former + being something previously, but not now ☊ 18 New HSK word(s): HSK2 从 → → → → + cong2 from; via; passing through; through (a gap); past; ever (followed by negative, meaning never); (formerly pr.zong4and related to 纵/纵) to follow; to comply with; to obey; to join; to engage in; adopting some mode of action or attitude; follower; retainer; accessory; accomplice; related by common paternal grandfather or earlier ancestor HSK3 过去 → → → → + guo4qu5 (in the) past; former; previous; to go over; to pass by HSK3 旧 → → → → + jiu4 old; opposite: new 新; former; worn (with age) HSK3 以前 → → → → + yi3qian2 before; formerly; previous; ago HSK3 先 → → → → + xian1 early; prior; former; in advance; first HSK3 向 → → → → + xiang4 towards; to face; to turn towards; direction; to support; to side with; shortly before; formerly; always; all along HSK4 原来 → → → → + yuan2lai2 original; former; originally; formerly; at first; so, actually, as it turns out HSK4 演员 → → → → + yan3yuan2 actor or actress; performer; CL:个/个ge4,位wei4,名ming2 HSK5 武术 → → → → + wu3shu4 military skill or technique (in former times); all kinds of martial art sports (some claiming spiritual development); self-defense; tradition of choreographed fights from opera and film (recent usage); also called kungfu 功夫; CL:种/种zhong3 HSK5 靠 → → → → + kao4 to lean against or on; to stand by the side of; to come near to; to depend on; to trust; to fuck (vulgar); traditional military costume drama where the performers wear armor (old) HSK5 从前 → → → → + cong2qian2 previously; formerly; once upon a time HSK5 曾经 → → → → + ceng2jing1 once; already; former; previously; ever; (past tense marker used before verb or clause) HSK6 昔日 → → → → + xi1ri4 formerly; in olden days HSK6 原先 → → → → + yuan2xian1 former; original HSK6 以往 → → → → + yi3wang3 in the past; formerly HSK6 制服 → → → → + zhi4fu2 to subdue; to check; to bring under control; (in former times) what one is allowed to wear depending on social status; uniform (army, party, school etc); livery (for company employees); CL:套tao4 HSK6 往事 → → → → + wang3shi4 past events; former happenings HSK6 往常 → → → → + wang3chang2 habitually (in the past); as one used to do formerly; as it used to be
8 Old HSK word(s): A N 从前* → cong2qian2 before/ formerly/ in the past A N 以前* → yi3qian2 before/ formerly A VS 原来* → yuan2lai2 original/ former B N 演员* → yan3yuan2 actor/ performer C VS 原先* → yuan2xian1 original-earlier/ former/ original D n;VS;Conj 故* → gu4 reason/ former/ so D N 往年* → wang3nian2 in former years D N 往日* → wang3ri4 in former days
往日
～我家到公司，开车要 20 分钟。
Từ + 奶奶经常给我讲～的事情。
Trong quá khứ, + 这件衣服穿了两年，已经～了。
Già + 我们看电影～，先去吃个饭吧。
Trước khi + 你～去，我一个小时后再去。
Đầu tiên + ～东走，就可以看到那个学校了。
Đến + 我还住在～的地方。
Bản gốc + 她是个著名的电影～。
Diễn viên + Võ thuật + Chống lại + Từ phía trước + Một lần + Cựu + Bản gốc + Trong quá khứ, + Đồng phục + Trong quá khứ + Luôn luôn + Grade E word(s):
→ → →
| Gb | Eng | Viet |
|---|---|---|
| 希思先生是英国前任首相。 | Mr. Heath is the former Prime Minister of Britain. |  → |
| 我们每年举行一次大学校友联欢会。 | We hold an annual reunion of former students of the college. | → |
| 他们支持日本接管德国以前在山东省的所有权益。 | They supported Japan's take over of all the former German interests in Shandong Province. | → |
| 她与原来的丈夫离婚十年後又复婚了. | She remarried her former husband ten years after their divorce. | → |
| 往日激情将熄的余烬仍可从他的文章中看出来。 | The dying embers of a former passion can still be seen in his article. | → |
| 珍和玛丽是好朋友，前者是老师，后者是护士。 | Jane and Mary are good friends; the former is a teacher, the latter is a nurse. | → |
| 那位政治家曾是著名的社会改革家。 | The politician was a famous social reformer. | → |
| 在等待开演的时候，演员们十分紧张 | The performers were edgy as they waited for the show to begin. | → |
| 她的任务是感化过去的罪犯。 | Her mission was to reclaim former criminals. | → |
| 战胜国要求战败国交付巨额赔款. | The victorious nations are demanding huge indemnities from their former enemies. | → |
| 美国和前苏联都是条约的签署国. | The US and the former Soviet Union were co-signatories of/to the treaty. | → |
| 自耦变压器一种电力变压器，其初级线圈与次级线圈部分或全部共用 | An electrical transformer in which the primary and secondary coils have some or all windings in common. | → |
| 变压器的功用就是把电力从一种电压改变为加一种电压。 | The function of the transformers is to change electric power from one voltage to another. | → |
| 从前的人把监犯的头钉在尖桩上. | In former times, prisoners' heads were impaled on pointed stakes. | → |
| 以前的许多殖民地现已成为独立的国家. | The former colonial possessions are now independent states. | → |
| 实践与理论一样重要，但是我们易于珍视后者而轻视前者。 | Practice is as important as theory, but we are apt to value the latter and despise the former. | → |
| 她看到他非常高兴，顿时完全忘记了先前的烦恼。 | Her happiness at seeing him submerged her former worries. | → |
| 黄铜片黄铜或类似黄铜的合金，用锤子锤成片状，过去用于制造教堂中的器具 | Brass or an alloy resembling brass, hammered thin and formerly used in the manufacture of church vessels. | → |
| 角帖书一种早期初级读物，即为一张盖有透明角片作为保护的书页，以前供儿童认字用 | An early primer consisting of a single page protected by a transparent sheet of horn, formerly used in teaching children to read. | → |
| 回到原先状态在、到或向着从前的状态地 | In, to, or toward a former condition. | → |
| 该公司以前隶属於一个国际银行集团. | The company formerly belonged to an international banking group. | → |
| 神经衰弱一种神经系统紊乱，表现为长期疲劳乏力、失去记忆，带中度疼痛。以前被认为是由于神经系统衰竭引起的 | A neurotic disorder characterized by chronic fatigue and weakness, loss of memory, and generalized aches and pains. It was formerly thought to result from exhaustion of the nervous system. | → |
| 赡养费按照法庭判决离婚后的原配偶－－通常为夫妻中收入较多的一方给另一方的供养补助。赡养费亦可付给并未离婚的双方中的一方，如在合法分居时 | An allowance for support made under court order to a divorced person by the former spouse, usually the chief provider during the marriage. Alimony may also be granted without a divorce, as between legally separated persons. | → |
| 古时认为一般金属能变成黄金. | In former times it was thought that ordinary metal could be transmuted into gold. | → |
| 他在总统竞选中曾以改革者的姿态出现。 | He have project himself as a reformer in the presidential campaign. | → |
| 我妻子如往日一般身着盛装从楼上走了下来。 | Down came my wife dressed out in all her former splendour. | → |
| 人不同于野兽，因前者能笑，而后者却不能。 | Man differs from beasts in that the former is able to laugh, while the latter aren't. | → |
| 乐队奏乐欢迎演员登台. | The band played the performers onto the stage. | → |
| 解毒剂一种药物复合剂，以前用于解毒 | A medicinal compound formerly used as an antidote for poison. | → |
| 以前用以保护上前去围攻的士兵的活动的屏面或盾牌 | A mobile screen or shield formerly used to protect besieging soldiers. | → |
| 告密者检举他人的人；告密的人 | One who informs against others; an informer. | → |
| 检举人已向警方告发他（是恐怖分子）. | An informer denounced him to the police (as a terrorist). | → |
| 他批评以前的同事, 并非出於气愤而是为他惋惜. | It was more in sorrow than in anger that he criticized his former colleague. | → |
| 其他共和国现在公开抱怨新俄罗斯帝国主义，同时以前的那些头儿们也假惺惺地为违反“人权”一掬同情之泪。 | Leaders of other republics mutter openly now about a new Russian imperialism, while former chieftains shed crocodile tears over the violation of"human rights." | → |