiếp indirect relation(ship)
quan trọng nhất most important(ly)
quan tâm to pay attention, take an interest, concern; interest (in something)
quan điền common (land)
quang quác (of hen, duck) quack
quang đãng clear (weather)
quay (1) to roast (fowl, pig)
(2) to turn (wheel, crank), revolve, go around, swivel, spin
quay chậm slow motion (e.g. in a film)
quay người to turn (oneself) around
quay người lại to turn (oneself) around
quay súng to turn a gun (on sb), twirl a gun (in one’s hand)
quay số điện thoại to dial a (telephone) number
quay tít to turn (rapidly)
que diêm match (stick)
quen biết knowledge, acquaintance; to know, be acquainted with (a person)
quen thuộc familiar, acquainted (with)
qui tắc kỹ thuật protocol (telecom)
quy chụp to accuse, label someone (as something)
quy công attribute a service (to somebody), credit (somebody) with a service
quy kết to accuse, attribute (something to somebody or something)
quy tội attribute a crime (to somebody), throw the blame on
quy ước chuyển siêu tập tin hypertext transfer protocol (http)
quyết thắng set one’s mind on victory (success)
quyết ý set one’s mind on (something), be determined to
quyết đoán appraise (assess) with certainty
quyền (1) acting (president, etc.)
(2) authority, power
(3) right (to do something)
quyền anh (Western-style) boxing
quyền lợi interests; (work) benefits
quyền tự do tín ngưỡng (right to) freedom of religion
quà (1) present, gift
(2) snacks
quàn lie in state (of a corpse)
quá (1) very, extremely; excessive
(2) to go beyond, go past; past
quá trớn to exceed, cross (a limit)
quá vãng (the) past
quách (1) outside wall, outside cover
(2) to act because there is no alternative
quái (1) nothing at all
(2) odd, strange
(3) trigram
(4) to turn around
quát (1) to shout, yell, scold loudly
(2) to contain, include
quân cấp distribute (fields) per capita of population
quân lực armed, military force(s)
quân nhân servicemen (military)
quân quốc militaristic (country)
quân sự military (affairs)
quân tăng cường (military) reinforcements
quân xa (military) train
quân đội nhân dân People’s Army (newspaper)
quây quần to live together, be united, gather (around), meet
quì (1) to kneel down
(2) species of lotus, sunflower
quí (1) valuable, noble, precious, to esteem; valuable
(2) quarter, three months
(3) 10th cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
quý (1) valuable, noble, precious expensive; to esteem, value
(2) quarter, three months
quý danh your (distinguished) name
quý vị you (esteemed person)
quăn to curl (hair)
quả (1) fruit, result, [CL for fruits, mountains, hills, balls]
(2) exactly, honestly; honest, exact, true
(3) betel box, round lacquered box
(4) few, sparse, widowed
(5) courageous
quả dục (have) few desires
quả phúc (Buddhism) happiness
quả quyết determined, resolute; to state (firmly), asset, confirm, determine
quả ổi guava (fruit)
quản bao not to mind, attach no importance (to)
quản giáo educator-warden (in re-education camps)
quản đạo chief of province (in the western plateau)
quảng bá to spread out, broadcast, campaign (for)
quấn to roll, wind up, wrap (up)
quất (1) to whip
(2) kumquet
quần áo may sẵn ready-made clothes (as opposed to tailor made)
quầy tiếp tân reception desk (at a hotel)
quẫy waggle violently, wriggle violently (one’s tail), struggle
quận huyện districts and precincts (in general)
quận hạt administrative district; county (division of a state)
quắc mắt roll one’s eyes (with anger), glare
quế cinnamon (tree, bark)
quỉ (the) devil
quốc gia thành viên member nation (of the UN, e.g.)
quốc hội Nhật Bản National Diet (of Japan)
quốc tế ca internationale (song)
quốc vụ viện council of national affairs, cabinet (in some countries)
quỳ (1) to kneel down
(2) species of lotus, sunflower
quỳnh tương (old) good wine
quỹ fund(s)
ra da scar over (of a wound)
ra dáng to give the appearance (of)
ra lò come out of oven (bake-house, kiln)
ra quân commit (troops) to battle, place (troops) in battle-array
ra tay to begin, start (to do something)
ra về to leave (and go home)
ra đi (1) to depart, start, leave
(2) radium
ram ream (of paper); to fry
rang đầu front page (of a newspaper); homepage (WWW)
rau (leafy) vegetable
rau bẹ laminaria (a king of alga)
rau ghém salad, mixed (raw) vegetable crops
rau mơ sargasso (a kind of alga)
re (1) to gush
(2) to reverse, back out
reo to shout, cheer, ring (phone)
ria (1) edge, border, rim
(2) mustache
riên riel (basic unit of currency)
riêng cho an exclusive (story, picture, etc.)
riêng tôi (I) personally, in my opinion
ro ro purr, hum (of machines)
roi (1) whip, switch, rod, cane
(2) (hill) apple
roi vọt cane, rod (used as an instrument for punishing children); whipping
rom (1) rum
(2) prolapsus of the rectum
rong (1) to wander
(2) alga(e), seaweed
ru to lull, rock (a baby)
ru ngủ to (lull to) sleep
run (1) to shake, tremble, shiver
(2) worm
run lên to (start to) shiver, shake, tremble
rung to shake, ring (a ball)
rung đùi balance one’s legs (while sitting)
ruồng rẫy to mistreat (wife and children)
ruộng nước rice field, paddy (submerged in water)
ruộng đất (cultivated) land, (rice) field
ruột (1) intestine, bowel, stomach
(2) core, blood
(3) blood
ruột thịt blood (relation), family
ruột đất core (of the earth)
rà (1) to check
(2) to grope, thrust oneself
rành to master (a subject), know something well; to be clear
rán (1) to fry
(2) to try, strive, endeavor, make an effort
rã cánh fly one’s wings off (of birds)
rè (of voice, chinaware) cracked
rè rè (of voice) cracked
rèm blind (on a window)
rèm cửa blind (on a window)
rét dài cold in January (of lunar calendar)
rình to spy, lie in ambush, wait, watch (secretly), be on the lookout for
rình rập to guard (secretly)
rình rịch muffled sound (of footsteps)
ríu mắt be very sleepy (with eyelids being too heavy)
rò rỉ to leak (out), disclose; leaky
ròm (1) skinny, thin, lean
(2) (see dòm)
róm (1) caterpillar
(2) mischievous
rót to pour (from a bottle)
rùng mình to shiver, tremble (with fear)
rùng rùng (of crowd) to make noise
rú lên to shout, yell, scream, sound (alarm)
rún rẩy walk with a springy gait (step)
rúp ruble (unit of currency)
rút to draw (gun), pull out, recede (crowd), withdraw
rút đơn kiện to drop a (criminal) charge
răng chó canine (tooth)
răng móc fang (of snake)
rơm rạ straw (in general)
rưỡi half hour (thirty); half
rượu chè alcoholism, drinking (as a problem)
rượu thuốc medicinal wine, mixture (a kind of liquor)
rạch (1) canal, stream
(2) to cut, rip, divide
rạch ròi clear (of speech)
rạng (1) to dawn, become dawn
(2) to straddle, sit astride
rấm vợ choose beforehand a possible match (for one’s son)
rất hân hạnh được to be very pleased (to be able to do sth)
rất lâu for a (very) long time
rầm rộ (to move) noisily
rầy (1) to scold, annoy, bother, pester
(2) cereal pest
(3) rail
rẫy (1) to clear land for cultivation
(2) see rặng
(3) to repudiate, divorce
(4) see rãy
rắn (1) snake
(2) hard, rigid; to harden
rắn nẹp nia copperhead (snake)
rắp mong have the intention (to)
rắp tâm wake up one’s mind, be bent on, intend (to), have the
rằn (1) colorful, gaudy
(2) to fear, dread
rẽ to turn (right or left)
rẽ ngang give up one’s study (in search of a job)
rều drift-wood (on a river in flood)
rễ root (of a tree)
rỉ (1) to rust, rusty
(2) small or gentle repetitions
rỉa lông (of birds) plume
rọi (1) to light, illuminate, shine a light on
(2) to direct, focus, train
rối bù disheveled, ruffed (of hair)
rốt lòng last (child)
rồ (1) mad, crazy
(2) to accelerate, hasten
rỗng ruột empty, hollow, hollow-point (bullet)
rộng roomy, spacious, loose, large; to measure, be (a certain size)
rộng khổ ample width (of cloth)
rớt to fall, drop, crash (of a plane)
rời tay to let go of (somebody, something), part with; to rest
rỡ (1) radiant
(2) to land, unload, discharge
rợp đất cover a large extent of earth (with flags)
rụng to fall (leaves, flower, fruit, hair)
rủ (1) to invite, ask
(2) to hang down, droop
rủi may (by) pure chance
rủi ro accident, incident, failure (of a business); unlucky, unhappy, unfortunate
rửa mặn remove salt from, desalt (rice-fields)
sa lệch six-eight line tune (in traditional operetta)
sa thải to fire, dismiss (from a job)
sai (1) to order, command
(2) wrong, incorrect, off by
sai nha soldiery and clerkdom (in district offices)
san đàn swarm (of bees)
sang (1) luxury
(2) to come or go over, cross to, towards, into, transfer
(3) to sublet
sang trang turn over a page (of history)
sanh (1) see sinh
(2) glazed earthenware
(3) expert
sanh đẻ (child)birth
sao how?, what manner?, why? (is that); to matter
sao Hỏa Mars (planet)
sao chế treat, process (medicinal herbs)
sao vậy why (is that)?
sau dịp after (an event)
sau khi following; after (something happens)
sau lưng behind (one’s back), in the back, in the rear
sau này after this, afterwards, later (on), in the future
sau đây following (this)
say bí tỷ passed out, unconscious (from drinking)
say thuốc high (on drugs)
seo arched quill-feather (of a cock)
si mê crazy, head over heels (in love)
sing trưởng to grow (up)
sinh nở to give birth, have children, deliver (a child)
sinh sống to (be born and) live, make a living, earn for living
sinh viên (university) student
siêu cường superpower (nation)
siêu cường quốc superpower (country)
siêu độ free (souls) from suffering
siết chặt to draw tight, close (ranks)
so dây tune (a strong instrument)
so kè be meanly particular about money, be niggardly (near) about
so với in comparison with, (as) compared with or to, against; to compare with
so với cùng ỳ năm ngoái compared to (the same period) last year
so đo compare the advantages and disadvantages (of something)
soi to look at oneself (e.g. in a mirror)
soi sáng to (bring to) light, illuminate, shed light on, enlighten
song (1) but, however, still, nevertheless
(2) pair, couple; fellow (worker, classmate)
(3) window, bar
soạt sound of tearing (paper, cloth), rustling (of materials)
sui (1) bad luck
(2) allied through marriage
sum họp to unite, come together; together, united (family)
sung chức be appointed to an office (post)
suy gẫm to think over; thought(s), opinion
suy nghĩ thật mau to think (very) fast
suy đi nghĩ lại to go back and forth, turn over (in one’s thoughts)
suốt throughout, for (a length of time); to go through
suốt ngày all day (long), throughout the day
suốt ngày đêm (all) day and night
suốt thời gian throughout (a period of time)
sài kinh convulsion (of children)
sàm nịnh to fawn upon (someone)
sàm sỡ be too familiar, take liberties (with woman)
sàng tuyển sort out (ores)
sành ăn be a connoisseur in (of) food
sách (1) book
(2) list (of names)
(3) to demand, insist
(4) policy
(5) mountain village
sách hữu (legal) petition
sáng (1) shiny, sparkling, bright
(2) (to become) dawn, morning
sáng choang bright (light), dazzling
sáng nghiệp found (a dynasty)
sáng sủa bright (full of light), clear, well-lit, intelligent
sáo (1) magpie
(2) bamboo blinds
(3) stock phrase, cliché
(4) flute
(5) cook meet with bamboo shoots and spices
sáp (1) wax, lipstick
(2) to drink
(3) to transplant (rice)
sáp huyết to smear one’s mouth with blood (as part of an oath)
sát (1) to stay close to; close, tight
(2) to kill
(3) scratched, bruised
(4) to examine
sát hạch to examine, test (students)
sát sườn close to one, directly concerning (affecting) one
sân nhà yard (of a house)
sâu (1) worm
(2) deep, profound
sâu đậm strong; bold (type)
sính lễ wedding presents (from bridegroom to bride)
sòng (1) gambling den
(2) straightforward, unequivocal
sói (1) wolf: (2) bald
(3) chloranth
sô (1) to push, shove
(2) coarse gauze
sôi động (1) eventful, excitement (2) choppy, rough
sông cái river (discharging into the sea)
sùng thần favorite (of a king)
sùng tín believe fervently (piously) in
súc (1) to raise (animals)
(2) bale, bundle
(3) to rinse
(4) to hold, contain, arrest
súc mục breeding, raising, rearing (of cattle); to raise cattle, animals
sún (tooth) decayed
súng cối mortar (weapon)
súng kíp flintlock (rifle)
sút giảm trầm trọng to reduce the severity (of something)
săn bắn to hunt, go hunting (with firearms)
săn trộm to poach (animals)
sĩ diện (professional, academic) pride, face
sĩ quan officer (military)
sơ (1) fiber
(2) to stir
(3) distant, rough, elementary, sketch (a rough draft of), primeval, primitive
(4) sister (religious title)
sơ chế subject (something) to preliminary treatment
sơ di trú và nhập tịch Immigration and Naturalization Service (INS)
sơn (1) mountain
(2) to paint, color, lacquer; paint, lacquer
sư (1) division (military)
(2) monk, priest
sư đoàn division (military unit)
sư đệ teacher and student (relationship)
sưu (1) to look, search for, seek
(2) forced labor, taxes
sạch (1) clean
(2) completely, entirely, everything
sải cánh spread, span (of a bird’s wings)
sải tay arm length, full span (of the arms)
sản phẩm sữa milk product(s)
sản xuất tại chỗ to produce (something) locally
sảnh đường yamen-residence (of mandarins)
sấp to lie down flat (on one’s face)
sấy to dry (hair)
sấy tóc dry one’s hair (with a hair-drier)
sầm (1) dark
(2) to hit, clash, crash
sập (1) carved bed, platform
(2) to slam, bang
(3) to collapse
sập khung to collapse, cave in (building)
sập sìu endless (of rain)
sắc dân da số majority (racial)
sắc phục full dress (of mandarins)
sắp (1) to be about to, going to
(2) to arrange, put in order, set
(3) group, band
sắp xếp to plan, arrange (in some way)
sẵn lòng to be willing (to), glad to, prepared to
sẵn sàng hy sinh ready to sacrifice (oneself)
sặc (1) to choke (on sth)
(2) to reek of, give off a strong smell
sẹ (fish) semen
sẽ (future tense marker), shall, will
sẽ có một ngày a day will come (when)
sẽ tệ hại hơn (something) will get worse, deteriorate
sỉ (1) (at) wholesale
(2) shame
(3) tooth
sịch to stir (move suddenly) to happen suddenly
sọ (1) skull, brain, cranium
(2) to take or mistake one thing for another
số (1) amount, number, figure, quantity, size (of clothing), digit, edition; digital
(2) gear (of a car)
(3) destiny, fate, lot
số nhận diện identification (number)
số ra ngày (date) edition, edition appearing on day ~
số tử vong (the) number of deaths
số vốn capital (money)
số điện thoại miễn phí toll free (telephone) number
số đề last two numbers of the first prize (in the national lottery)
số độc đắc first prize (in a lottery)
sống lậu to live illegally (in a place), be an illegal resident
sốt (1) hot, feverish, impatient, anxious
(2) at all
sốt dẻo fresh from the over; (of news) hot
sốt ruột anxious, eager, dying (to do something), impatient
sổ bộ register (of taxes)
sổ gấu fray (material) at the edges, become unraveled
sổi barren, sterile (of female animals)
sờm sỡ use too familiar a language (with a woman)
sở office, place (of work)
sở di trú immigration (and naturalization) office
sợ đến độ ỉa cả trong quần to be scared shitless, shit in one’s pants (out of fear)
sụn gối tired by walking, bent (with age)
sủi to bubble, froth up, boil (over), break out (of a rash)
sủi tăm bubble, sparkle (of wine)
sứ (1) envoy, ambassador
(2) porcelain, china
sứ tiết (diplomatic) credentials
sức học ability (of a student); educational background
sức người human power(ed)
sức sống strength (of life), vitality
sừng horn (of an animal)
sử học history (as a field of study)
sửa sai to correct a fault, make something right (again), right as wrong
sửng cồ to get angry (in reaction to sth), get mad back at, bristle
sửu second year of the Chinese zodiac (“ox”)
sữa bò (cow’s) milk
sự deed, act, action event, occurrence, (classifier for actions, states)
sự cố fault(y)
sự hiện diện presence (of something, someone)
sự khó khăn difficult(y)
sự say sưa drunkenness, absorption (in something)
sự thật sẽ ra ánh sáng the truth will come out (come to light)
sự tác hại của ma túy the harms (evils) of drugs
sự việc fact (this, referring to an antecedent)
sực (1) to act suddenly
(2) to spread (of smell)
(3) to eat
sực nhớ đến to suddenly remember (sth)
ta we (inclusive), us
ta không nên trông đợi one should not expect (something)
tai biến mạch máu não stroke (brain injury)
tai to mặt lớn VIP (very important person), bigwig, big
tam bảo (Buddhism) three refuges
tam cá nguyệt (academic) quarter
tam cúc on type of playing cards (origin of name unknown)
tam cương the three duties of a man (to king, wife, and son)
tam giáo the three beliefs (Buddhism, Confucianism, Taoism)
tam giới the three worlds (of Buddhism)
tam pháp the three judicial organs (the highest judicial organs in ancient Vietnam)
tam quang the three lights (sun, moon, and stars)
tam quân the three army forces (center, left and right wing)
tam sinh the three incarnations (previous, present, next); sacrifice of three animals (ox, pig, goat)
tam tai the three calamities (fire, water, thieves)
tam thế past, present and future (lives)
tam tạng three baskets (three collections of Buddhist writings), tipitaka
tan như xác pháo smashed like the wrapping of a cracker (exploded)
tan tác scattered, in (utter) disarray
tanh (1) very, absolutely, quite
(2) fish-smell
tao (1) I (arrogant or familiar)
(2) trouble, disorder, (3) elegant
(4) time, round
(5) to chance to meet
(6) dregs in wine vat
tao biết I know (familiar)
tao ngộ to meet, encounter (by chance)
tay (1) hand, sleeve
(2) person, party, group
tay chân (1) follower, hireling
(2) hands and feet
tay khủng bố terrorist (person)
tay phải right arm, right hand, right (hand side)
tay trái left arm, left hand, left (hand side)
tha cho to forgive (sb)
tha hồ to act as one pleases; to be free (to do what one wants)
thai (unborn) baby, child; fetus
than (1) coal, charcoal
(2) to lament, complain, moan; (exclamation)
than ôi (exclamation)
thanh công việc taskbar (Windows)
thanh mẫu initial (in phonetics)
thanh thanh (of water, sound) gently, softly, murmur
thanh toán to clean up, close (account), dispose of, liquidate, murder
thao (1) raw silk, silk tassle
(2) sheath
(3) to hold tight, squeeze, clasp
(4) to exercise, drill
thau (1) to dissolve
(2) brass, (brass) basin
(3) to clean out
thay (interjection) how!; to change, replace, substitute
the (1) silk, gauze
(2) borax
then latch (of a door)
theo gót to imitate, copy, follow (in someone’s footsteps, someone’s example)
theo kiểu kim tự tháp pyramid model (scheme)
theo lượng định của according to (sb’s evaluation)
theo phóng sự according to (news) reports
theo quan niệm according to one’s belief(s)
theo quan niệm ngày nay in the modern sense (of a word)
theo tiêu chuẩn của according to (sb’s) standards
thi hài body (dead), corpse
thi hành to carry out (order, mission), execute; execution, carrying out
thi hội metropolitan examination, second-degree examination (at the capital)
thi ra final examination (for graduation)
thi tốt nghiệp final examination (for graduation)
thiên (1) thousand
(2) partial (to), favorable, pro-(something)
(3) heaven, sky, God, heavenly, divine, celestial
(4) (classifier for articles, novels, chapters)
(5) to move, shift, change
(6) section, part, piece
thiên chúa God (Christian)
thiên lang Sirius (Dog star)
thiên lý (1) thousand mile road, highway
(2) type of vine
thiên nhãn Buddha’s eye, Divine Eye (Cao Dai)
thiên thư the book (orders) of heaven)
thiên thời (1) cholera
(2) weather, climate
thiên tư (innate) gift
thiên vị (1) unjust, biased, partial, unfair
(2) throne
thiên đô to move a capital (city)
thiên đạo (natural) way
thiếp (1) card
(2) concubine
(3) almost unconscious, semi-conscious
thiết bị tự động điều chỉnh kích từ automatic voltage regulator (AVR)
thiếu to be insufficient, lack, owe (sb money for sth); deficit, shortage, deficiency; minus
thiếu bảo second chamberlain (of the king)
thiếu gì (there is) no lack of, sth is not short of
thiếu phó the prince’s tutor, second teacher (a title in feudal dynasty)
thiếu thốn lacking (things), in need, poor; to lack, want
thiếu tá major (military rank)
thiền tông Zen (school of Buddhism)
thiểm chức I (an unworthy official)
thiện chí good will, philanthropic; will (to do something)
thiệp mời invitation (card)
thiệt (1) to lose, suffer loss
(2) tongue
(3) [=thật] true, real
thiệt mạng to die (violently), lose one’s life
thoa to rub (on), appoint
thoi (1) to plunge, fetch
(2) stick
thong thả đã Hold it! (wait?)
thoát y to strip (off one’s clothes), do a striptease
thu (1) autumn
(2) to collect, gather, take in, record
thu hẹp to narrow, close (a gap, distance), restrict, reduce, curtail
thu hồi to recover, recall (a defective product), withdraw, retrieve
thu không curfew bell (announcing the closing of city gates)
thu mua (of state store) buy, purchase
thu tiếng to record (voice, sound)
thua bạc to lose (gambling)
thua kiện to lose (a lawsuit)
thua lỗ to lose, fail (in business); loss
thui (1) to barbecue, burn, singe
(2) very black
(3) aborted
thung (1) expanse of land, stretch of land
(2) Chinese ash tree
thuyên giảm (of illness) to subside, fall, recede, go down, ease up, diminish, lessen, reduce
thuyền rồng imperial boat (to have the form of a dragon)
thuyền trưởng captain, skipper (of a boat)
thuyền đinh flat boat (used particularly in north Vietnam)
thuê bao to subscribe (to a service)
thuốc cigarette, medicine (also as a field of study); product
thuốc bổ (medicinal) tonic
thuốc bột (medicinal) powder
thuốc tễ pills (in Chinese traditional medicine)
thuốc xỉa black powder (for blackening teeth)
thuộc (1) to belong, of, part of, occupation
(2) to know by heart
(3) to tan, cure
thành (1) citadel, fortress, wall
(2) to, into
(3) to succeed
(4) to become
(5) honest, sincere
thành danh to achieve (gain) fame
thành hoàng tutelary god (of a village or region)
thành lập từ năm 1982 since (its establishment in) 1982
thành lập đảng to found a (political) party
thành phần component, constituent, composition, element, segement, (sub)group; exploration
thành quả result(s), fruit
thành sẹo (of wound) cicatrise
thành thục grow familiar (with, experienced, skillful, be well up to)
thành trùng (insect) imago
thày giáo teacher (male)
thày lay (dialect) get mixed up in other people’s business
thách cưới to demand a gift (from a future bridegroom)
thách thức to challenge (someone or something); challenge
thái úy high-ranking mandarin (under feudal regime)
thám sát investigate, look (into), hold an inquiry (into); exploration, reconnaissance
thán khí fire-damp, carbonic acid (gas)
tháo bỏ to take off, remove, untie (and throw away)
tháo gỡ to disarm, defuse (a bomb), untangle, untie, solve
tháp (1) to graft (tree)
(2) tower
tháp tùng to follow, accompany, escort (an official)
thát (1) otter
thân (1) intimate, close, dear
(2) person, body
(3) ninth year of the Chinese zodiac (“monkey”)
thân cây trunk (of a tree), stem (of a plant)
thâu (1) to record (on tape)
(2) see thu
thè to put out, stick out (one’s tongue)
thèm (1) to desire, crave, thirst for
(2) to near, approach
thét (1) to yell, scream, shout, shriek
(2) hard
thêu dệt adorn, embellish (a story etc.)
thì (1) time
(2) then, as for, however, in that case, certainly, for sure
thì là gì then what is (it)
thì phải (tag question expecting a positive answer), perhaps
thì sao what about, how about, then what (will happen)?
thì thôi if that’s the case, then it can’t be helped (there’s nothing one can do)
thìa spoon, spoonful, handle (on a grenade)
thìn fifth year of the Chinese zodiac (“dragon”)
thí bỏ give, bestow, make a donation (to of)
thí sinh applicant, candidate (academic)
thích (1) to like
(2) (surname name taken by Buddhist monks)
thòng thòng to hang (loose)
thó (1) clay
(2) to swipe
thót (1) to jump
(2) to pull in, suck in
(3) club-foot
(4) to rush through (an opening)
thôi bú to wean (from breastfeeding)
thôn (1) village, town, hamlet
(2) to swallow
thông (1) message
(2) pine tree
thông báo lỗi error message (computer)
thông mưu plot, enter into collusion (with)
thông tín bạ (school) report card
thù (1) to resent; hostile
(2) to be special
thù vặt rancorous, spiteful (person)
thùng thình (of clothes) loose, wide, be too large, fit like a barrel
thú (1) animal, quadruped
(2) pleasureable, delightful; pleasure, delight
(3) to confess, admit
(4) garrison force
thúc thủ lost, fall (into), surrender
thăm hỏi to visit, call on (someone)
thăng (1) to promote
(2) to come out of (a trance)
thăng chức to promote somebody (to the post of), grant
thăng hà (of king) die
thơ ấu young (age), tender
thư liệu folder (computer)
thư mục (book) catalog
thư điện tử email (message)
thưa (1) (polite form of address), answer, reply
(2) sparse, thin
thưa bẩm address (a superior) in a respectful way
thưa đốt (of woman who has few children) sparse
thương (1) trade, commerce
(2) to be wounded
(3) to love, be fond of
thước kẹp caliper-square (shoe-marker’s), measure stick
thượng cấp high(er), upper level
thượng huyền first quarter of the moon, wane (of the moon)
thượng lưu upstream; upper, high (society, class)
thượng viện Senate, upper house (legislative)
thượng đẳng top class (rank)
thạc sĩ doctorate, PhD (degree)
thạch agar, Chinese gelatin (isinglass, Japanese gelatin) isinglass
thạo tin (well) informed
thạo việc experienced (in one’s work)
thả to release, set free, let sb out (of a car, etc.)
thả bèo to float water-fern, grow water-fern (on a pond)
thả neo to (weigh) anchor
thảm (1) carpet
(2) tragic, sad
thảo chượng viên (computer) programmer
thảo nào it’s no wonder (that), no wonder, (and) so, that’s why
thảy (1) all, every
(2) to throw (away)
thấm (1) to be sufficient
(2) to penetrate, permeate, absorb, suck, grasp, sink into
thấm thoát to fly, pass (of time)
thấm thía (1) to penetrate, pierce
(2) to suffice, be sufficient, be enough
thấp short (of height), low, poor
thất (1) loss
(2) seven; house, wife
thất hứa to fail to keep (or break) one’s word
thất khiếu seven openings of one’s head (two eyes, two ears, two nostrils and a mouth)
thất lộc lose the favors (of life), die, depart this life
thất thoát loss (financial)
thất tung (of person) be missing
thất đức immoral, (morally) wrong
thất ước to fail (to keep) one’s promise
thấu (1) to pass, penetrate, get through, understand
(2) to mix; to collect, gather
thấu thị (of eye) penetrating
thần (1) god, deity
(2) minister, office
(3) unusual keenness, extraordinary skill
thần kinh nerve(s)
thần phụ (Catholic) priest, (Catholic) father
thần phục to submit (to a conqueror)
thầu (1) contract
(2) to steal
thẩu (1) opium, poppy
(2) jar
thậm chí nhiều hơn (or) even more
thập bội (to increase) tenfold
thập giới the ten commandments (of Christianity)
thập lục sixteen (-stringed instrument)
thập thò hesitating, wavering, undecided (whether to go in or out)
thập điện the ten great halls (Buddhist)
thật true, real, actual, very, (ammunition) live
thật lòng really, truly (feel that)
thật sự (in) truth, (in) reality; real, reality, actual
thật thế it is true (that)
thắc mắc (1) worried, anxious, uneasy, uncomfortable, ill at ease; worry, concern
(2) a question
thắng (1) brake (pedal); to stop, brake, harness
(2) to win, conquer; victory, conquest
thắng tích scenic spot (of historical interest)
thắt buộc tie up, restrict (in) cord, limit (to)
thắt lưng belt (around the waist)
thằng (classifier for young male inferiors)
thằng Mỹ đen black American (guy)
thằng Việt cộng Viet Cong (person)
thằng say rượu drunk (person)
thằng to mồm loudmouth (person)
thẳng thớm (southern dialect) upright
thặng remaider (after division), excess
thẻ sinh viên (university) student ID
thế (1) manner, way, fashion, position, situation, posture
(2) so, thus, like that, such
thế hệ chá mẹ (one’s) parent’s generation
thế hệ đi sau coming generation, future generation(s)
thế lực thù nghịch hostile force(s)
thế ngồi sitting position, posture (while seated)
thế thì thôi if that’s the case, then it can’t be helped (there’s nothing one can do)
thều thào (1) easy-going, lacksidasical
(2) to speak with a weak voice (as one close to death)
thể (1) body, group
(2) ability, capability
(3) card
thể tình understand someone’s situation, feel (for)
thỉnh thị to request instructions (from)
thị (1) market, city
(2) to see
(3) to show, reveal, announce
(4) persimmon-like fruit
thịt (1) meat, flesh
(2) to kill (an animal)
thịt cừu lamb(‘s meat), mutton
thọ chung (of old people) die, pass away
thọc to thrust (something into something)
thỏ thẽ (of words) soft, pleasant
thống chế (field) marshal
thống suất head, be at the head (of)
thống sứ resident superior (in north Vietnam, under French domination)
thống trị to rule (over a nation), dominate; dominant
thốt lên to speak (up), say
thổ (1) land, earth
(2) Turkey, Turkish
(3) to vomit
thổ ty hereditary chief (of tribe)
thổ tả (1) cholera
(2) rickety thing, piece of crap; junky, shoddy
thổi kèn to blow (a musical instrument)
thổi nấu to cook, make (dinner)
thổi vào bờ to blow ashore (a storm, e.g.)
thộp cổ to be seized, grabbed, caught (by the neck)
thời time(s), era
thời báo times (as in New York Times)
thời gian (period of) time
thời gian trễ delay time (of a relay)
thời điểm moment, (point in) time
thời điểm giao hàng delivery date (of goods)
thời đó that, those time(s), at that time
thời ấu thơ (period of one’s) childhood
thời ấy at that time, (back) then
thợ thuyền workers, working class (in general)
thụ phong to be consecrated, be ordained, be initiated (into a group)
thủ cấp head (of decapitated man)
thủy lôi (sea) mine, torpedo
thứ (1) (ordinalizer); order, type, suit, kind
(2) thing, item
thứ mấy what day (of the month)?
thứ rắc rối complication(s)
thứ đạn caliber (of a bullet)
thức (1) manner, form, pattern
(2) to wake, awaken
thức dậy to wake (someone), get up, rise
thừa (1) left over, superfluous, extra
(2) to take advantage of
(3) to inherit
(4) to receive (from above)
(5) to take charge
(6) to help, assist
thừa biết to be well aware (of something, that)
thực to grow, develop, reproduce, colonize; to eat (up)
(2) true, real
thực hiện những mục tiêu to realize (one’s) goals, aims
thực hành to (put into) practice, be practical, affect, carry out, accomplish
thực quyền real, actual power (authority)
thực trạng actual situation (state), reality
ti chức I, me (a mandarin addressing his superior)
ti hí very small, slit (of eyes)
tim (1) heart
(2) to look for, search for, pursue
tin nóng sốt red-hot news (information)
tin tặc hacker (computer)
tinh (1) intelligent, smart, clever
(2) fine, pure
(3) only, nothing but
(4) sign
(5) star
(6) essence
(7) flag
(8) demon, spirit
tinh nhuệ well-trained, elite (troops)
tinh sai (astronomy) aberration
tinh vân nebula (astronomy), nebulosity
tiêm nhiễm to acquire (bad habits)
tiên (1) fairy, spirit, immortal being
(2) first
(3) whip; writing paper
tiên chúa former (deceased, late) king
tiên chỉ first notable (in a village)
tiên sư patron saint of a trade, founder, (mild exclamation)
tiêu (black) pepper; to spend (money)
tiêu chuẩn cao high standard(s)
tiêu phòng peppery chamber (of the queen)
tiêu xài to spend (money)
tiêu xưng testify, bear witness (to)
tiến sĩ doctor (PhD)
tiến đến gần to get close(r)
tiếng (1) language, sound, voice, reputation
(2) hour
tiếng Anh English (language)
tiếng Ba Lan Polish (language)
tiếng Bắc Northern Vietnamese (dialect)
tiếng Cam Bốt Cambodian (language)
tiếng Hoa Chinese (language)
tiếng Hán Chinese (language)
tiếng La tinh Latin (language)
tiếng Nam Southern Vietnamese (dialect)
tiếng Nga Russian (language)
tiếng Nhật Bản Japanese (language)
tiếng Pháp French (language)
tiếng Quảng Đông Cantonese (language)
tiếng Trung Hoa Chinese (language)
tiếng Tàu Chinese (language)
tiếng Việt Vietnamese (language)
tiếng chân (sound of) footsteps
tiếng cười (sound of a) laugh, laughter
tiếng gáy crowing (of a bird)
tiếng huýt gió whistling (sound)
tiếng la hét (sound of) yelling, shout(s)
tiếng nổ sound of an explosion, detonation, shot (from a gun)
tiếng quản đông Cantonese (language)
tiếng súng (sound of a) gunshot
tiếng súng nổ (sound of a) gunshot
tiếng vỗ tay (sound of) applause
tiếng Áo Austrian (language)
tiếng Ăng Lê English (language)
tiếng đàn sound (of a musical instrument)
tiếng Ả Rập Arabic (language)
tiếp (1) to receive
(2) to continue
tiếp kiến to receive (an official, dignitary), accept
tiếp theo continuous, following, subsequent; after(wards)
tiếp âm (radio) relay
tiết to flow (out), leak
tiết lậu divulge, reveal, make public, leak out (secret)
tiết lộ chi tiết to release details (about something)
tiết mao king’s flag (made of feather)
tiềm phục ambuscade, ambush, lay an ambush (for)
tiền bạc để dành savings (money)
tiền bồi thường (monetary) compensation
tiền chùa free money (money that is not one’s own)
tiền căn (Buddhism) ancient root
tiền hồ sơ closing cost (on a house)
tiền kim loại coins (as opposed to paper money)
tiền lời interest (on loans)
tiền mất tật mang to spend money (on a quack doctor)
tiền mặt cash (money)
tiền phố rent (on a house)
tiền sinh previous life (Buddhism)
tiền tệ money, (legal) currency, (legal) tender
tiền tử death benefit (monetary)
tiền vận (Buddhism) past, past life
tiền vệ (sport) half-back
tiền đóng money (for a fee, bill)
tiền đường forecourt (in front of a church)
tiểu (1) small, little, minor
(2) to urinate
tiểu bang state (in a federation, union)
tiểu bá small power (country)
tiểu bá lục địa (small) regional power
tiểu học elementary (education), primary (education)
tiểu kỷ selfishness, egoism, selfish, egoistic (al)
tiễn to see (sb) off
tiễn biệt to see out (off)
tiễu liquidate, abolish, do away (with)
tiệm (1) shop, store
(2) gradual
tiện thiếp your humble servant (a woman speaking to her husband)
to lên large (and high), loud
toa (medical) prescription; (train) car, carriage, railway wagon
toan to attempt, intend, plan, try (to do)
toe toét to show one’s teeth (when grinning, talking, etc.)
tom tom-tom (noise of drum); to collect, gather; to arrest somebody, be in custody, be arrested
tom chát tom-tom (noise of drum)
ton hót to denounce, inform (on, against); to flatter, win over, coax, wheedle, cajole
toàn quyền full power (authority); governor
toàn đảng entire (political) party
toán cảm tử suicide team (of soldiers)
toát ra to come out, pour out (sweat)
toẹt (1) blunt, indiscriminate
(2) sound of loud splashing
tra (1) to consult, look up
(2) to fit in
(3) to add
(4) to apply
trai (1) [=giai] male
(2) to fast
(3) oyster
(4) study room
trang (1) page
(2) decoration
trang bài to shuffle (cards)
trang bìa front page (of a newspaper)
trang trải to pay back, settle (debt)
tranh (1) picture, painting
(2) to compete, contend, dispute
tranh cử to campaign, run for (office)
trao lại to return (something to someone)
tre nứa bamboo (in general)
treo cổ to hang (someone)
treo giò to suspend (a soccer player), ground (a pilot)
tri âm know the voice (of a friend)
triết hoc philosophy (the study)
triều court (royal, imperial)
triều kiến royal audience; to go to (a royal) court
triều đình (royal, imperial) court
triệt hồi dismiss, recall (official)
triệu (1) million
(2) omen
(3) to recall
triệu hồi to recall (an official)
trong during; in(side), among
trong bóng in the shadow(s), in the shade
trong giờ làm việc during work(ing) hours
trong gần 5 năm nay in (during) the last 5 years
trong hai tuần vừa qua over (or during) the last two weeks
trong hoàn cảnh in an atmosphere (of)
trong hàng chục năm qua during the last (few, several) decades
trong không gian in (outer) space
trong kỳ during (a period of time)
trong lòng inside (one’s body, thoughts, feelings), internally
trong một ngày không xa (a day) not long from now
trong nhiều năm qua for many years (in the past), in previous years
trong nhà inside (a house)
trong những khi (during those moments, times) when
trong này here (inside)
trong năm nay (during) this year
trong năm tới (during the) next year
trong suốt đời throughout one’s (entire) life
trong tay in one’s hand(s)
trong tháng này (during) this month
trong thời during (the time of)
trong thời gian tới in the (near) future
trong thời kỳ during (the time of)
trong tuần qua (during) last week
trong tôi in(side) me
trong túi quần in one’s pants pocket(s)
trong việc regarding, in the matter of; in (doing something)
trong vài ngày tới (with)in the next few days
trong vòng within (a period of), for a period of
trong vòng sáu tháng for (a period of) six months
trong vùng in (an area, region)
trui to dip (something hot) into water
trun (1) elastic, flexible
(2) small snake
trung bộ central part (of Vietnam)
trung tu repair (parts of something)
trung tố infix(es)
trung đẳng intermediate (grade)
truy (1) to chase, pursue
(2) to pluck, plow
truy cập (1) to access
(2) website
truy nguyên to trace back to (the source of sth)
truy nã to hunt, track down, look for (criminal)
truy thu to collect (taxes) due in previous year, collect arrears
truy tầm to hunt, search for, look for (criminal)
truyền nhiễm to transmit, communicate (a disease)
truyện (1) story, tale
(2) see chuyện
tràm cajeput (tropical tree)
tràng hạt rosary, (string of) beads
trá (1) false, fake, hidden
(2) to gild, cover with a precious metal
trái [CL for bombs, grenades, fruit]; left (opposite of right); against, contrary to, wrong
trái cây fruit (collectively)
trái phiếu (government) bond
trám to caulk, stop, close, fill (tooth); filling (tooth)
trám răng to fill a (cavity in a) tooth
trám đường kind of olive tree (source of resin for glue)
tráng to rinse; to spread thin (dough, etc.), coat
tráng đinh able-bodied man (liable to be drafted)
tránh hẳn to abstain, refrain (from doing something)
tránh mặt to avoid (someone), stay in the background
tránh xa to stay away (from)
tráo trưng to goggle (at)
tráo trợn to stare (at), goggle (at)
trát (1) warrant, order, summons
(2) to coat, smear
trên bộ on (dry) land
trên mép on the edge (of sth)
trên mặt trân chính trị on the political (battle)front
trên mặt đường on the (surface of the) road
trên sàn nhà on the floor (of a house)
trên sân khấu on (the) stage
trên toàn quốc across the (entire) country or nation, all over the country, nationwide
trên toàn thế giới all around the (entire) world, all over the world
trì (1) to hold, support, persistent
(2) late, slow, tardy
(3) pond
(4) courtyard
(5) to run a race
trì trệ slow (moving), sluggish
trình duyệt (web) browser
trình trọt report (to authorities)
trình tòa to register (model, patent)
trích lời to quote (sb’s words)
trích thuật to quote (someone)
trò (1) student
(2) trick, feat, game
tròn mười một tuổi to turn, become 11 (years old)
tròng (1) noose, lasso
(2) pupil (of the eye)
tròng đen black pupil (of the eye)
tròng đỏ yolk (of an egg)
trót entire, whole; (to do something) by mistake, accidentally
trôi sông drown (as a punishment)
trông giống như to look like (something)
trông gà hóa cuốc to believe or think (that) the moon is
trù (1) to curse
(2) to manage, plan; plan
trùm (1) to cover, wrap
(2) leader, head
trùm sỏ leader (of a gang, group)
trùn (1) earthworm
(2) to back up, pull back
trùng (1) to coincide
(2) worm
trùng cửu double nine ( th day of th) lunar month)
trùng ngũ double five ( th of th lunar month)
trùng thập double ten th day of th lunar month)
trăm hoa đua nở (let) a hundred flowers bloom
trăn trở to toss about (in bed), ponder
trĩ (1) pheasant
(2) infant
(3) hemorrhoid
trơ (1) shameless, brazen-faced
(2) inert
trơ như đá stiff as tone (to be unrepentant, unashamed)
trơn (1) smooth, slippery, fluent
(2) completely; solid, plain (pattern)
trưa noon (time)
trước kia và về sau nay before or after (that)
trước ngày before (the day something happens)
trước đã first, before (anything else)
trường phái movement, genre, period (of art, e.g.), school (of thought)
trường thiên long (story)
trường trai (Buddhism) long fast
trường đua ngựa race track (for horses)
trưởng eldest (son, daughter, child, etc.); head, chief, chairman, leader
trại (1) camp
(2) to mispronounce
trại học tập (re)education camp
trạm mãi lộ tollbooth (on a turnpike)
trạm xá dispensary, infirmary, (local) hospital
trạm ét xăng gas(oline) station
trạm điều khiển phi vụ ground control (station)
trạng nguyên first doctoral candidate (under old system)
trạng thái situation, state, circumstance(s), condition
trạnh (1) large tortoise
(2) to mispronounce
trả (1) to pay, repay, pay back
(2) to return, give back
trả bữa to regain appetite (after an illness)
trả lãi to pay the interest (of )
trả lại cho chủ cũ to return to the original owner(s)
trả thù to take revenge, avenge, make reprisals, retaliate (against)
trả tiền nhậu to pay the tab (for alcohol)
trả vốn to repay (funds, money)
trấn (1) town
(2) master, manage, command
(3) overcome, bar, block up, control, subdue, repress, restrain
(4) market town, curb, region, district
trấn lột (slang) attack and rob somebody of something, mugging
trấn tỉnh to recover (one's wits, composure)
trầm hùng (of songs etc.) strong and moving
trầm trầm deep, low (sounding)
trần (1) to be half naked, drawn (sword)
(2) ceiling
(3) dust; world, life
(4) to be old
(5) to display, expose, explain
trần ai the misery here (Buddhism)
trần bì dried tangerine skin (as a medicine)
trần cảnh this world (Buddhism)
trần lụy bonds of life (Buddhism)
trần mễ old rice (used in medicine)
trần nhà ceiling (of a house)
trầu cau betel and areca (to be considered as betrothal gifts)
trầu thuốc betel used together with tobacco (for water pipe)
trẩy hội to go on (a) pilgrimage
trắng hếu (of skin) be chalky white, very white
trắng ngồn ngộn (of complexion esp. of a woman) white and
trằn trọc to toss, turn (unrest)
trẹo họng crooked throat (injury), lie
trẻ già young and old (alike)
trề purse, pout (one’s lips)
trị bệnh to cure, treat (medically), prescribe (a treatment)
trị số (numeric) value
trọng thương severe(ly)
trọng tâm center (of gravity), central point
trỏ to point (finger), show, indicate
trốn mặt hide, avoid (somebody)
trống (1) empty, vacant
(2) male (bird)
(3) drum
trống bỏi paper tambourine (for children to play)
trổ trời (of child) unbearable
trổi (1) to rise up, soar up
(2) to surpass
(3) to be irregular
trộn lẫn to mingle, mix (up), blend, knead
trớn trác have eyes wide-open (because of anger or agony)
trời biển vast (as the sky and sea), unrealistic, utopian
trời đất heaven and earth; (exclamation)
trời đất thánh thần (exclamation) good heavens
trời ơi (exclamation)
trời ơi đất hỡi (exclamation)
trời ạ (exclamation)
trở lại với returning to (what one was talking about)
trở ra to return (back out of)
trở về ám ảnh to come back to haunt (sb)
trợ từ (linguistics) particle
trợn to glower, open wide (eyes)
trợn trạo have eyes wide-open (in anger or agony)
trợt chân to slip (with one’s foot)
trụ (1) pillar, pier, post
(2) time
(3) keep, guard
(4) offspring
(5) lustful
(6) military helmet
trụ điện gió wind turbine (for generating electricity)
trục (1) axis, shaft, Axis (powers in WWII)
(2) to expel, force out
(3) to hoist, jack up, lift
trục lăn (in) cylinder
trụi (1) bare, stripped, bald
(2) completely, all
trừ bị reserve (army, banking)
trừng trừng (of eyes) wide open; to glare (at), stare
trữ to save, keep, hoard, set aside, store (up)
trực thu (of taxes) direct
tu (1) to drink straight out of a container
(2) to blush, be embarassed
(3) to enter a religion
(4) to repair
(5) beard
tu chí (morally) reform, turn over a new leaf
tu lơ khơ poker (game)
tua rua pleiad (group, of seven stars)
tum nave (of cartwheel)
tun hút very (deep)
tung bay to unfurl (a flag)
tuyên ngôn Quốc Tế Nhân Quyên (U.N.) International Declaration of Human Rights (1945)
tuyên án to announce, declare a verdict, (pronounce a) sentence
tuyến (1) line, lane
(2) gland
tuyến đường (bus) line
tuyển tập selected works, collection (of stories)
tuân theo to obey, follow (rule, policy)
tuân thủ to obey, keep to, abide by, follow (a rule, policy)
tuất eleventh year of the Chinese zodiac (“dog”)
tuần (1) week, 10 days, decade
(2) round, turn around
(3) to visit, guard, patrol
tuần phủ provincial chief (under French colonialist domination)
tuần san weekly (newspaper)
tuần tiết season(s)
tuần đinh (village) guard, (village) watchman
tuệ (1) comet
(2) intelligent, bright, keen
tuệ căn (Buddhism) the root of intelligence
tuệ giác (Buddhism) to be both enlightened and enlightening
tuệ lực (Buddhism) power of intelligence
tuệ nhãn (Buddhism) understanding
tuệ tâm (Buddhism) enlightened soul
tuệ tính (Buddhism) understanding, clear-sightedness
tuốt (1) to pluck off, pull off, draw
(2) all
tuổi còn tuổi còn (still) young, inexperienced
tuổi trung niên middle age (of people)
tuổi trẻ young (person); youth
tuổi tác age (of a person)
tà (1) evil, heretical
(2) inclined, sloping
tà áo flap, hem (of clothing)
tài bồi cultivate, improve (the mind)
tài khóa (1) skill, talent; wealth
(2) fiscal year
tài sản thế chấp collateral (for a loan)
tàn quân remnants of a (defeated) army
tàn tạ to go to seed, wither up (away)
tàn tật (physically) handicapped, crippled, disabled
tàn đời to finish one’s life, live out one’s (last) days
tào (1) dregs, fermented grain mash
(2) office
tàu (1) ship, boat
(2) stable
(3) China, Chinese
(4) (classifier for big leaves)
tàu biển (ocean) ship, sea(going) vessel
tàu chở đầu oil tanker, transport (ship)
tàu thăm dò (space) probe
tác (1) job, task, work
(2) to make, do
tác động to put into operation, act on, influence, (have an) effect; activity, action, effect, impact
tách (1) cup, cupful
(2) to split, divide, separate
tách rời nhau to separate, detach (from one another)
tái bản second (or further) edition; to reprint
tái cấp to renew (scholarship)
tái lại return, go back, recurrence (of disease), recur (of disease)
tái phát to (have a) relapse, recur
tái thẩm (of sentence) review, (of decision) revise, review
tán (1) to flatter, court, flirt
(2) to help, aid, assist
(3) to crush, grind, pulverize
(4) loose, scattered
(5) parasol, umbrella, shade
tán quang diffused (light)
táo (1) jujube
(2) constipated
(3) kitchen god
(4) bold, daring
táp (1) gust of wind
(2) to catch in one’s mouth, snap, lap
tát to slap, hit; to scoop (water), bail out (a boat)
tâm lý học psychology (field of study)
tâm sự confidence, secret; to confide (in)
tâm tính disposition, nature, (personal) character
tân (1) modern, recent, fresh, up-to-date, new
(2) 8th cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
tân học modern (western) education (as opposed to traditional education)
tâng to raise (moral value)
tâng bốc to raise, (over)praise
tâu to report (to the king)
tây thiên (Buddhism) paradise
té to fall (down), tumble, stumble
té ngã to fall (down)
té xỉu to faint (and fall down)
tên (1) name; named
(2) [CL for spies, robbers]
(3) arrow
tìm cơ hội to look for an opportunity (to do something)
tìm nháo cả lên to scurry here and there looking for (someone, something)
tìm nơi ẩn núp to seek cover (from gunshots, etc.)
tìm phương cách to find a way (to do sth)
tìm phương tiện to look for a way (to do something)
tình báo intelligence (information)
tình bè bạn (feeling of) friendship
tình bằng hữu (feeling of) friendship
tình cảnh setting, situation, stage, scene (of a play)
tình thâm affection (between parents and children)
tình trạng situation, state, condition(s)
tình trạng nguy hiểm critical condition (medical)
tình trạng suy thoái (economic) recession
tình tự (of lovers) talk confidentially
tình địch rival (in love)
tí first year of the Chinese zodiac (“rat”)
tí chút (very) little bit
tí nữa in a (short) while, later on, in a moment
tín bạ (school) report card
tín dụng confidence, trust, credit (economic)
tín hữu believer (religious), follower, the faithful
tín ngưỡng (religious) belief, faith
tín nữ devout woman, woman devotee (Buddhism)
tính (1) to intend, contemplate, plan to
(2) to count, calculate, compute
tính theo cây số to calculate by (per) kilometer
tính đố problem (in math)
tòa court, office, (classifier for buildings)
tòa lâu đài (large) house; building
tòa viện trưởng Rectorate (of university)
tòa án court (of law), tribunal
tòm to fall (in water), splash; plop, splash
tòng phạm to submit oneself to; accessory, accomplice (in a crime)
tóc hair (on head)
tóc mây beautiful hair (of woman)
tóc sâu grey hair (on young person)
tóc thề hair that touches one’s shoulders (of young girl)
tóc vàng blond (hair)
tóm thâu to carry off, sweep off, round up (of police); to unite, gather
tô (1) to coat, cover
(2) (large) bowl, (large) bowlful
tôi I (first person singular pronoun)
tôi ngu gì I would have to be stupid to (do sth), I’m not stupid enough to (do sth)
tôi đòi servant (s)
tôn quân monarchist, royalist, monarchist, monarchic(al), royalist
tùng thư collection, series (of books)
tùng đảng to mix (with)
tú tài bachelor (of arts, science, etc.)
túc duyên former fate, ancient cause (Buddhism)
túc khiên sin of a previous existence (Buddhism)
túc trái debts of a previous existence (Buddhism)
túc từ object, complement (grammatical)
túi quần (pants) pocket
túi thơ small pocket (wallet) containing poetical compositions
túi áo pocket (of clothing)
tý first year of the Chinese zodiac (“rat”)
tăm hơi news (about someone)
tăng (1) to increase, raise
(2) tank, (armored vehicle)
(3) Buddhist priest, Buddhist monk
(4) to hate
tăng già (Buddhism) Buddhist monastic community, sangha
tăng giá to go up, increase (in price, value)
tăng ni Buddhist clergy (monks and nuns)
tăng them to increase (further)
tĩnh (1) quiet, calm, tranquil, peaceful
(2) altar
(3) to stop, pacify
tĩnh mạch vein, vena (as opposed to artery)
tơ (1) silk, fine thread
(2) young, tender
tơ đồng (in literature) the sound of musical instrument
tư (1) four (in compound numbers)
(2) private, personal
(3) capital
tư bản capital (money); capitalist
tưa (pathology) thrush
tươi mát fresh, (slang) sex
tương quan (inter)relationship, connection; to interrelate, correlate
tương thích compatible (with)
tương tàn to destroy, kill, slaughter (one another)
tương đương equivalent, equal, correspondent; equivalent (thing)
tương đối hóa relativization, make something relative (to something else)
tước (1) title (of nobility)
(2) to strip, remove
tưới to water (plant), irrigate (plants)
tưới bón to fertilize (plants)
tướng (1) (military) general
(2) huge, enormous
(3) appearance
tường (1) to know well
(2) wall
tường trình to report (clearly)
tưởng to believe, imagine, think (incorrectly); huge, enormous
tưởng cần nhắc lại it should or must be repeated (that)
tạ (1) dumbbell, weight
(2) to thank, show thanks for
tạ ơn Chúa Thank God (exclamation)
tạc to carve, engrave on (upon), cherish
tại at, in; because (of)
tại bờ biển on the (sea) coast
tại sao how?, what manner?, why? (is that)
tại vì as, for, because (of)
tạnh to stop (raining)
tạp ký written observation or remark (in newspaper)
tạt to dash, splash (into), lash against
tả cảnh to describe; description (landscape or scene)
tả phái (political) left, leftist
tả phù hữu bật have large entourage, have many assistants (left and right)
tải xuống to download (computer)
tản (1) umbrella
(2) to scatter, disperse, dispel; scattered, distributed, diffused
tảng (1) to pretend, fake
(2) [CL for big stones, heavy objects], slab, block
tảng đá (large) stone
tảo (1) to manage to get, dig up
(2) early
(3) sweep
(4) jujube
(5) seaweed, algae
tấm thẻ bài dog tag (military identification)
tấn (1) metric ton
(2) see tiến
(3) standing position (in kung fu)
(4) play
tấn công vào lãnh thổ Việt Nam an attack on (the territory of) Vietnam
tất certainly, sure(ly)
tất cả những cái all (the)
tất phải it is necessary (to)
tầm âm (music) diapason
tần suất rate (of occurrence)
tầng story, floor layer, stratum, stage (of a rocket)
tầng lớp level, class (in society), section, segment
tầng thứ nhất first stage (of a rocket)
tầng đối lưu troposphere (meteor)
tẩu (1) opium pipe
(2) sister in law (one’s elder brother’s wife)
(3) to run away, escape, flee
tận dụng to make use of, use (up)
tập (1) to practice, drill, edit
(2) ream of paper, volume (of prose)
tập quyền to centralize (administrative powers)
tập sách (1) practice, drill book, workbook, textbook
(2) series of books
tập thể dục to exercise (physical)
tập trung to concentrate, centralize, gather, focus, mass (up); concentration
tập tọng practice doing sth (without experience)
tập ấm inherit a title of one’s father (under feudal regime)
tật infirmity, disease, illness, (bad) habit, vice
tắc âm stop (phonetic)
tắm rửa to wash (up), bathe
tắt (1) to be shortened, abbreviated
(2) to turn off, extinguish, switch off, turn off
(3) to die out, be extinct
tắt kinh to stop (cease menses)
tắt máy xe to turn off the engine (of a car)
tặc (1) rebel
(2) ill intention
tế to help, assist; to run (ride at full gallop); to sacrifice, worship
tế bào cell (biology)
tế nhuyễn clothing and jewels (of a woman)
tế thần to make a gift, sacrifice (to a deity)
tế tửu offer wine (ancient official title)
tết ta new year festival (lunar calendar)
tết tây new year festival (solar calendar), western new year
tề gia nội trợ run a household (effectively)
tệ hơn (what’s) even worse (is that)
tỉ (1) billion
(2) seal, stamp
(3) to compare
tỉnh (1) province, prefecture; city
(2) to wake up, awaken, recover consciousness
tị (1) jealous
(2) tiny bit; small, tiny, little
(3) sixth year of the Chinese zodiac (“snake”)
tịch diệt (Buddhism) die away in stillness
tịnh giới (Buddhism) pure sojourn
tịnh độ (Buddhism) pure land
tỏi gà chicken’s leg (already cut out)
tố giác to denounce, inform (on someone), accuse someone of something
tốc speed; to turn up (over), blow up
tốc độ dữ liệu data (transmission) rate
tối (1) night, evening, dark
(2) very
tối huệ (most) favored
tống khứ to get rid of, dispose of (somebody or something)
tống đạt to notify, make known, transmit, convey, send on, deliver, serve (legal papers)
tốt với to be good (to sb)
tồn khoản (bank) deposit
tổ (1) nest
(2) only
(3) group, team
tổ chức phi chính phủ non-governmental organization (NGO), private organization
tổ quốc Việt Vietnam (the country)
tổn (1) to damage, harm
(2) expensive, costly
tổng binh division (al) commander
tổng bãi thị general strike (among market merchants)
tổng kho (base) depot
tổng số total (value), entire
tội cố sát (crime of) murder
tội danh (criminal) charge, count
tội giết người (the crime of) murder
tột (1) peak, top, summit, highest point
(2) (classifier for papers, magazines)
tớ (1) I
tới cái gì nữa what else, to what (further) extent, how much more
tới trước forward (direction)
tớn to curl up (one’s lips)
tờ (work)sheet, piece of, sheet of
tờ giấy sheet, piece (of paper)
tờ đơn application (form)
tục biên continuation (of a novel etc.)
tụi Mỹ Americans (as a group)
tụi em they (group of younger people)
tụi mày you guys, y’all (familiar plural)
tụi nó they (derrogatory), that group
tụi tao we (familiar), us guys
tủi hổ be ashamed (of)
tứ (1) four
(2) idea, though (in literature)
tứ bảo the four precious writing materials (brush, ink, paper, slab)
tứ bề (all, the) four sides, everywhere, every direction
tứ khổ the four sufferances (birth, old age, disease, death)
tứ phương four directions, (in) all directions
tứ thư four books (ancient Chinese works)
tứ túc mai hoa (of dog) white spots on the four paws
tức angry, irritated; oppressed; or (also called); therefore
từ bao hàng ngàn năm qua for thousands of years (ago)
từ chức to resign (from office), step down
từ hồi since (time)
từ hồi nhỏ tới giờ since childhood (until now)
từ lúc from the moment, since (the time when)
từ lúc nhỏ đến giờ since one was a child (until now)
từ nay from now (on)
từ nhiều năm for many years (thereafter)
từ phía sau lưng from behind (one’s back)
từ sau since (then)
từ thời from the time (period)
từ trước khi (since) before
từ xưa đến nay for a long time (before now)
từc là that is (to say), therefore; to equal, be
từng (1) (present perfect marker)
(2) each, one by one, every
(3) layer, level, step
(4) to experience
(5) by, for
(6) [CL counter for units of floors of stories], layer, story (of a building)
từng người một one by one (individual)
tử tô melissa, sage (herb)
tự (1) Chinese character
(2) Buddhist temple, pagoda
(3) from, since
(4) oneself, on one’s own, self-
(5) otherwise known as, alias
tự dó hóa to liberalize, free (up)
tự ghép autoplasty (method)
tự lấy biệt hiệu to adopt, take on a name (for oneself)
tự quân king (hereditary)
tự vệ (self-)defense; to defend oneself
tự xưng to assume, proclaim oneself, pretend (to be someone)
tựa (1) preface, forward, title, headline
(2) like, similar
tựa đề title, heading; to write (preface, forward)
tỵ sixth year of the Chinese zodiac (“snake”)
tỷ dụ (for) example
u (1) to swell (part of the body), swollen
(2) (wet) nurse
(3) dark
(4) quiet, secluded
u già old (female) servant
u hồn soul (of the dead), ghost, spirit
u linh soul (of a deceased person)
um thick (smoke), vehement
um tùm luxuriant, thick, dense (vegetation)
ung (1) cancer, ulcer, boil
(2) rotten (egg)
(3) meek
uy vũ force, violence, (military) power
uyên (1) deep pool
(2) (Mandarin) duck
uyên bác profound, deep (learning)
uyên thâm profound (learning)
uyên thân profound (learning)
uyên thúy profound (learning)
uyển (1) flexible
(2) garden
uất ức (righteously) indignant
uế nang one’s body (Buddhism)
uốn to bend, curve, curl; perm (hair)
uốn nắn to shape, strengthen, mold (character)
uốn tóc perm, permanent wave (for hair); to curl or perm one’s hair
uống to drink, take (medicine)
uống cho to drink to (sth), toast
uống từng ngụm nước chè một to drink tea in mouthfuls (gulps)
va quệt to knock against, strike (against)
vai (1) shoulder
(2) rank, status, role
vang bóng (echo and) shadow
vang lên to echo, ring out (sound)
vay lãi to borrow (money) on interest
ve tick scar (on the eyelid) phial, vial laped, revers
vet gái to flirt (with a female)
vi (1) to surround
(2) to act as
(3) small, subtle, delicate, tiny, micro
(4) to disobey
(5) (shark’s) fin
vi phạm quyền lợi to violate someone’s right (to something)
vi vu (of wind) hissing, hiss, whistling, whistle
vin rely upon, pull down (a tree branch) lop off (a branch) depend on (argument)
vinh quy (of successful examinee) return to one’s village
viên (1) [CL for for officials, officers]
(2) [CL for round objects, bullets]
(3) member
viễn phố (poetical) far-away shore
việc chinh phục victory, conquest (over, of something)
việc học (the) study (of something)
việc này this (thing, event, etc.)
việc quan trọng important (thing, issue, etc.)
viện chứng to give reason (for), justify
viện các lý do to bring up reasons (why)
viện dân biểu lower house, house of commons (in uk), house of
viện quý tộc upper house, senate (us), house of lords (uk)
viện to invoke, bring up (a reason)
viện trưởng rector (of university)
vong (1) to be lost, die, flee
(2) to forget
vong linh soul (of the departed)
vong quốc lose one’s country (to invaders)
vu quy to go (of a bride to her husband’s house)
vun bón to fertilize (earth)
vun vào to speak in favor (of)
vung (1) cover, lid
(2) to flourish, brandish
(3) to fling, throw out
vung vãi to strew (around)
vuông square (area)
vuốt (1) to smooth, stroke
(2) claw
vuốt giận to reconcile, make up (after an argument, e.g.)
vài chục ngàn (several) tens of thousands
vàm rivulet mouth (into a river)
vành bánh xe rim (of a wheel), wheel rim
vành móng ngựa bar (of courts of judicature, public assemblies etc.)
vành trăng the (full) moon
vào at, on (date), in, to; to enter, go in, access
vào cuối at the end of (a period of time)
vào giữ between (X và Y)
vào giữa năm in the middle of (year)
vào hạng thứ in ~ place (in a competition, ordering)
vào hạng thứ mấy in what place (in a competition, ordering)
vào kỳ during (a period, era, time)
vào ngày hôm kia (on) the day before yesterday
vào năm 1970 in (the year) 1970
vào năm tới (during) next year
vào thời điểm at (a certain time)
vào thời điểm này at this (point in) time
vào đây to come (in) here
vào đầu at the beginning of (a period of time)
vá chín hot patching (of tires)
vá sống cold patching (tires)
vác to carry (in arms, on shoulder), bear
ván (1) plank, board, wooden bed, coffin
(2) [CL for chess or card games]
(3) 20-cent coin
váy (1) skirt
(2) to pick
vâng to obey, yes (you are right)
vây quanh to surround; around, about, surrounding (something)
vãi cứt (indecent) shit oneself involuntarily
vãn duyên love (or friendship) late in life, late encounter (in love)
vãn sinh i (your student), a lateborn
vét (1) to clean out, dredge, scrape
(2) jacket, sports coat, suit coat
vê to roll (into a small ball)
vì lý do gì khiến this has caused (something to happen)
vì lý do hạnh kiểm for (bad, poor) conduct
vì sao how?, what manner?, why? (is that), for what reason?
vò (1) jar, [CL for jarfulls]
(2) to rumple, crumble, crush, rub, scratch
(3) tangled silk thread
vòi (1) faucet, tap
(2) spout
(3) feeler (insect)
(4) trunk (elephant)
vòng chiến (boxing) ring, battlefield
vòng eo waist(line)
vòng mép punishment inflicted upon he pupils (in the old days) (draw a
vô (1) in-, im-, (negative prefix)
(2) in, at, on
(3) to go into, enter [= vào]
vô can not to be involved (in something)
vô cơ inorganic (chemistry)
vô ngã (Buddhism) non-ego
vô tuyến truyền hình television (set)
vô định infinite, unidentified, undetermined, unspecified; (math) variable
võ công military exploit, feat (of arms)
vùa (informal) aid, help, assist
vùng (1) region, area
(2) to leave in a hurry
vùng Vịnh (San Francisco) Bay area
vút (1) claw, talon
(2) very tall
văn bút (written) literature
văn bằng (1) degree, diploma, qualification
(2) evidence, proof
văn hóa chữ Hán the Chinese character culture (countries which use(d) Chinese characters)
văn uyển literary supplement (in magazine, newspaper)
vĩ tuyến (line of) latitude, parallel
vũ nữ (female) dancer
vũ sĩ warrior (person)
vũ trang armed (forces); to arm, armed (weapons); arm, weapon
vươn mình to rise (into a position)
vương (1) king
(2) entangled, seized by
vương bá powerful sovereign (monarch), emperor, king, ruler
vương vít be involved, tangled (in)
vườn ruộng gardens and (rice) fields
vườn ương cây nursery (for trees)
vượt quá to exceed, cross, go past, overcome, surmount, surpass; to pass (car)
vạc (1) range, boiler, urn, cauldron
(2) bittern
(3) to whittle, cut
vạc mặt to break the face (of)
vạn bảo (municipal) pawnshop
vạn giáo nhất lý all religions are one (Cao Dai)
vạn thọ vô cương (wishing you, him) endless life
vả (1) moreover, in addition
(2) to slap
vải bông cotton (cloth)
vải hoa print (on cloth)
vải sô coarse homespun fabric (used in mourning)
vảy mại cataract, film speck (in the eye)
vấn tội interrogate question (a criminal)
vấn đề liên quan tới issue relating to (something)
vấp to trip, stumble to flounder, make (mistakes)
vất sang to throw (towards)
vần xoay (of events) turn
vần xuôi same rhyme (both even tones or both uneven tones)
vầng hồng disc of sun, the sun (in poem)
vầy (1) thus, like that, so
(2) united
(3) to act reluctantly
vẩn (of liquid) to be turbid, cloudy, muddy, (of sky) murky, overcast
vẩu (of teeth) to project outwards; buck-toothed
vẫn chưa still (does not)
vậ tốc speed (of winds)
vận văn verse, line (of poetry), poetry
vật (1) thing, object, creature, being; matter, body
(2) to slam (wrestling), wrestle, toss
(3) do not ~!
vật dụng materials (used in something)
vật giá cost, price (of goods)
vật liệu material(s)
vật tư material(s)
vật tải cơ transport (plane)
vật tự nó (term in philosophy) thing-in-itself
vật vã to throw oneself on the ground, writhe in bed (with pain, sorrow)
vậy cũng được (if that’s the case), that’ll be O.K.
vắng bóng to be gone, absent, without (someone)
vắng bặt be absent (without having any news)
vắng người empty (of people)
vắng tin not to receive any news (from) not to hear (from)
vắng tiếng not to receive any news (from)
vằng vặc (of moonlight) clear, bright
vặn to screw, turn (on), twist, wind, switch on
vặn chìa khóa to turn a key (in a lock)
vặn lớn to turn up (volume)
vặn nhỏ nhạc to turn down (the) music
vẻn vẹn only, just (a certain number)
vết bỏng burn(s)
về (1) about, concerning, regarding
(2) in, towards
(3) to come back, return, go
về nước to go home (to one’s own country)
về quê to go to the country(side); to return home (to one’s homeland)
vệ (1) edge, side (of a road, etc.)
(2) to protect
(3) group of 500 soldiers
vệ binh bodyguard, guard(sman)
vệ tinh nhân tạo (man-made, artificial) satellite
vệ úy army officer, commander of a vệ (group of 500 men)
vị (1) [CL for people], polite term for a person
(2) taste, flavor
vị biến unchanged, infinitive (of a verb)
vị thành niên minor (person), juvenile
vị tư lệnh commander (military)
vị tương phase (electric)
vọng (1) hope
(2) to echo, resound
vọt (1) rod, switch
(2) to gush forth, squirt out, soar, leap forward, spurt out
vỏ bào shaving, chip (of wood)
vỏ cây bark (of a tree)
vỏ sò (oyster) shell
vỏ xe tire (of a car)
vỏ đất crust (of a planet)
vốn (1) capital, funds, principle
(2) original, originally
(3) who (as a relative pronoun)
vồ ếch to fall (down)
vội vã hastily, hurriedly, (in a) hurry; to rush, hasten
vớ (1) to seize, snatch, grab
(2) sock
với with, and; to join (someone), reach for (something)
vở (1) notebook, exercise book
(2) [CL for plays]
vỡ lòng primary, ABC; to learn (as a child)
vỡ mặt (exclamation) shot down, rejected, disappointed
vỡ tổ (of a bird’s nest) break
vỡ đê to break (a dike, e.g.)
vợt (1) switch, rod, cane
(2) to gush, pour, leap (out); to pick up to save to pass
vụ [CL for accidents, disasters]; business, duty, affair; case (of)
vụ giết người (case of) murder
vụ hiếp dâm (case of) rape
vụ hành quyết execution (of a person)
vụ này this (refers to antecedent)
vụ phá hoại (act of) sabotage
vụ phạm pháp (a) crime
vụ rớt crash (plane)
vụ thử (1) a test, trial
(2) to be on the verge of, about to
vụ thử bom nguyên tử an atomic (bomb) test
vụ truy tầm the hunt, search for (criminal)
vụn vặt detail(ed), petty, trifling
vụng (1) on the sly, secretly
(2) unskilled, clumsy, awkward
(3) bay
vứt to throw (away), cast, discard
vừa (1) to have just done something
(3) reasonable, right, suitable, fitting; to fit (clothes)
vừa mới recently, just (happened)
vừa đủ just enough (to do something)
vững bụng confident, sure (of oneself), easy
vựng (1) dizzy
(2) to compile
xa far (away), distant, remote
xe cứu thương ambulance (vehicle)
xe đạp đua racing (bi)cycle
xem mạch to feel the pulse (of a patient)
xem mặt to see a prospective bride (or a prospective groom) before
xin bấm chuông please ring (the bell or buzzer)
xin hãy please (do something)
xin lưu ý một điều please note (one thing)
xin nhập học to ask, apply for admission (to a school)
xin vui lòng please (on signs, e.g.)
xin được phép to ask permission, leave (to do something)
xin đề to inscribe, write, make out to (check)
xiết chặt to grab, draw tight, close (ranks)
xoa bóp to (give a) massage
xoay người lại to turn (one’s body) around
xoay người ra sau to turn (oneself) around backwards, turn (oneself) facing backwards
xoác (with) one’s arm round somebody’s waist
xoáy (1) to turn around, whirl around, change direction, be resourceful, manage to get
(2) to swipe
xoẹt (of knife, clap of thunder) cut fast, fast
xui (1) misfortunate, unlucky, unfortunate
(2) to excite, urge
xung (1) to rush, dash; angry, furious, aggressive, impulsive
(2) to rise
xung phong vanguard, assault; volunteer (solider)
xung đột nội tâm internal (emotional, psychological) conflict
xuân spring (season)
xuân huyên (in literature) father and mother
xuân đường (in literature) father
xuôi (1) down, downstream
(2) favorable, easy
xuất gia to leave one’s home (to become a Buddhist monk or nun)
xuất vốn to invest (in something), provide funds
xuống to go down, come down, get out (of a car, vehicle)
xuống tóc (Buddhism) to shave one’s head
xuống đất (down) to the ground
xuổng (1) spade
(2) see thuổng
xà (1) snake, (2) beam, bar, girder
xà nhà beam (of a house)
xà xẻo worm out, extract (money), rake off, cheat cut, squeeze
xài to use; to spend (money)
xào to (stir) fry
xào nấu cook (food)
xá my (younger relative); house, dwelling, forgive, pardon; to salute, bow profoundly
xác người (human) corpse, dead body
xác nhận to affirm, confirm, confess (to), determine
xái dottle (in a pipe)
xâm (1) to invade, usurp
(2) dizzy, giddy
xâm phạm lãnh thỗ to violate (sb’s) territory
xâu chuỗi to get in touch (with, poor peasants in agrarian reform)
xâu tai pierce the ears (for wearing earrings)
xây bàn table tipping (Cao Dai)
xây dựng to build (up), construct; constructive
xây đắp to build (up)
xém chút nữa to barely avoid (sth)
xét tội to judge (guilt or innocence)
xét xử to judge, try (in court)
xê xế (of sun, moon) be sinking, waning, on the wane
xích (1) chain
(2) to approach, move nearer
xóc cái dealer, bank (in gambling), be the banker (in game)
xót ruột to suffer (because of loss, waste)
xô to rush, pour out (people), push, jostle, dash
xô xát fight (with)
xông to rush; to waft, move past (of a smell), emit, give off a smell
xông lên to rise up (smell)
xù xì rough, coarse (surfaced)
xùm xụp sink, go deep or far down (of hat, turban)
xùng xình unkempt, sloppy (clothes)
xúc cá to catch fish (by scooping them up)
xúc động emotion, feeling; to be moved, touched (emotionally)
xúm to gather (around), crowd together, cluster
xúng xính (of clothes) ample, large, spacious, ostentatious, pompous
xơi to eat (polite verb used of other people); long time; to dig
xưng hô to address (a person), call
xương cốt bone(s), skeleton
xương sườn rib (bone)
xương và máu bones and flesh, (fig.) sacrifice
xước măng rô agnail (sore finger)
xướng (1) singer
(2) to take the initiative, make the first move, originate
xướng kỹ (female) singer
xướng tùy subjection, servitude, a wife’s duty (under feudal regime)
xưởng chế tạo vũ khí weapons (manufacturing) plant
xạ to shoot (arrows)
xả (1) to wash, rinse
(2) to sacrifice, let go
(3) lemon grass
xấp pile (of paper, documents)
xấu tính evil (minded)
xẹp xuống to go down, subside (swelling, etc.)
xẹt (1) to become flat, be flattened
(2) to whiz past
xẻ to saw, split (up), cut
xếp (1) to order, arrange, put in order, pile, fold
(2) master, boss
xếp theo bộ to arrange by radical or number of strokes (Chinese characters)
xệu xạo mumble (of toothless old man)
xị (of face) swollen
xỏ to thread (a needle); to slip
xỏ tai pierce the ears (for earrings)
xốc tới dart, pounce (upon), assault, assail, attack suddenly
xồ to rush (to)
xộ khám to be in jail (slang)
xứng vai equal (to)
xử lý to dispose, treat, settle; to charge (with a crime)
xử trắng án to acquit someone (of a crime)
xửng (1) very light
(2) food steamer
y (1) beautiful, precious
(2) he, him
(3) medicine, medical doctor
(4) identical, same
y học medicine (as a field of study)
y phương remedy (in a pharmacopoeia)
y sĩ (medical) doctor, physician
y thường clothes, clothing (of fairies)
y vụ technical bureau (in a hospital)
yên (1) calm, peaceful, quiet, safe
(2) saddle, bicycle seat
yêu chiều to love (and treat kindly)
yêu đương love (between boys and girls)
yếm thế (1) to die
(2) to distrust or hate people, mankind, humanity, be pessimistic
yết bảng to display notice or placard (giving names of successful candidates)
Á Đông (east) Asia; (east) Asian
à (1) (indicates surprise, sympathy)
(2) (sentence starting particle), oh, by the way
(3) to rush, flood
àng trăm (many) hundreds
ào (1) to rush, flock, gather
(2) impetuous
á (1) (interjection expressing pain or surprise)
(2) Asia, Asian, Asiatic
(3) Ethiopia
(4) dumb, unable to speak
(5) inferior, second(ary), second-level, sub-
á hậu runner up, second-best (in a beauty contest)
á khôi second place (examination, contest)
á nguyên second place, second best (examination)
ác (1) brutal, cruel, wicked, evil, severe, fierce
(2) crow, raven
(3) sun
(4) great, terrific, wicked
ác mó (1) parrot
(2) cruel person
ác thú (wild) beast, creature, animal
ác tính bad or eveil character; cruelty, brutality; malignant (or cancerous)
ách (1) yoke (literally and figuratively)
(2) very full (of something), bloated
(3) adjutant
(4) to come to a standstill, stop (completely)
(5) calamity, disaster
(6) ace
ái (1) to love
(2) (interjection indicating pain or surprise), ouch! ow!
ái chà (interjection indicating surprise)
ái dà (interjection indicating surprise)
ái ngại (1) to feel sorry, show concern for; compassion
(2) worried, uneasy; to fear, be afraid
ám (1) to bother, annoy, pester, worry
(2) to blacken, darken, stain; dark, obscure
(3) rice and boiled fish, thick fish soup
(4) to possess, obsess
ám tiêu reef (of rocks)
án (1) sentence, judgment, verdict
(2) altar; tall, high desk or table
(3) to examine
(4) to block, obstruct, barricade
(5) case (legal)
(6) to station, locate, position (troops)
án ngũ to block (a passage), obstruct entrance into; cloud, dazzle
án phí legal fee(s), legal expenses
án tiết details of a (legal) case
án từ to file (a lawsuit)
áng (1) to estimate
(2) literary work, oeuvre, work of beauty
(3) group, cluster
ánh (1) light, glare, shine, luster, glisten, glitter, sparkle; ray, beam, shaft (of light)
(2) clove
(3) sparkling, glistening
ánh kim luster (of a metal)
áo (1) Austria, Austrian, Austrio-
(2) shirt, jacket, coat, tunic, gown, dress, garment worn on upper body, case, wrapping, crust, coat
áo bông quilted robe, (cotton-padded) jacket
áo cộc (short) shirt, blouse
áo dấu uniform (military)
áo giáp (suit of) armor
áo lá (1) palm leaf raincoat
(2) undervest
áo mão (academic) cap and gown
áo rét winter garment (coat, jacket, etc.)
áo sơ mi shirt (Western-style)
áo thụng (long-sleeved) ceremonial gown
áp (1) to press (up to, against), place against, approach, get close
(2) to detain
(3) to pawn
áp ga ni afghani (currency unit in Afghanistan)
áp giải to bring, lead, escort (prisoner)
áp thấp (atmospheric) depression, low pressure
áp tải to escort (vehicles); convoy
át (1) to drown out, silence, stifle
(2) ace
âm (1) sound
(2) lunar
(3) Yin, female, negative, minus
(4) reading (of a Chinese character)
âm Nhật Japanese reading (of a Chinese character), kun-yomi
âm Việt Vietnamese reading (of a Chinese character)
âm bản (photographic) negative
âm bật hơi plosive (consonant), aspirate, explosive
âm giai (musical) scale
âm hiệu note (music)
âm hồn soul (of the deceased)
âm khí (1) hearing aid
(2) negative element
âm phẩm acoustics (of a space)
âm tính acoustics (of a place); negative
âm tạp (music) cacophony
âm âm (of weather) mild
âm độ pitch (of a sound)
âm ấm gentle, (luke)warm
ân chiếu king’s decree (edict)
ân hận to (feel) regret, be sorry, repent
ân tứ benevolence (granted by the king)
âu (1) Europe, European
(2) seagull
(3) might as well
(4) worry, concern
âu đành consent (to something)
éc éc to squeal (sound made by a pig)
én swallow (bird)
éo ợt in an affected voice (different from one’s usual voice)
ép duyên to force (a woman) to marry
ê (1) ashamed
(2) numb, sore
(3) hey! (exclamation)
êu (interjection for calling pets)
ình oàng grumble (of thunder, cannon)
í ới call each other (one another) noisily
ích mẫu motherwort (tree)
òng ọc gurgle, bubble (of water)
ó (1) to shout, yell
(2) eagle
ô (1) suburb, (2) umbrella
ô kéo drawer (in a table, desk, etc)
ô long black dragon brown tea (a kind of Chinese tea)
ô mai salted dry apricot, sugared dry apricot-salted (sugared) dry carambola
ô môi apricots (or other small fruits) preserved in salt, licorice,
ô rô bear’s breech (tree)
ôi (1) spoiled, rotten
(2) (exclamation of surprise or to get sb’s attention)
ôi chao alas! (exclamation of surprise)
ôm bụng to hold one’s sides (with laughter)
ôm cầm (woman) to marry
ôm đít to kiss (sb’s) ass
ôm ấp to hug, embrace (lit and fig); cherish
ôn to review (a lesson)
ôn luyện review (revise) and drill
ông Mr., you (m)
ông bầu manager (theater)
ông bự very important person (VIP)
ông còn chờ gì nữa what (else) are you waiting for?
ông nầy him (person already mentioned)
ông phệnh pot-bellied statue (in sitting position).
ông xã husband (one’s own)
ù (1) to buzz, be noisy
(2) fast, swift, hurried; to hurry (up)
(3) to win (in certain card games)
(4) to thunder, make a thundering sound
ù suông smallest win (in mahjong or other game)
ùm to dive, jump (into water); to fool; to hug, huddle
ùn ỉn slow (due to being fat)
úi chà! (exclamation of surprise, admiration)
úng rotten, spoiled (fruit)
úng thủy spoiled, rotten (due to water)
úp to upset, overturn, turn (over)
úy (1) to fear
(2) (military) officer
ý (1) opinion, mind, position, thought, idea
(2) Italy
ăn (1) to eat (away at), attack, corrode, cost; to attend, celebrate, take part in (a event where food is served)
(3) to earn illegally
ăn bớt to appropriate other people’s money to oneself, skim (money, profits)
ăn cách to be in cahoots (with someone)
ăn cơm to eat (a meal), have a meal
ăn cưới to attend a wedding (banquet), reception
ăn da corrosive, caustic (to skin)
ăn dở (of pregnant woman) to eat sour things
ăn giả bữa to eat (a lot) after recovering from illness
ăn khao to celebrate a happy event (by eating)
ăn khoa to celebrate (by means of a feast)
ăn khớp to be well fitted (for something)
ăn liền instant, ready to eat, fast (food)
ăn trưa (to eat) lunch
ăn uống to eat and drink; to consume (food); cuisine, food and drink
ăn vào gan to eat at one’s liver (disease)
ăn vã to eat (meat, etc) without rice
ăn xài to spend (money)
ăn xổi to eat (pickles) before they are ready, eat before sth is completely cooked
ăn đòn to (be) hit, slap
ăn ở to (eat and) live, conduct oneself, behave
ăng ten hình bầu dục disk (shaped) antenna
ăng ten hình đĩa disk (shaped) antenna
ĐB (abbreviation for đại biểu)
ĐCS Đảng Cộng Sản (Communist Party)
ĐM (đéo mẹ) motherfucker
ĐNÁ Đông Nam Á Châu (Southeast Asia)
ĐT đào tạo (training)
ĐTDĐ điện thoại di động (mobile telephone)
Đà Lạt Dalat (city in Vietnam)
Đại Cách mạng Văn hóa (Chinese) cultural revolution
Đầu Sư cardinal (Cao Dai)
Đệ Nhất Cộng Hòa First Republic (of VN)
Đệ Nhất Kinh Gia First Family (President’s family)
Đệ Nhất Phu Nhân First Lady (President’s wife)
Đức Bà Về Trời the Assumption (of the Virgin Mary)
Đức cha Father (title for a priest)
đa liên polyvalent (of a vaccine)
đang (present progressive marker)
đang chờ đón waiting for (sb)
đang giữ nhiệm vụ bảo vệ trái đất (responsible for) protecting the earth
đang lúc ăn thì while eating (something happened)
đe nẹt to intimidate (children) into behaving themselves
đem đầu come to ask a favor (of)
đen tối dark, murky (of plots, conspiracies)
đeo to wear, put on (jewelry, glasses, weapon)
đeo kính to wear (eye)glasses
đi to go; (particle used to form commands, suggestions)
đi bộ to go on foot, (take a) walk
đi bộ đội join the (communist) army
đi chân đất to go (walk) barefoot
đi củi fetch wood (in the forest)
đi lang thang to wander about (aimlessly)
đi một vòng to walk around (once)
đi nghỉ take (have) a rest, go to rest-spend one’s holiday
đi phố go to town (for shopping)
đi qua to pass (through), go past
đi sứ to be sent (to a foreign country) as king’s envoy
đi tuần to (go out on) patrol
đi xa to go (far) away
đi đâu nhỉ where did (sb) go?
đi đất go (walk) barefoot
đi đến to arrive at (a decision)
đinh (1) to nail, nail
(2) 4th cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
đinh hương close (kind of spice)
điên cái đầu to go crazy, bang one’s head (in frustration)
điêu (1) lying, untruthful, false, dishonest
(2) to carve;
điếu tang pay a visit of condolence (to some bereaved family)
điều (1) thing, matter, item; article (of penal code, constitution)
(2) smoking pipe
(3) bird [=chim]
điều luật (article of) law
điều này this (thing, matter)
điều qua tiếng lại come to words (with)
điều trần to (make a) report, show in detail
điều trị to treat, cure (patient); treatment
điều đó that (aforementioned thing, matter)
điều động to appoint (somebody) to a post; to maneuver, move
điều ấy that (thing)
điểm bất đồng (point of) difference
điểm huyệt hit at dangerous spots (in traditional boxing)
điểm hạnh kiểm (classroom) conduct grade, behavior grade
điểm nhãn point the eyes (of Buddhist statue)
điểm trang adorn oneself, smarten (oneself) up
điểm đặc biệt characteristic(s)
điện học electricity (as a branch of study)
điện lực electric(al) power, electricity
điện tâm đồ cardiogram, electrocardiogram (ecg)
điện đàm to call (on the phone); telephone conversation
điệp vụ (spying) mission
đo ván to knock out (in boxing)
đo đạc survey (land); to survey
đo đắn weigh (one’s words)
đong to measure out (corn, etc.), buy (rice)
đoàn tàu convoy (of ships)
đoàn tụ to bring together, (re)unite, gather, join
đoàn tụ gia đình to (re)unite a family
đoạt to seize, win (prize), grab, take by force
đoản côn club (stick)
đua xe to race (automobiles)
đum đum dumdum (bullet)
đuôi gà short-pig-tail (left hanging from a woman’s sausage-shaped turban)
đuôi sam pig-tail, queue (of hair)
đuềnh thoughtless, irresponsible (about one’s job)
đuổi cổ to fire (sb from a job)
đuổi sở to fire, dismiss (from a job)
đà (1) to run; rate
(2) beam, girder
đài tiếng nói Việt Nam the Voice of Vietnam (radio station)
đàm (1) spittle, sputum, saliva, spit
(2) to talk, converse
(3) deep pool
đàn (1) musical instrument
(2) flock, herd, band, drove, group
đàn cừu flock (of sheep)
đàn hặc to impute (to), lay to the charge (of), impeach
đàn tràng makeshift platform (for worshipping Buddha)
đàn đúm to get together, socialize (for gambling, drinking)
đàng (1) see đương
(2) group
đàng Ngoài region of North Vietnamese ruled by the Trịnh (pre French colonial)
đàng Trong region of South Vietnamese ruled by the Nguyễn (pre French colonial)
đành to have no choice (but to do something), resign oneself to do sth
đành chịu to resign oneself (to do something)
đào (1) to dig (up), unearth
(2) peach
(3) to escape
đào bới to dig, excavate, turn over (earth); to call somebody names, curse and swear
đào hoa con khỉ “lucky in love” my ass (expressing disgreement)
đào từ đất lên to excavate, dig up (from the ground)
đá (1) stone, rock
(2) to kick
đá bóng (to play) soccer, football
đá lửa flint (stone used for starting fires)
đá ngầm oust (by underhand tricks), supplant
đái nhắt strangury (slow and painful spasmodic discharge of urine)
đám cưới wedding (ceremony, procession), marriage ceremony
đám tiệc dinner (party)
đáng ngạc nhiên hơn là what’s even more suprising (is that)
đánh to beat, strike, hit, type, brush, play (games)
đánh bẻ to break (glass, pottery)
đánh chìm to sink (a ship)
đánh dẹp to suppress or repress (a revolt)
đánh luống make beds (for growing vegetables)
đánh máy to type (on a typewriter)
đánh môi color one’s lips (with lipstick)
đánh mất to lose (an object), mislay
đánh ngã knock (somebody) down
đánh nhau vì tiền to fight for money (as opposed to honor, e.g.)
đánh phấn powder (one’s face)
đánh tan to defeat, put (an army) to rout
đánh tháo rescue (from a siege, danger, difficulty), renege on the sale of
đánh tráo exchange fraudulently (a bad thing for a good one)
đánh trống lấp drown (a talk~ not to one’s liking) by speaking louder
đánh trứng whip eggs, beat (up) eggs
đánh vảy scale (a fish)
đánh vỡ to break (glass, china, etc.)
đánh đàng xa swing one’s arms (while walking)
đánh đôi to team up, gang up, play a double (tennis)
đánh đơn play a single (at tennis)
đánh đắm sink (a ship)
đánh đồng put on the same par (in the same basket, on the same footing)
đáp (1) to land, take (a vehicle)
(2) to answer, reply
đáp lại (1) in turn
(2) to respond, answer
đáp từ reply (to a welcome address, toasts)
đáp án detailed schemed solution (answer), model solution, key (to exercises)
đáp ứng báo cáo to answer a call (police)
đâu where, here, this; at all (negation marker)
đâu chẳng not (at all)
đâu có được cannot do (sth), (sth) is impossible
đâu nhỉ where (I wonder)?
đâu! (strongly negates the statement)
đã (past tense marker); first; after, following
đã hết to be gone, be past, be over, finish doing (sth)
đã lâu to have been a long time (since sth)
đã từng (past perfect marker)
đã đến lúc the time had come (to do sth)
đã đến lúc để the time came to (do sth)
đãi to treat (pay for sb else)
đè to bear, press (down), crush
đèn chớp (photographic) flash
đèn nhang lamp and joss-stick, (fig) votive offerings
đèn trời wisdom (foresight, enlightenment) of higher level
đèo to carry (person or thing) on a bicycle
đê mê be under the spell of (love)
đình công strike; to (be on, go on) strike
đích mẫu legitimate mother (one’s father legitimate wife)
đít posterior, backside, ass (hole), anus
đòm pop (gun’s noise)
đòn (1) to strike, hit; blow, beating, thrashing (2) lever
đòn quai sanh a short carrying pole (for carrying coffins)
đón to greet, meet, welcome (on arrival), pick up
đón nghe to receive (and listen to)
đón đưa meet (someone when he arrives) and see him off (when he leaves)
đón đầu wait (for someone) in front (to stop his advance)
đóng to close, shut, build, drive (nail), play, act (in a play)
đóng bìa to bind (a hardback book)
đóng khóa to lock (with a key)
đóng kịch act a part (in a play), put on an act
đóng lại to shut (door)
đóng máy to shutdown a machine (computer)
đóng quân garrison; to quarter (troops, soldiers)
đóng đai hoop (a barrel)
đô đốc commander-in-chief, (vice) admiral
đôi chút a little (bit)
đôi lời kết conclusion (of an article, etc.)
đôi mắt (pair of) eyes
đôi ta the two of us (man and women)
đôn terra-cotta (china) seat, terra-cotta (china) support for flower-pots
đông (1) to freeze; winter
(2) to be crowded, large (family)
(3) east, eastern, orient, Asia
đông ding east wing (of a bldg)
đông dân crowded (with people), populous, densely populated
đông người crowded (with people)
đông y eastern (oriental) medicine
đù (1) rough, vulgar, coarse; insult
(2) slow, stupid, dumb
(3) to have sex with, screw, fuck
đù mẹ ngủ dumb (mother)fucker
đùi (1) thigh, upper leg
(2) to peep, look at, spy
đùn to accumulate (cloud); to push (back)
đúc to be alike; to cast (metal)
đúc kết to sum (up), summarize, compile
đúng (1) correct, exact, sharp (of time), accurate, correct
(2) to bind (book); to close, shut; to pay; to build, (3) to fit with, go with, agree with, be in accord with
(4) to play (a role), act
đúng cách the correct way, right way (of doing something)
đúng hơn more precisely, more accurately, more correctly, that is (to say)
đúng là it is (precisely, exactly)
đúng ra it's correct, it's right (that)
đúng vào lúc mà at the precise moment that (something happened)
đúng vậy it is true (that)
đút túi appropriate, pocket dishonestly (public money); dense
đăng báo to put in a (news)paper
đăng kiểm register (a ship)
đăng nhập to log in (computer)
đăng ten lace(s)
đăng trình set off (on a journey), leave, take the road
đăng tải to carry, publish (in a paper)
đăng đường (of high mandarin) come to court
đĩa CD CD (compact disks)
đĩa tinh thể wafer (silicon)
đĩa từ (magnetic) disk
đũa cả large (cooking, serving) chopsticks
đũa phép (magic) wand
đũng crotch (of one’s pants), seat
đũng quần crotch (of one’s pants)
đơm đặt fabricate, invent, make up (a story)
đơn vị unit, district (political)
đơn vị trao đổi đường carbohydrate exchange unit (CEU)
đơn vị áp suất bar (unit of pressure)
đơn xin application (form), request, requisition, petition
đưa to take, give, conduct, lead, bring (something or someone)
đưa sang to take someone (to a place)
đưa tình to ogle, make eyes (at)
đưa vào (1) to insert, introduce, enter
(2) to release, put out
đưa vào thương mại to put on (or introduce to) the market
đưa đám to attend (someone’s) funeral
đưa đến hậu quả là which has as a result (that)
đương (1) actual, now, current
(2) to face, resist, oppose
đường (1) route, road, street, path, avenue, lane
(2) sugar
đường bán kính radius (of a circle)
đường bắn shooting lane (on a range)
đường dây route, line (e.g. electrical)
đường giây (telephone) line
đường nứt địa chất (geological) fault
đường sá road(s)
đường sông (inland) waterway
đường súp (geological) fault
đường trong internal route (referring to south Vietnam)
được (passive marker); can, be able, okay; that, which; to have, receive, obtain; to defeat, beat
được bạc to win (in gambling)
được coi là which is, can be regarded (as)
được hỏi về to be asked about (something)
được thả ra to be released, freed (from captivity)
được việc efficient (in minor jobs), being a handy man
đại (1) large, big, great, very, much
(2) period, era
đại diện chính thức authorized dealer (of a product)
đại huynh you (my venerable friend)
đại học khoa trưởng Dean (in a university)
đại học tổng hợp polytechnic (university)
đại tang deep mourning (for one’s parents or husband)
đại triều general court, great audience (held by a king)
đại vương (form of address)
đại úy captain (military rank)
đại điền trang feud, fee (under the Ly and Tran dynasties)
đại điện representative (person), delegate
đại đoàn brigade, division (army)
đại đoàn trưởng division(al) commander
đại đồng universal; world community (stateless and classless)
đại đội company (army)
đại đức venerable (middle-ranking bonze)
đạm thanh light green (of meal, way of life), frugal
đạo [CL for laws, decrees, edicts]; religion, Tao (of Taoism)
đạo cô properties (of a play)
đạo cụ properties, props (of a play)
đạo diễn to stage, direct, produce (a film); producer, manager, director
đạo luật law, act, (piece of) legislation
đạp (1) [CL for armies]
(2) to kick, trample, tread, step on, stamp
đạp bằng level flat (all obstacles)
đạt kỷ lục to reach, obtain a record (number)
đạy to close (with a lid)
đảng Công Minh Communist Party (of Japan)
đảng Dân Chủ Tự Do Liberal Democratic Party (of Japan)
đảng Dân Chủ Xã Hội Socialist Party (of Japan)
đảng Dân Xã Minshato (Japanese political party)
đảng cấp rank, ranking, stratification (as opposed to equality)
đảng ủy party committee (in an organization, office)
đảo (1) isle, island
(2) to turn (over, around, etc.)
(3) to pray for rain
đảo chánh coup (d’état); overthrow
đảo ngói re-adjust (re-arrange) the tiles (of a roof)
đảo đài loan (island of) Taiwan
đấm (1) to punch, strike with the hand
(2) lake
đất bãi alluvial land (on river banks or seashores)
đất cát sandy soil, land (as property)
đất hoang waste land, abandoned land, vacant (piece of) land
đất phong (the land system in the feudal era) land grants
đấu dịu show a conciliatory attitude (after a fit of temper, a quarrel)
đấu kiếm to fence, duel (with swords)
đấu thầu to bid for, contract, put in (make) a tender
đấu thủ contender, player (in a competition)
đấu trí measure wits (with someone, with one another)
đầm (1) European woman
(2) to tamp (earth)
(3) deep and wide pond
(4) to dip in mud
đầm đìa soaking (wet)
đầu (1) beginning, first
(2) head, mind, pole, end, hood (of a car)
đầu cua tai nheo cock-and-bull (story), nonsense, make
đầu cánh seat on the right hand of any player (in Vietnamese card-games)
đầu cơ to speculate (financial)
đầu gà leader (in a Vietnamese card-game, after a draw)
đầu máy hood (of a car)
đầu máy xe hood (of a car)
đầu mút end (of a cord)
đầu rau earthen tripod (for a cooking pot)
đầu ruồi bead (of a rife-sight)
đầu râu tóc bạc (signs of) old age
đầu tiên kể từ khi since (the time something happened)
đầu từ magnetic head (of a tape recorder)
đầu xứ honors graduate (in a provincial test-examination)
đầu đàn biggest of a flock (herd)
đầu đơn file an application (request, petition)
đầu đạn warhead (of a missile)
đầu đề examination question, subject (of exam), heading, headline
đầy ruột be infuriated, be enraged at (by)
đầy sáng tạo professional (job)
đầy tháng one-month celebration (for a baby)
đầy tuổi exactly one year old (of a baby)
đầy tài nguyên to be full of (natural) resources
đẩy to push, shove; to send (to)
đẩy cây to incite (to), instigate (to)
đẫy túi line one’s pocket (purse) full
đậm dark, deep (color) strong (tea, coffee) heavy, fat
đậm đặc concentrated, strong (of a solution)
đập dam; to hit, beat (also said of heart)
đập cánh (of birds) beat its wings
đập thình thình to beat wildly (heart)
đậu (1) bean
(2) to pass an examination
(3) to park (a car), perch, set (bird)
đậy to cover, shut (with a lid)
đắc dụng to get a deserving job (suitable to one’s talents), be useful
đắc thời to have the opportunity (to do something)
đắm to sink (a ship), shipwreck
đắm chìm to sink (a ship)
đắn đo to consider, ponder, deliberate, weigh (one’s words)
đắp to pile up, pack (earth, stone), construct, fill up
đắp đập to dam (up)
đằng sau lưng behind (one’s back)
đằng vân fly, travel on a cloud (of supernatural beings)
đằng xa in the (far) distance
đằng ấy you (over there)
đặc special; strong (of tea)
đặc nhiệm special, extraordinary (mission, report); especially
đặc quyền (special) privilege
đặc san special issue (of a paper)
đặc tài outstanding talent (genius), extraordinary talent (genius)
đặc xá grant (someone) a special reprieve, give someone amnesty
đặn anticipate (someone’s thoughts)
đặt order; to set up, establish, coin (a new word, name); to place, put
đặt bí danh to coin a (pseudo)name
đặt dưới quyền lãnh đọa to act under the leadership (of)
đặt dưới sự kiểm soát to place under (the) control
đặt hàng place an order-make (pay, leave) a deposit
đặt mua to place an order (to buy something)
đặt một điêu kiện to set a condition (for something)
đặt trước (pre)defined; to make a deposit, down-payment, reservation
đẻ to bring forth, give birth to (child), hatch, lay
đẽo to cut, squeeze (money)
đẽo khoét exploit, squeeze (money)
đế sole (of a shoe)
đế hiệu name of a king’s (emperor’s) reign
đế đô imperial (royal) capital
đến cả even (verb preceded by cũng)
đến giờ until now, until the present (moment)
đến lúc the moment has arrived; to arrive at a (the) moment
đến một mức nào đấy to a certain extent (measure, degree)
đến độ to the extent (that), the point (that)
đề (1) to write
(2) to propose
(3) to lift
đề bạt to promote, be raised (in position)
đề cương draft of the fundamentals (of a political platform)
đề cập tới to mention (sth), bring up (sth)
đề xuất to propose, put forward (for discussion)
đền (1) to compensate for, return, make up for
(2) temple
đều (1) both, all, in both cases
(2) steady, even, regular
để (1) in order to, so, so that; to allow, permit; to put, place, let (someone do something)
để bụng to have (something) in one’s mind
để cho ai to let sb (do sth)
để của leave (money or property) to somebody
để dành tiền to save (up) money
để khi khác make it another time, some other time (declining an invitation)
để phần to put by someone’s share, save a portion (of something)
để thời giờ to set aside, allow oneself time (to do something)
để tri ân (in order to) show one’s thanks
để tránh (in order) to avoid
để tránh tình trạng này (in order) to avoid this situation
đệ (1) order, rank, n-th (ordinalizer)
(2) to submit
đệ nhất phu nhân first lady (wife of the president)
đỉnh (1) incense burner
(2) peak, top, summit, tip, crown
địa chỉ tài nguyên thống nhất uniform resource locator (URL)
địa các chin area (in physiognomy)
địa danh (place) name, geographic name
địa tạng jizo, kshitigarbha (Buddhist)
địa tầng layer, strata (stratum)
địa đầu border area (of two localities)
địch (1) to oppose, resist, be a match for; enemy, adversary, foe: (2) reed flute
địch quân enemy army, enemy (adverse) troops
định bụng to intend (to do something)
định cư fixed residence, fixed home; to settle (in a place), set up one’s residence
định kiến (fixed) idea, ideé fixe
định luật (scientific) law
địu to carry (a child) strapped to one’s back
đọc to read, pronounce, deliver (a speech)
đọc riêng to read separately (from the rest of the book, e.g.)
đọc theo lối Việt to read in the Vietnamese manner, Vietnamese reading (of a Chinese character)
đọc thấy to find out (by reading)
đỏ mọng red and succulent (of fruit)
đố to challenge, pass (an exam)
đối (1) couple
(2) to apply
(3) opposing, anti-
đối chứng control (in experiments)
đối lập nhau contradictory, in opposition (to each other)
đối ngạn the opposite banks (of a river)
đối với with, to, (as) for, towards, with regard to, with respect to, regarding, with regards to
đốt vía burn a bamboo spill (a piece of paper) for driving ill luck away
đồ (1) scholar, disciple
(2) thing, article, item
(3) derogatory form of address
đồ dùng cá nhân personal objects (e.g. pen, comb)
đồ họa drawing, graphic (image)
đồ lường gạt (you) cheater!, (you) swindler!
đồ nho teacher, tutor(of Chinese language)
đồ sứ pottery, porcelain, china(ware)
đồ đĩ whore (term of abuse)
đồ đểu rascal (term of abuse)
đồng (1) unit of currency, money; coin
(2) field
(3) same, co-, fellow
(4) copper, brass
đồng Yen Yen (Japanese currency)
đồng bạc piaster (Vietnamese currency), money, currency
đồng bằng delta (of a river), plains, lowland
đồng bối contemporary (one’s equal in age)
đồng cư cohabit (with), keep house together
đồng tử (1) pupil (of the eye)
(2) young boy
đồng đều equal(ly)
đồng ấu child(ren)
đổ to pour, spill (out), empty
đổ bể to break out (of a secret)
đổ bộ to land, disembark, go ashore (from a boat)
đổ riệt put the blame on (only one person) put the sole blame on
đổ vấy implicate (someone) rashly in one’s offence
đổ xô to flock into, pour in (people)
đổi to change, convert, alter, exchange, swap, cash (a check)
đổi công mutual help (a kind of low-level co-operative)
đổi đời have (live) a new life
đỗ to stop, park (vehicle); to pass an examination
độ (1) about, approximately, around (a time)
(2) degree, measure
độ bo (degree of) concentration (chemical, e.g.)
độ chìm draft (of a ship)
độ hạ thấp degree of lowering (in a bow)
độ ẩm (atmospheric) humidity, moisture
độc (1) alone, solitary
(2) toxic, poison; poisonous, harmful, injurious
độc bản reader (textbook)
độc đạo only way, only path (to an objective)
độc ẩm for a single drinker (of teapot)
đội (1) group, organization, unit, team
(2) to carry, wear on one’s head
(3) to drop
(4) jack
(5) sergeant
đội ngũ ranks (of soldiers, workers)
đội phó second-in-command, vice-captain (of a football team)
động binh to mobilize (troops)
động cơ nổ engine, motor (internal combustion)
động cỡn rut, be in (on) heat, aroused
động tỉnh movement and rest, development(s)
đột (1) sudden, abrupt, unexpected
(2) to sew, stitch up, mend
(3) to pierce, put a hole in (metal)
đớp ruồi (bird) flycatcher, muscipapa
đờ mặt grow stupid, be stunned (struck with surprise)
đờ người stunned (with shame), dumb (with shame, amazement)
đỡ to help, assist (by assuming burden), parry, ward off, turn aside, prop, hold up, relieve
đỡ dậy help (somebody) stand up (sit up)
đỡ đẻ deliver (a woman in childbirth)
đợi to wait (for), await
đục (1) disorderly, turbid
(2) to chisel, carve
đụn thịt (slang) worthless fellow
đụng chạm xác thịt to make physical contact, touch (sb)
đụng vào sườn của ngọn núi to crash into a mountain (side, peak)
đủ enough, sufficient, adequate; all (kinds of)
đủ mùi all sorts (of)
đủ rồi that’s enough (already)
đứa (indicates a person of lower status)
đức (1) virtue, (honorific prefix)
(2) Germany
đứng bóng noon, midday (when the sun is at its zenith)
đứng trên mỏm núi to stand on the peak (top) of a mountain
đứng tên to hold in one’s name (e.g. stock)
đứt gan đứt ruột feel unhappy (about), torment oneself
đứt gánh tương tư break love relations (with)
đừng có bao giờ don’t even (do sth)
đừng có hiểu lầm don’t misunderstand (me)
đực (1) (of animals) male, masculine
(2) stupified, astonished
ơi (exclamation to get sb’s attention)
ơi là (exclamation), how
ư (1) really?, is that so?
(2) on, at, by, in
ư hữ to give a vague answer, say yes (insincerely)
ưng chuẩn to approve (of), authorize
ưu (1) very good, well done, A (school grade)
ưu hạng best, excellent, A (school grade)
ươn spoiled, rotten; to spoil, taint (fish)
ươn mình unwell, out of sorts (of children)
ương (1) young tree, seedling
(2) stubborn
(3) disaster, calamity
(4) central
(5) female duck
ước (1) promise, treaty, agreement
(2) to wish
(3) to estimate, approximate, guess
ướt nhè wet (clothes)
ạ (phrase ending particle indicating politeness or respect)
ải (1) to defile, pass
(2) to mould, mildew, disintegrate, rot; rotten
(3) to hang
(4) pass (mountain)
(5) trial, ordeal, obstacle, hurdle
(6) to make loose, aerate (soil)
ải tử to be strangled (to death), be hanged
ảnh (1) image, picture, photograph
(2) he, him, that (young) man [=anh ấy]
ảnh hưởng sang tới to influence, affect (sb, sth)
ảnh nền wallpaper (computer)
ảo giác (optical) illusion, fantasy
ảo hóa changeable, fickle, variable; to change (like an illusion)
Ấn (1) India, Indian, Hindi, Indo-
(2) to press, print
(3) official seal
ấm (1) (pleasantly) warm
(2) teapot, coffeepot, kettle
(3) [CL for containers]
(4) son of a mandarin
ấm no (well) clothed and fed, well off, comfortable
ấm áp warm (air, climate)
ấn bản ngoại ngữ foreign language version (software)
ấn chỉ printed matters, printed paper, stationary, (official) letterhead
ấp (1) hamlet, small town, settlement
(2) to brood, sit on eggs
ấp ủ to cherish, dream (of, about), entertain (idea); to plan, consider (seriously)
ất (1) to elevate, lift
(2) 2nd cycle of the twelve years of the Chinese zodiac
ấu (1) young
(2) caltrops
ầm ĩ noisily; (very) noisy, boisterous, strident, uproarious
ẩm (1) to drink
(2) humid, muggy, wet, damp, moist
ẩm chồi flat (about the market)
ẩn nặc to receive (stolen property, stolen goods)
ẩy to push, shove (down)
ắng cổ keep silent (because one doesn’t know how to answer)
ẳng ẳng (of a dog) to yap, yelp
ẵm to carry in one’s arms (baby)
ẵm nách to carry at one’s side (baby)
ẹo to twist, bend (over)
ếp (exclamation)
ệnh dull (yellow)
ỉa són to be incontinent, wet or mess one’s pants (small amount)
ọ oẹ (of infant) begin to squeak
ọ ọe (of infant) begin to squeak
ỏn thót tell tales, flatter (with soft words)
ỏn à ỏn ẻn (of voice) feminine
ố (1) spotted, soiled, stained, smeared
(2) to hate, loath
ốc (1) snail, mollusk, shellfish, animal with a shell
(2) house
(3) screw
ốm (1) sick, ill
(2) lean, thin, skinny
ống chống âm thanh earplugs (to protect against sound)
ống cống sewer (pipe)
ống hảm silencer (for a gun)
ống nghe earphone, (telephone) receiver, stethoscope
ống nhắm scope (on a firearm)
ống nói mouthpiece (of a phone)
ống píp pipe (for smoking)
ống quyển (1) paper-holding bamboo pipe
(2) shin
ống tay sleeve (of a garnment)
ống xịt nước sprinkler (pipe)
ồ to rush (upon), pounce
ổ đạn cylinder (of a revolver)
ổi guava (fruit)
ớn lạnh to have chills, shake, shudder (from cold)
ớt (red) pepper, chili pepper, hot sauce, paprika
ớt chỉ thiên hot red pepper (with small seed pointing upward)
ở dọc along, alongside (of)
ở lại to remain behind, stay (behind)
ở mướn serve (a family) for wages
ở mức 3 con số three digits, a three-digit number, the hundred(s)
ở mức thang cuối cùng on the lowest rung (of a ladder)
ở ngoài bìa on the outside (label)
ở ngoài sân outside (in the yard)
ở năm serve (a family) on a long-term basis
ở phía trái on the wrong side (of something)
ở trong người inside (one’s body)
ở trong tay in one’s hand(s); in the hands
ở trên bàn on (top of) the table
ở trước mặt in front (of)
ở vào lứa tuổi in one’s ~’s (age range)
ở đó (is) there
ở đường in, on the street(s)
ở đầu giây at the (other) end of the line
ục ục glug glug (drinking sound)
ủ (1) sad, unhappy, gloomy
(2) to cover (food)
ủa (exclamation of surprise)
ủng (1) (see also úng)
(2) boot
ủy (1) to appoint, designate, entrust
(2) to comfort, reassure, console
ủy nhiệm thư (diplomatic) credentials
ủy nhiệm trạng (diplomatic) credentials
ủy thác to confide, entrust, delegate, vest (authority, power)
ứng cử candidate (for office)
ứng dụng to apply, use; application, (computer) program
ứng tiếp to receive (guests), entertain
ứng xử to behave (oneself), comport oneself, conduct oneself
ựa belch, belch (ing), eructation
ỷ (1) to be fat (said of a pig)
(2) to depend on
trình diện to present oneself, report (to sh)
màu xám gray (colored)
màu nâu đậm dark brown (colored)
phòng tiếp khách reception (room)
máy quay phim (video, movie) camera
thò đầu to stick (out) one’s head
miễn tử pardon (from death)
nhớ cho kỹ (remember to) be careful

37 1737 die Postleitzahl (PLZ), en	postal code (ZIP) postal code (ZIP) die Postleitzahl (PLZ), en		postal code (ZIP)	die Postleitzahl (PLZ), en	mã vùng bưu chính (ZIP)

RANDOM Tôi yêu jiaozi (bánh bao nhân) . I love jiaozi (filled dumplings) . Ich liebe Jiaozi (gefüllte Teigtaschen) 0 Tôi yêu jiaozi (bánh bao nhân) 0 (VI) 0071

RANDOM (Cô ấy) đã ăn một nửa cuộn . (She) has eaten half of the roll . (Sie) aß die Hälfte des Brötchens 0 (Cô ấy) đã ăn một nửa cuộn . (VI) 0143

RANDOM Một đám cháy đã bắt đầu ở đây . ((Một ngọn lửa đã bùng lên ở đây .) A fire has started here . ((A fire has broken out here .)) Hier ist ein Feuer ausgebrochen 0 Một đám cháy đã bắt đầu ở đây . ((Một ngọn lửa đã bùng lên ở đây .) (VI) 0556

RANDOM Tại đây đã xảy ra một vụ tai nạn giao thông . ((Một vụ tai nạn giao thông đã xảy ra ở đây .) A traffic accident have taken place here . ((A traffic accident has occurred here .)) Hier gab es einen Autounfall 0 (Hier gab es einen Autounfall .) Tại đây đã xảy ra một vụ tai nạn giao thông . ((Một vụ tai nạn giao thông đã (VI) 0599

RANDOM Môi trường ở đây rất dễ chịu (hoặc Nơi này rất quyến rũ) . The environment here is very pleasant (or This place is very charming) . Die Umgebung hier ist sehr angenehm (oder dieser Ort ist sehr charmant) 0 Môi trường ở đây rất dễ chịu (hoặc Nơi này rất quyến rũ) . (VI) 0675

RANDOM Thành phố này thích hợp để sinh sống . ((Đây là một thành phố rất đáng sống .)) This city is suitable for living . ((This is a very liveable city .)) Dies ist eine sehr lebenswerte Stadt 0 Thành phố này thích hợp để sinh sống . ((Đây là một thành phố rất đáng sống .)) (VI) 0676

RANDOM Ngôn ngữ chính thức của Trung Quốc là ngôn ngữ Hán (Trung Quốc) . The official language of China is the Han language (Chinese) . Die offizielle Sprache Chinas ist die Han-Sprache (Chinesisch) 0 Ngôn ngữ chính thức của Trung Quốc là ngôn ngữ Hán (Trung Quốc) . (VI) 0882

RANDOM Những người trẻ cố gắng trở nên hợp thời trang (thắp sáng, "theo đuổi thời trang hiện tại") . zu sein (wörtlich die aktuelle Mode verfolgen) . Young people mode actuelle) 0 Junge Leute versuchen , trendy Những người trẻ cố gắng trở nên hợp thời trang (thắp sáng , theo đuổi thời trang hiện tại) (VI) 1493

RANDOM Quá trình sản xuất được tiến hành theo trình tự (đã thiết lập) . Production is proceeding according to the (established) sequence . Die Produktion erfolgt nach der (festgelegten) Reihenfolge 0 Quá trình sản xuất được tiến hành theo trình tự (đã thiết lập) . (VI) 1564

RANDOM 甲 (jia) trong tiếng Trung tương tự như "A" trong tiếng Anh . Chinese 甲 (jia) is analogous to A in English . Das bedeutet A 0 甲 (jia) trong tiếng Trung tương tự như A trong tiếng Anh . (VI) 1680

RANDOM Người Trung Quốc có phong tục ăn bánh bao trong dịp năm mới . Chinese traditionally eat jiaozi (dumplings) at the Chinese New Year . Chinesen essen traditionell eine bestimmte Art Knödel zum chinesischen Neujahr 0 Người Trung Quốc có phong tục ăn bánh bao trong dịp năm mới . (VI) 1714

RANDOM Đứa trẻ dựa vào lan can . ((Đứa trẻ dựa vào lan can .)) The child leans against the railing . ((The child leans on the railing .)) Das Kind lehnt sich gegen das Geländer 0 ((Das Kind stützt sich auf das Geländer .)) Đứa trẻ dựa vào lan can 0 ((Đứa trẻ dựa vào lan can .)) (VI) 2187

RANDOM Thị trưởng đã đưa ra một thông báo quan trọng (lit ., "trang trọng / nghiêm túc công bố một thông tin") eine wichtige Ankündigung (wörtlich: feierlich / ernsthaft eine Information angekündigt) . annoncé solennellement/sérieusement une information) 0 Der Bürgermeister machte Thị trưởng đã đưa ra một thông báo quan trọng (lit . , trang trọng / nghiêm túc công (VI) 2198

RANDOM Họ đang đào sâu vào một vấn đề . (hoặc Họ đang nghiên cứu một vấn đề một cách siêng năng .) They are delving deep into a problem . (or They are studying a problem diligently .) Sie vertiefen sich in ein Problem 0 Họ đang đào sâu vào một vấn đề . (hoặc Họ đang nghiên cứu một vấn đề một cách (VI) 2256

RANDOM Cảm xúc của cô ấy rất mong manh . ((Cô ấy dễ buồn .)) Her emotions are very fragile . ((She is easily upset .)) Sie ist seelisch zerbrechlich 0 Cảm xúc của cô ấy rất mong manh . ((Cô ấy dễ buồn .)) (VI) 2512

RANDOM Họ đang so sánh các ghi chú về kỹ thuật chơi gôn (lit ., "kỹ thuật chơi bóng") . Golf-Ballspieltechniken miteinander aus . They are (lit 0 , techniques de jeu de balle) 0 Sie tauschen Họ đang so sánh các ghi chú về kỹ thuật chơi gôn (lit . , kỹ thuật chơi bóng) (VI) 2514

RANDOM Cô ấy cảm thấy rất chán nản (bởi sự tích tụ của những cảm xúc bị dồn nén) . She feels very depressed (by an accumulation of pent-up feelings) . Sie fühlt sich sehr deprimiert 0 Cô ấy cảm thấy rất chán nản (bởi sự tích tụ của những cảm xúc bị dồn nén) . (VI) 2563

RANDOM Tôi đang (lại) sao chép một số ghi chú . I am (re)copying some notes . Ich kopiere die Notizen 0 Tôi đang (lại) sao chép một số ghi chú . (VI) 2569

RANDOM Cô ấy là một người vợ tuyệt vời (tốt bụng và hợp lý) . She is a wonderful (kind-hearted and sensible) wife . Sie ist eine wundervolle (gutherzige und vernünftige) Frau 0 Cô ấy là một người vợ tuyệt vời (tốt bụng và hợp lý) . (VI) 2667

RANDOM Ký tự 丙 ("bing") biểu thị ý tưởng của "Số 3" The character 丙 ("bing") denotes the idea of Number 3 . Das Zeichen 丙 ("bing") bezeichnet die Idee von Nummer 3 0 Ký tự 丙 ("bing") biểu thị ý tưởng của Số 3 (VI) 2728

RANDOM Có một bức tượng của Nguyên soái (tổng tư lệnh) ở quảng trường . There is a statue of the Marshal (commander-in-chief) in the square . Auf dem Platz steht eine Statue des Marschalls (Oberbefehlshaber) 0 Có một bức tượng của Nguyên soái (tổng tư lệnh) ở quảng trường . (VI) 2778

RANDOM Dòng sông ngập (hoặc tràn) . The river flooded (or overflowed) . Der Fluss ist überschwemmt 0 Dòng sông ngập (hoặc tràn) . (VI) 2785

RANDOM Bạn thật đáng khinh (hay Bạn thật là đồ đê tiện) . You are despicable (or You are such a jerk) . Du bist schrecklich 0 Bạn thật đáng khinh (hay Bạn thật là đồ đê tiện) . (VI) 2876

RANDOM Tờ giấy đang che đi khuôn mặt của cô ấy (và che khuất tầm nhìn của nó) . The paper is covering her face (and blocking it from sight) . Das Papier bedeckt ihr Gesicht (und blockiert es vor den Augen) 0 Tờ giấy đang che đi khuôn mặt của cô ấy (và che khuất tầm nhìn của nó) . (VI) 3063

RANDOM Cô ấy là người Mỹ gốc Hoa (hay người Mỹ gốc Hoa) . She is a Chinese American (or an American of Chinese ancestry) . Sie ist eine chinesische Amerikanerin (oder eine Amerikanerin chinesischer Abstammung) 0 Cô ấy là người Mỹ gốc Hoa (hay người Mỹ gốc Hoa) . (VI) 3122

RANDOM Cô ấy kiếm cho mình một bát cơm . (Lit ., "Cô ấy đổ đầy một cái bát với cơm .") Sie holte sich eine Schüssel Reis . (Lit . Sie füllte acheté un bol de riz 0 (Lit 0 , Elle a rempli un bol de riz .) Cô ấy kiếm cho mình một bát cơm . (Lit . , Cô ấy đổ đầy một cái bát (VI) 3192

RANDOM Anh ấy bực bội với những người khác nói rằng anh ấy béo . er sei fett . He resents (lit . , considers it taboo) others Er ärgert sich (wörtlich: hält es für tabu) , andere sagen , Anh ấy bực bội với những người khác nói rằng anh ấy béo . (VI) 3295

RANDOM Anh ấy được khen thưởng (vì những việc làm dũng cảm của mình) . He is received commendation (for his brave deeds) . Er wird gelobt (für seine tapferen Taten) 0 Anh ấy được khen thưởng (vì những việc làm dũng cảm của mình) . (VI) 3345