1 New HSK word(s): HSK6 擅自 → → → → + shan4zi4 without permission; of one's own initiative
1 Old HSK word(s): D Adv 擅自* → shan4zi4 do sth; without authorization
擅自
Trái phép + Grade E word(s):
擅自作主 → 擅自 [shan4 zi4]
unbefugt, eigenmächtig Häufigkeit: 2.59 Komposita
| Gb | Eng | Viet |
|---|---|---|
| 她未请示上级擅自把所有这些请柬都发了出去. | She issued all these invitations without any reference to her superiors. |  → |